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The installed capacity of industrial robots in China has declined for the first time in ten years. Is it a signal of cold winter or a prelude to spring？

　　The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) released its latest report "Global Robots 2019" in Shanghai on September 18th. This comprehensive report on the performance of the global robot market in 2018 shows that despite the two main application areas of the robot industry last year — — The automobile and electronics industries are facing headwinds, but the annual global sales of robots have reached a new high of $16.5 billion, and the global installed capacity has increased by 6% from the previous year to 422,000 units. IFR predicts that the installed capacity in 2019 will be lower than that in 2018, but the average annual growth rate from 2020 to 2022 can be maintained at 12%.

　　"In 2018, we saw the ups and downs of the market performance of the robot industry, but we still created a new sales record, even though this year was the main customer of robots — — A difficult year for the automotive and electronics industries. " The International Federation of Robotics President Junji Tsuda said, "Sino-US trade friction brings uncertainty to the global economy — — Customers tend to delay investment. But what is exciting is that the annual installed capacity still exceeds 400,000 for the first time. The long-term outlook of IFR shows that the continuous automation trend and continuous technological improvement will bring double-digit growth, and it is estimated that the installed capacity will reach about 584,000 units in 2022. "

　　According to the report, the top five industrial robot markets in 2018 are China, Japan, South Korea, the United States and Germany, accounting for 74% of the global installed capacity.

　　After eight years of rapid growth, the installed capacity of industrial robots in China showed an inflection point last year, with a slight decline. However, China is still the largest industrial robot market in the world, accounting for 36% of the installed capacity in the global market.

　　In 2018, the installed capacity of industrial robots in China was about 154,000 units, which was 1% lower than that in 2017, but still more than that in Europe and America combined. Last year, the total installed capacity of robots in China market reached 5.4 billion US dollars, an increase of 21% compared with 2017.

　　The annual installed capacity of industrial robots in China market from 2008 to 2018. The pictures in this article are all from the report of Global Robots 2019.

　　In 2018, the density of robots in manufacturing factories in China (the number of robots per 10,000 workers) was 9.3 times that of 2010, reaching 140. In the picture, the blue column shows the density of robots in China, and the red curve shows the global average level.

　　Nevertheless, there is still much room for improvement in the scale application of robots in China’s manufacturing industry. Globally, the density of robots in Singapore, South Korea and Germany ranks the top three, reaching 831, 774 and 338 respectively.

　　In 2018, the differentiation between independent and foreign brand robots was obvious. The total installed capacity of China local robots in the domestic market has increased by 5% (27% in 2018 and 22% in 2017), which shows that China’s policy orientation of encouraging its own brand robots has brought results. On the other hand, the installed capacity of foreign brands (including products produced by non-China suppliers in China) decreased by 7% to about 113,000 units (2017: about 122,000 units).

　　From 2016 to 2018, the annual installed capacity of industrial robots in various industries in China market. Electrical/electrical industry, automobile industry, metal and machinery industry have always been the top three application industries, but in 2018, the installed capacity of industrial robots in these three industries all declined. On the contrary, other industries have increased.

　　Annual supply of foreign robot brand suppliers and China local suppliers in various industries in 2017 and 2018. Under the background of declining automobile sales, the demand for industrial robots in automobile manufacturing industry is also decreasing. In the automobile industry, the market share of foreign brands is over 80%, which also explains why the sales of foreign brands of robots suffered a greater market impact last year.

　　As for the industrial robot market, which tends to be weak since last year, the robot companies interviewed by The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) during the 21st China Industry Expo recently said that the so-called "cold winter" in the industry is only a temporary phenomenon.

　　Li Gang, head of ABB’s robotics and discrete automation division in China and ABB’s robotics business in China, said that from the second half of last year to the first half of this year, sales and output in the China market, especially in the automobile market, did decline. But these declines are short-lived. In the long run, ABB is still optimistic about the development of China market. The reason is that China is changing from "manufacturing" to "intelligent manufacturing" and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, and the basic elements of the market have not changed.

　　The epitome of the company’s optimism about the China market is that its new robot factory and R&D base in Shanghai have recently officially broken ground. The new factory is expected to be put into operation in 2021, with a total investment of 150 million US dollars (about 1 billion yuan). After completion, it will become ABB’s largest robot production base, and together with Swedish factories and American factories, it will form ABB’s global robot supply system.

　　Wang Hui, CEO of KUKA China, another "four families of global industrial robots", told The Paper that from the general trend, industrial robots still have a good development prospect in the next 10 to 20 years, although difficulties and constraints may be interspersed in the process. How does the hot artificial intelligence combine with industrial robots? How to move from concept to application? It is a trend worthy of attention in the future development of industrial robots.

　　Cao Yunan, general manager of Suzhou Ailite Robot Co., Ltd., a domestic industrial robot enterprise, also believes that the decline in sales of industrial robots in China is a temporary phenomenon. "Due to industrial upgrading, it is true that the 3C industry and the automobile industry are going downhill. But apart from these two traditional tracks, there are still many growing tracks for robot companies, such as logistics and consumer-oriented applications. "

　　At the press conference of Global Robotics 2019, Qu Daokui, chairman of China Robotics Industry Alliance and president of Xinsong Group, pointed out that in 2018, the sales volume of industrial robots in China declined for the first time, but the annual sales volume ranked first in the world for the sixth consecutive year, and the sales of self-owned brand robots maintained steady growth. Based on the current market situation and industry operation situation, China Robot Industry Alliance preliminarily predicts that the sales volume of industrial robots in China will increase by about 5% in 2019, among which the sales volume of self-owned brand industrial robots will increase by about 15%.

These actions hurt your knees more than running, and some people do them every day!

now

Exercise has become a "compulsory course" for many people every day.

And in many sports,

Running is deeply loved by many people.

Recently, a circle friend sent for help and said

There are all kinds of sayings about running on the Internet.

The most popular saying is that running will hurt your knees.

Is this really the case?

Zhao min

Peking University Third Hospital

Deputy chief physician of orthopedics

Does running really hurt your knees?

Improper running posture or excessive load is the most likely to damage the knee joint.

Incorrect running method exceeds the load of knee joint, which will easily lead to "running knee", which is a chronic overwork.

No matter ordinary people or athletes, they may encounter the problem of knee joint injury in sports, but the "running knee" only exists in the situation of knee overuse, which is related to personal sports and physical fitness.

Both sitting without running and high-intensity running can cause joint problems, and the prevalence rate is the lowest among people who run at leisure, so proper running is beneficial to joint health for ordinary people (non-athletes) as a whole.

Unscientific exercise is an important cause of knee injury. If you don’t warm up before running, it will have a huge impact on the meniscus and even cause comminuted fracture of the patella.

Incorrect running posture, too long exercise time, too high frequency and different physical qualities of individuals are all factors that cause knee joint injury.

Therefore, incorrect running methods or excessive use of knees will lead to knee injury, but you can’t stop exercising completely.

Action points:

Warm up for 5 ~ 10 minutes before jogging, and the duration of pure running is 30 ~ 60 minutes every day, so don’t care too much about the distance;

The body leans forward slightly, the arm swings naturally, and the forefoot touches the ground;

Keep the speed "breathing, heartbeat is slightly faster but you can talk normally";

Plastic ground, asphalt road, etc. are selected for the site, and cement ground is not recommended.

These movements hurt your knees the most.

Step 1 sit still for a long time

An internationally authoritative study once pointed out that the incidence of arthritis in fitness runners is 3.5%; For sedentary people, the incidence of arthritis is as high as 10.2%! Long-term sedentary articular cartilage will gradually lose nutrition and "starve to death". Therefore, proper exercise can prolong the life of the knee. But the premise is to master scientific methods and avoid unnecessary damage.

Step 2 climb mountains and stairs

Old people, overweight people and people with knee injuries had better crawl less. Don’t insist on climbing if your knees are uncomfortable.

When going up the mountain (stairs), the wrong posture can easily hurt the knee, and the knee will bear about three times its own weight.

When going down the mountain (stairs), the knee will not only bear the impact of the ground, but also increase the wear of the knee.

Therefore, it is not recommended to climb mountains and buildings as daily exercise.

Tip: There is a knee injury. When going upstairs, the good leg goes first, and when going downstairs, the bad leg goes first.

Step 3 jump rope

The risk of skipping rope to knee joint is mainly related to the venue.

Generally, the concrete floor downstairs in a residential area can’t provide an effective buffer for the impact force when skipping rope falls to the ground, and it is easy to hurt the knee for a long time.

Key points of skipping rope:

Choose plastic floor or cement floor to pave plastic mat;

When jumping, keep your feet close to avoid bending your knees greatly;

The take-off height is 2 ~ 4 cm to ensure that the skipping rope just passes through the soles of the feet;

Shake the rope with wrist strength and keep the big arm close to the trunk.

4. Riding a bike in the wrong posture

If you ride too hard, or take some wrong riding posture habits, it will also have certain health risks to your knees.

Action points:

The height of the seat is adjusted to: when the foot steps on the lowest position, the knee joint slightly bends about 170;

Hold your head high while riding, keeping your knees and toes facing forward;

Keep riding at a constant speed, and don’t suddenly increase the speed by force;

Exert force on the thigh and step on the pedal with the first third of the sole of your foot.

5. I don’t have exercise habits at ordinary times, and I suddenly run away.

For people who don’t have any exercise habits at ordinary times and sit for a long time every day, leg muscle strength is usually insufficient, and sudden long-term walking is easy to cause instability of knee joint position.

Suggestion: Try to avoid striding, don’t stretch your front legs too far, avoid tightening your legs or knees and step forward, so that your body can walk naturally, comfortably and moderately.

Step 6 sit cross-legged

When sitting cross-legged, the knee joint is in a state of flexion. Under the action of gravity, it will bear the sinking force, resulting in uneven stress on the inside and outside. Over time, the knee joint is also prone to deformation.

Suggestion: when you can’t help sitting cross-legged, bend only one leg at a time, try to be natural and comfortable, and don’t force your feet down, which can reduce the damage to your knees to some extent.

Step 7 squat for a long time

When the squatting posture is greater than 90 degrees, the compression of the medial knee joint will become larger, resulting in the wear of the medial patella.

Suggestion: Try to control the toilet time in squatting position within 3 minutes.

These symptoms appear in the knee joint.

May have suggested joint damage.

If you can’t remember your knee joint at all, first of all, it shows that it is healthy. When you start to pay attention to your knee joint, it may indicate that there are some problems with it.

Then there are probably two kinds of problems that often appear in our knee joint:

1. it hurts

This is the most common situation. Suddenly, I feel pain in my knee. The pain varies from light to heavy. Another is its position. If you touch your left knee with your palm, buckle the patella above your knee with the palm of your hand. After buckling it, when your thumb naturally droops, you can touch a gap. This is the gap on the inside of the knee. If this position is painful, you should be careful about meniscus or osteoarthritis. If this position is further up.

Step 2 make a noise

Sometimes there will be some noise in the knee joint, a crisp snap, without pain, which may be some physiological snap, such as synovial hyperplasia. If you have degenerative osteoarthropathy and arthritis, its noise is very characteristic, just like when you hold a handful of snow in winter, the snowball makes a creaking sound. This feeling of holding snow is a very typical manifestation of osteoarthritis, called bone rubbing sound.

You can protect your knees by sitting and lifting your legs.

The first method:

When the leg bends to 90 degrees, the calf and thigh are basically in a vertical state. At this time, you can slowly extend the leg from 90-degree knee flexion to straightness, and pause for 5~10 seconds. You should feel the muscles in front of the thigh, especially the muscles in the inner thigh, exerting force and straining, and then slowly relax it to the knee flexion position. This is the first time.

We can repeat this cycle for 20 ~ 30 times, and this is a group, and we can do 2 ~ 3 groups every day.

Note: If you feel tired the next day, it means that this intensity exercise is appropriate. If you feel relaxed after exercise, you may need to correct your movements or increase your strength and frequency.

The second method:

You can step on something under your feet. At this time, the angle of bending your knees is less than 90 degrees. Slowly straighten it, straighten it to the position of 0 degrees, keep it for 5~10 seconds, and do reciprocating training.

Leg-lifting in sitting position is suitable for both sick patients and healthy people. It is a very basic training, so everyone should develop such a habit, and its application scenario is very wide. You can do such a training whether you are in the office or on a business trip.

Note: If the joint is in the inflammatory stage of redness, swelling, heat and pain, you should rest instead of doing any strength training, even if it is mild, and you should wait until the inflammation is relieved, the symptoms are relieved, or even disappear before starting strength training.

These symptoms appeared in the knee joint.

May have suggested joint damage.

If you can’t remember your knee joint at all, first of all, it shows that it is healthy. When you start to pay attention to your knee joint, it may indicate that there are some problems with it.

Then there are probably two kinds of problems that often appear in our knee joint:

1. it hurts

This is the most common situation. Suddenly, I feel that my knee begins to hurt. The pain varies from light to heavy, and the other is its position. If you touch your left knee with your palm, use the palm of your hand to buckle the patella above your knee. After buckling it, when the thumb naturally droops, you can touch a gap. This is the gap inside the knee joint. If this position hurts, you really have to be careful. For example, there will be some problems like meniscus or osteoarthritis. If this position is higher or lower than the knee joint, it may come from the ligament, so we judge it according to the painful part.

Step 2 make a noise

You can protect your knees by sitting and lifting your legs.

The first method:

When the leg bends to 90 degrees, the calf and thigh are basically in a vertical state. At this time, you can slowly extend the leg from the 90-degree knee bend to the straight, and pause for 5~10 seconds. You should feel the muscles in front of the thigh, especially the muscles in the inner thigh, exerting force and tightening, and then slowly relax it to the knee bend position. This is a time.

We can repeat this cycle for 20 ~ 30 times, and this is a group, and we can do 2 ~ 3 groups every day.

Note: If you feel tired the next day, it means that this intensity exercise is appropriate. If you feel relaxed after exercise, you may need to correct your actions or increase your strength and frequency.

The second method:

You can step on a whole box of cans under your feet. At this time, the angle of bending your knees is less than 90 degrees. Slowly straighten it to the position of 0 degrees, keep it for 5~10 seconds, and do reciprocating training.

Six things to prolong the service life of the knee

Knee joint should be used sparingly, and only by protecting it can its service life be prolonged;

Step 1 control your weight

Patients with knee arthritis caused by overweight account for a large proportion of the sick population. Losing weight can greatly reduce the burden on weight-bearing joints and reduce wear and tear.

2. Exercise with restraint

The healthiest exercise program for joints is: 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical exercise every day, no less than 5 days a week.

Warm up before exercise, exercise and stretch properly. If you do strenuous exercise, warm-up time should not be less than 10 minutes.

When swimming, the body is basically parallel to the water surface, and the knee joint is basically free of load, so it is best for the knee joint. Freestyle and backstroke are more recommended to protect the knee joint.

3. Pay attention to joint warmth

Avoid cold and damp knees, and wear knee pads if necessary.

Step 4 supplement calcium

Especially women over 40. When osteoporosis occurs, joints are prone to illness.

5. Shoes should be suitable

Whether walking or other sports, you should choose a pair of suitable shoes. Sports shoes with elasticity, slightly thicker soles and slightly thicker heels are the best for joints.

6. Avoid continuously exerting force on joints.

Try to reduce squatting as much as possible. If you need to squat frequently, you’d better sit in a low position, such as sitting on a small bench. When sitting and standing for a long time, you should always change your posture to prevent your knee from being fixed in one posture and being strained.

Note: Don’t exercise easily when your knee hurts. If there is injury or pain in the knee, you should see a doctor in time and standardize the treatment. Consult a doctor and make a suitable recovery exercise plan according to your own situation and illness.

Knee pad tips

1. Improper running posture or excessive load is the most likely to damage the knee joint.

2. These actions hurt your knees the most: sedentary, skipping rope, climbing mountains and stairs in the wrong posture, riding a bicycle in the wrong posture, having no exercise habits at ordinary times, suddenly running away, sitting cross-legged and squatting for a long time.

3. These symptoms of knee joint may have indicated joint damage:

Pain: the gap inside the knee joint hurts, and there may be problems with meniscus or osteoarthritis;

Sound: Osteoarthrosis and arthritis will cause bone rubbing sound.

4. Sitting leg lifting is a basic training suitable for both sick patients and healthy people.

5. Extend the service life of the knee: control the weight, exercise with restraint, pay attention to joint warmth, supplement calcium, fit shoes, and avoid exerting force on joints continuously.

Mango TV Transformation, ＂Under the Sun＂ catch me if you can, both the editor and the director are excellent!

According to the past habits, most of the dramas broadcast by Mango TV can’t escape the youth idols and sweet pets, but the opening year of 2021 is really a big surprise. The New Year’s drama chosen by Mango TV is actually Under the Sunshine produced by Bona, a big play in catch me if you can, knowing that the villain is there, but for various reasons, he can’t be brought to justice immediately. You must also make a pretence with him and deal with dozens of criminal investigation dramas!

From the first two episodes, "Under the Sun" shows a sense of suspense and tension that is not lost to this year’s hot and foggy theater. After being hijacked by gangsters halfway, the female university teacher escaped calmly and tactfully, and found that the murderer at that time changed her identity and reappeared in her life seven months later. The old policeman, who has been suspicious of the case and carefully pursued it, was victimized by the gangster’s design step by step, but he secretly left a chess piece and ambushed the murderer. The killers with high IQ and high face value play with their prey in their hands like cats, as if they don’t mind that their minions also have deadly abilities!

Not only is the story tightly woven and full of unexpected suspense, but it is also excellent in actor performance. First of all, I have to talk about Mr. Wang Jinsong. Although he has been off the production line in the third episode, he has set a benchmark for all the actors in these two episodes. Moreover, Chen Jinyan, the old policeman he played this time, is completely different from the role he interpreted before. Besides the justice of the police, he also has a special human touch, especially for Xiaowu, played by Liu Kai, who used his own dead church as a street punk to mix responsibility and justice, which also made the story have a longer-term development.

Another surprise is Peng Guanying. I have always paid close attention to this actor, not only because of his outstanding appearance and good acting skills, but also because he can often give people a reasonable role and some unexpected feelings. For example, in The Longest Day In Chang’an, the hypocritical son, a few scenes can be impressive. This time, he played the roles of Feng Xiaosheng and Shen Shijie respectively. When he first appeared, several side shots were full of ferocity. After that, the chic and arrogance of staying at the group headquarters was still a true performance. When I arrived, I played with Ke Yingshi’s abnormal eyes, which can be regarded as the most creepy scenes at the end of 2020. However, in the face of martial arts, people have to believe that people are complex and fickle animals. Such polarized emotions and performances make Peng Guanying play incisively and vividly in a short series. I believe that after the broadcast of Under the Sun, he will soon become one of the most frightening characters on the screen after An Jiahe!

On the other hand, "Under the Sun" has not forgotten the theme of guiding people to be good in film and television works while making great suspense and puzzles of human nature. From the beginning to the end, there were old policeman Chen Jinyan, victim Ke Ying and bystander Xiaowu who spared no effort to work for justice and vowed to wipe out criminal gangs and murderers. Even in the face of life and death threats and various threats from family members and relatives, they never gave up their persistence, but became more determined and more skillful in fighting criminals and crimes.

2021 is coming soon. At this time, watch "Under the Sun" on Mango TV, feel catch me if you can, who is frightening and inspiring, and understand what "justice may be late, but it will never be late!"

Can swimming really cure children’s asthma？

　　Can swimming really cure children’s asthma?

　　Expert interpretation: This disease is difficult to cure and can only effectively avoid inducing factors.

　　Recently, some media reported that Sun Yue, a singer who left the stage for eight years, revealed in a recent program that she was actually treating asthma with her children after disappearing from public view for so long, and all the methods were exhausted, but the results were not satisfactory. Finally, the doctor suggested giving it a try by swimming, from swimming with her children three times a week to swimming with her every day, and finally cured her asthma. In this regard, the reporter interviewed Yao, the father of a Chinese medicine doctor, deputy director of the Department of Pulmonary Diseases of the Second Hospital of Jiangsu Province, and learned that asthma is a stubborn disease, and the possibility of complete cure is slim. Swimming, as a kind of exercise to help exercise cardiopulmonary function, can effectively control the onset of the disease, but once the vigilance is relaxed and the long-term care of prognosis is neglected, asthma may still "make a comeback".

　　"Asthma, as a chronic disease, mostly occurs in young children, and there is the possibility of continuing the whole life cycle of patients. If early detection and early intervention treatment can be carried out in childhood, the disease can be well controlled and the possibility of children’s asthma evolving into adult asthma can be reduced." Yao, the main father, said that children’s immunity and other aspects are still not well developed during their growth, but with the increase of age, their resistance is enhanced, their lung function is constantly developing, and the chances of respiratory virus infection are greatly reduced, so many children with asthma will obviously reduce their symptoms after puberty, or even stop having attacks, provided that some inducing factors, such as allergens, respiratory infections, tobacco smoke, strenuous exercise or mood swings, are effectively avoided.

　　Many people think that it is best for asthma patients not to exercise or reduce exercise to avoid aggravating the possibility of asthma attacks. In fact, this idea is very one-sided. According to Sun Yue’s words on the program, swimming is one of the effective ways to treat her son’s asthma. Patients can recover the development of lung function and strengthen their physique through exercise. Studies have found that the benefits of regular exercise for asthma patients far outweigh the risks.

　　In addition to swimming, moderate jogging, ball games and other aerobic exercises in which all large muscle groups participate are good choices. "Patients can carry out moderate-intensity exercise under the premise that professional doctors provide scientific and regular exercise guidance, and gradually increase the duration of exercise. Patients who are in the acute attack period are not advised to exercise. They need to follow the treatment specifications and take a full rest. At least two weeks after the asthma symptoms are controlled, they should exercise according to the actual situation. " Father Yao said.

　　"For asthma patients who have well controlled their illness, it does not mean that they have entered the’ safe box’. With the change of age and the decline of immune function, exposure to some allergens or respiratory infections will induce the recurrence of asthma." My father Yao reminded that asthma patients need to maintain good living habits for a long time, such as avoiding the inhalation of harmful gases such as lampblack, cigarettes and second-hand smoke, so as to avoid long-term and chronic irritation to the airway. Patients with allergic asthma with definite allergens should pay attention to isolating animal hair and pollen. In addition, obesity is also a risk factor for the recurrence of asthma, because excessive weight will limit the expansion of the chest and lead to dyspnea. Obesity is also related to the inflammatory reaction of the body, which will affect the control effect of asthma to some extent.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Xu Qianqian

Why are only dragons fictional in the zodiac？ How did the ancients come up with it？

This article is about 5600 words.

Reading takes 15 minutes.

Xi he Imperial Day, illustration, modern, Yan Xiaonan. Xi he is both the god of the sun and the god of making calendars. Gao You said in the note "Huainanzi Astronomical Training": "Ride by car every day, drive with six dragons, and xi he will control it."

It is generally believed that the dragon is an imaginary animal that does not exist in reality. However, human imagination is not rootless water, and any imagination must have its realistic prototype. Which animal did the dragon originate from in nature?

Dragon and snake entanglements

There have always been different opinions on the above question, including crocodile theory, lizard theory, snake theory, pig theory, dinosaur theory, hippo theory and horse theory, etc. At present, there is no conclusion. Among these animals, the relationship between snakes and dragons is quite intriguing. Dragons, like snakes, have long curved bodies that can be coiled and stretched.(The difference is that dragons have enough but snakes don’t). In many ancient books, dragons and snakes often go hand in hand. "Under the Yi Cohesion" records that "the trend of dragons and snakes is to survive"; In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong also said that "the dragon is like a snake, and the snake is like a dragon" in "On Balance and Telling Rui". Later, Bao Puzi, a book written in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, clearly pointed out: "There are dragons of nature, and there are dragons transformed from snakes." This sentence shows that at least some dragons evolved from snakes. So far, people have always called snakes "little dragons". In folklore, there is a story about the mutual change of dragons and snakes. It is said that there is a dragon in Tanzhe Temple in Beijing, which flew away on a stormy night, leaving two snake-like "dragons". In addition, there is a Bailong Temple on Mount Emei in Sichuan. Although the temple is named after the dragon, it commemorates the white snake in The Legend of the White Snake.(White Snake).

About because of this origin, the phenomenon that snakes and dragons are mixed and called is common in ancient books. People can often find the image of "human head snake body", such as Fuxi and Nu Wa. The Han Fu "Lu Lingguang Dian Fu" contains: "Fuxi scales, Nuwa snake body." Guo Pu, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote in The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Wild West Classic: "Nu Wa, an ancient goddess and emperor, has a snake-faced body, which changes from seventy to seventy in a day, and her abdomen becomes this god." Fuxi and Nu Wa are also snake heads in the Silk Painting of Fuxi Nu Wa Tu unearthed from Astana Tomb in Turpan, Xinjiang. "Liezi Huangdi" yue:

"Dong offer’s?(Fuxi), Nuwa, Shennong(Yan Di)Xia Houshi, a snake with a human face, a bull’s head and a tiger’s nose: this is inhuman and has the virtue of a great sage. "

Apart from Nvwa 、 Fuxi and Emperor Yan, there are many mythical figures in China who are also human heads and snakes. For example, "phase liu, nine faces, snake body and green", "Gong Gong, snake body and Zhu Fa" and so on. The most striking thing is that "Shan Hai Jing Overseas Western Classic" records: "The country of Xuanyuan … in the north of women’s country, people face the snake, and the tail meets the head." "Xuanyuan" is the title of Yellow Emperor. In the Ming Dynasty, Tao Zongyi said that Xuanyuan was "a dragon with a head" in Shuo cymbals. The same god is sometimes called "snake body" and sometimes called "dragon body". This proves that the two refer to the same thing, that is, the "snake body" is the "dragon body".

For such a phenomenon, Wen Yiduo thought in Fuxi Kao in his early years:

"The dragon totem, whether it is like a horse, a dog, a fish, a bird or a deer, is a snake in its trunk and basic form, which shows that in the era when many totem units were in the first place, the snake totem was the most powerful among them, and the merger and melting of many totems was the result of the merger and assimilation of many weak units."

From the viewpoint of "dragon and snake are integrated", among the many fairy animals with different forms and characteristics recorded in Shan Hai Jing, which can be regarded as a master of ancient myths, there are many who have "dragon bodies (snake bodies)". For example, "Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing" says: "From Tianyu Mountain to Nanyu Mountain, every 14 mountains, 6,530 miles, have a dragon body and a human face." When offering sacrifices to these mountain gods, a white dog is used as a sacrifice, and the polished rice used for the sacrifice is glutinous rice. "Shan Hai Jing Zhongshan Jing" is the cloud:

"Every shouyangshan, surrendered to the mountain as for the third mountain, jiusan, two hundred and sixty-seven. Its gods are all dragons and faces. "

The practice of offering sacrifices to these mountain gods is different. To preside over the sacrificial ceremony, a rooster should be buried in the ground as a living sacrifice. Cereal grains such as millet, millet, rice, sorghum and wheat should be used as the refined rice for sacrifice. In Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing, the "dragon with a human face" becomes a "snake with a human face". The so-called "from the mountain of a single fox to the dike mountain, where there are 25 mountains and 5,490 miles, their gods are all snake with a human face". When offering sacrifices to these gods, a rooster and a pig used as sacrifices should be buried in the ground, and a jade Jue should be used in the beautiful jade for offering sacrifices to the gods, only buried in the ground without using rice for offering sacrifices. The most peculiar thing is the mountain gods in Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing: "Where the South Second Classic is the first, from Guishan to Qiwu Mountain, where there are seventeen mountains, 7,200 miles, their gods are all dragons and birds." The appearance is different, and the way of sacrifice is naturally different. When offering sacrifices to these mountain gods, a jade jade must be buried in the ground with the sacrificed livestock, and the refined rice for the sacrifice should be used.

The picture of Fuxi Nuwa, in Tang Dynasty, is colored in silk, with a length of 220 cm and a width of 116.5 cm. It is now in the Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and was unearthed in Astana cemetery in Xinjiang in 1965.Fuxi and Nu Wa in the painting are the images of human heads and snake bodies.

In addition to these four-sided mountain gods, there are also records of "dragon (snake) body" gods in Shanhaijing, Xishan Classic and Overseas North Classic. For example:

"There is a god, and the human head is snake-shaped, long as a shaft, with a head on the left and right, purple clothes and a crown, which is called Yanwei."

"phase liu, nine faces, snake and green. Dare not shoot north, afraid of the stage of gong gong. Taiwan is in its east. "

In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, phase liu is a courtier of the water god Gong Gong. He can eat food from nine mountains, and the land he passes through becomes a swamp, making it difficult for birds to live and causing floods. By the way, phase liu appeared in the Hollywood movie "Fantastic Night at the Museum 3" ten years ago, but his image was depicted as a nine-headed python. In fact, this is not in line with the statement of "human head and snake body" in Shan Hai Jing.

Stills of the movie "Fantastic Night at the Museum 3". The prototype of Hydra comes from phase liu, who wrote "Nine human faces, the snake is green" in Shan Hai Jing. The film depicts it as a nine-headed python, which is actually not in line with the statement of "human head snake body" in Shan Hai Jing.

"Ying Long" has wings.

Shan Hai Jing, of course, does not lack the records of "complete form" dragons. The so-called "complete form" is the dragon image that people are familiar with today, that is, the "dragon has nine similarities" summarized by Luo Yuan in Er Ya Yi in Song Dynasty."Dragon, with horns like deer, head like camel, eyes like rabbits, neck like snakes, abdomen like salamanders, scales like fish, claws like eagles, palms like tigers, ears like cows."If the dragon grows wings again, it is called "ying"Dragon ". For example, Guo Pu notes: "Ying Long, the dragon has wings", and "Guangya Release Fish" also records: "Ying Long is called with wings."

There are also many records of Ying Long with wings in Shan Hai Jing. For example, The Wild North Classic records that when Chiyou led a group of monsters to attack the ground of Zhuolu under the jurisdiction of the Yellow Emperor, the Yellow Emperor first ordered Ying Long to go out to fight. Ying Long is good at storing water, and plans to drown the ranks of Chiyou in Jizhou wilderness with huge rain. Unexpectedly, the cunning Human-God was ready, so he invited Fengbo Rain Master to take the lead in setting up a big storm. Ying Long’s power was hard to exert for a while. When the Yellow Emperor saw it, he sent his heavenly daughter "Hao" to help. "Hao" has the ability to stop the wind and rain. At that time, Ying Long and Chi-you took advantage of the storm, unable to withstand it, and were defeated and killed. From the historical perspective, the battle between Huangdi and Chiyou was naturally early.The struggle between human tribes can never be assisted by gods as in the Romance of Gods. Ying Long, Chi-you, and even Fengbo Rain Master of Chi-you were probably just the names of the tribes at that time. Among them, the tribe named "Ying Long" takes some kind of winged dragon as its totem.

"Ying Long Painting Rivers", a sculpture, is located in Dayu Mythological Garden in Wuhan. The heckling words in "The Songs of the South" link Ying Long and Dayu’s water control. Dayu "tried his best to ditch the river and guide Sichuan and Yiyue", and Ying Long was ordered to open the way ahead. It draws the land with its tail, and wherever it is drawn, the river road it opens extends to where it is drawn.

In Shan Hai Jing, next, Ying Long pushed on and met Kuafu. Kuafu is a well-known mythical figure. Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing recorded: "Kuafu overreached himself, and wanted to pursue the scenery of the sun and caught it in Yugu. I will drink the river but not enough. I will go to osawa and die here before I arrive. " This is the famous story of "Kuafu chasing the sun". However, the same book also records another statement. "Ying Long has killed Chiyou and Kuafu, so he went to the south." In the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou, Kuafu sided with Chiyou and became the enemy of Ying Long. For these two different records, Guo Pu thought:

"Kuafu in Shangyun overreached himself and died in competition with Japan. Today, Fuyun was killed by Ying Long, and his death has no name. He sent it when he touched something, which shows that his changes are not square and cannot be measured."

Ying Long. There are many records of Ying Long with wings in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Map of Mountains and Seas: A Catalogue of Animals in the Classic of Mountains and Seas was painted by Li Yunzhong, People’s Literature Publishing House.

Ying Long defeated Chiyou first and then killed Kuafu, which made great contributions to the victory of the Yellow Emperor, but it also paid a heavy price for it. Shan Hai Jing Wild East longitude records that "Ying Long is in the South Pole, killing Chiyou and Kuafu", and he may also be weakened in the struggle, so he "can’t get back."(unable to return to heaven)",can only live in the northeast corner of the wild, there is a mountain called fierce plow mound". And the sky lacks the god of clouds and rain, so the drought in the lower bound has been going on for years. Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing said that after Ying Long killed Kuafu, he "went to the south, so it was rainy in the south". Guo Pu said: "It’s a long story, and it’s similar to each other." That is, where the dragon goes, the precipitation goes.

Two-wing Ying Long portrait brick, Han. Because Ying Long can make clouds make rain, when the drought is severe, people make Ying Long look like mud, sand and stones and pray.

Because Ying Long can make clouds make rain, when there is a serious drought, people make Ying Long look like mud, sand and stones, and pray, "Drought is like Ying Long, but heavy rain". In this way, there is another "earth dragon" in the dragon family, and the folk also have the custom of "repairing the earth dragon after drought". There are also many records about the earth dragon causing rain. Huai Nan Zi Shuo Shan Xun said that "saints use things, if they use Zhu Si to make friends with pigs, if they seek rain for the earth dragon".

As for the image and skills of Ying Long in ancient mythology, even Qu Yuan expressed doubts and feelings in Tian Wen: "What is Ying Long’s painting? What is the calendar of rivers and seas? " For this sentence, Wang Yi notes:

"When Yu treated the flood, a dragon painted the land with its tail. Those who guide the water should be decided, so they should be treated. "

HongXingZu note cloud:

"The" Mountain and Sea Classic Map "cloud, Xia Yu governs the water, and Ying Long draws the land with the tail."

The heckling words in "The Songs of the South" link Ying Long and Dayu’s water control. Dayu "tried his best to ditch the river and guide Sichuan and Yiyue", and Ying Long was ordered to open the way ahead. It draws the land with its tail, and wherever it is drawn, the river road it has opened extends to where it is drawn. If Dayu is a model of whole-hearted water control, then Ying Long can be regarded as the number one hero of Dayu’s charge. As for the realistic prototype of "Ying Long painted the land with the tail"(or the truth)Some scholars think that it is possible that Dayu got help from the clan with dragon totem in water control, or that it is a reflection of the joint water control of the clan with dragon totem; Mr Wen Yiduo thinks:

"The dragon who paints the land into a river is Yu himself, and the dragon who can paint the land into a river is the dragon who digs the river totem. It coexists with the ancestor Yu and is contradictory, so he sent the dragon as Yu’s teacher, saying that Yu’s method of water control came from the dragon."

In a word, such myths in Dayu’s water control are unlikely to be imagined out of thin air.

There are many dragons.

It is worth mentioning that the book Shu Yi Ji, written in the Southern Dynasties, also records:

"Hydra turned into a dumpling in 500 years, a dragon in 1,000 years, a horned dragon in dragon five in 100 years and a Ying Long in 1,000 years."

It can be seen that it takes thousands of years for Ying Long to grow up, which is the highest level of dragons-that’s why it grows wings. "Guang Ya Shi Guo" cloud:

"There are scales called dragons, wings called Ying Long, horns called a dragon, horns called a dragon, and dragons without horns called a dragon. Before ascending to heaven, they called a dragon."

It shows that the types of "dragons" described in ancient books are ever-changing and varied.

Although Shuo Yi Ji regards Jiao as the predecessor of Dragon, other ancient books don’t think so. The authoritative Shuo Wen Jie Zi clearly points out:

"Dumpling, the dragon is also. There are 3,600 fish in the pond, and the dumplings are long. "

There are many records about dumplings in Shan Hai Jing. For example, "Haineixijing" cloud:

"There are tree birds in Kaiming South, with six songs; Dumplings, scorpions, snakes, scorpions, leopards, and birds rank trees in the surface pond. "

Zhongshan Jing contains:

"Ten times once the first of jingshan mountain, yue wing at the mountain. Turbulent water flows out, and the east flows into the economy; When the water comes out, it flows to Han in the southeast, and many of them are awkward. "

Although these records only refer to "Jiao" but not "Dragon", in fact "Jiao" refers to "Dragon". Because Guo Pu said, "Dumplings are like snakes, with four legs and dragons."

From the records of Shan Hai Jing, Jiao(dragon)Living in all kinds of rivers. It didn’t leave a good impression in the minds of the ancients. According to the Records of Collected Notes, according to legend, during the Tang and Yao Dynasties, there was a big dumpling, "Three rivers overflowed and the sea was in the same stream", and its prototype was obviously an aquatic animal. In the famous story of "eliminating three evils around", one of the evils refers to "dumpling under the long bridge". Guo Pu commented:

"Dumpling is like a snake, but its four feet are small, its head is thin, its neck is covered with white scabies, and the big ones are more than a dozen. Its eggs are like a stone urn, which can swallow people."

These characteristics are easily reminiscent of crocodiles in reptiles. However, there is only one kind of crocodile living in China today, that is, the Chinese alligator living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, this kind of animal has a mild temperament and there are few records of attacking people since ancient times. Obviously, this can’t be related to the dumpling that can swallow people. Fortunately, it is also recorded in the history books that there was an "alligator disaster" in the Hanjiang River Basin in Lingnan in the Tang Dynasty. When Han Yu, a famous writer in Tang Dynasty, was demoted to Chaozhou, he tried to warn crocodiles and throw pigs and sheep into evil streams.(now Hanjiang, Guangdong)Tell the crocodile to leave, otherwise it will be slaughtered, and write down the famous prose "Sacrificing Crocodiles". Since Han Yu mentioned that crocodiles "eat people, livestock, bears, roes, deer and roes to fatten their bodies", it shows that this kind of crocodile is not so docile as the Chinese alligator, but it is similar to the living habits of the Gulf Crocodile that still lives in Southeast Asia today. The latter is the largest reptile in the world, with a fierce temperament. It not only eats animals in the water, but also often hurts people ashore, posing a great threat to the production and life of the ancients. According to the latest research results, this crocodile, which was "infested everywhere" in the Tang Dynasty, is an extinct branch of the alligator, known as the Chinese Hanyu crocodile.（Hanyusuchus sinensis）. Perhaps it was out of awe of this fierce crocodile that the ancients mixed with the concept of snakes and mythologized it as a "dragon".

Tiger dumpling. Guo Pu commented that "a dumpling is like a snake, but its four feet are small, its head is thin, its neck is covered with scabies, and the big one is more than ten, and its eggs are like a stone urn, which can swallow people". These characteristics are easily reminiscent of crocodiles in reptiles.

Bronze dragon, Han, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, USA. Similar to Jiao, Jilong is also a hornless dragon. Shuowen said that it is "yellow if it is a dragon" or "it is said that it has no horns".

Similar to Jiao, Jilong is also a hornless dragon. Shuowen says that it is "yellow if it is a dragon" and "stinging if it has no horns". There is a story in Huainanzi that a dragon is better than a snake eel: one day, a red dragon is killed.(without horns)And a blue dragon.(angular)Roaming together, came to Jizhou ground. At this time, the weather is refreshing and the earth is stable. When a dragon and a dragon find delicious food, they eat it with relish. Because the range of activities is within 100 acres, it is despised and laughed at by a snake and an eel. They shouted, "Hey, dragon, dragon, dare you go to the river and sea with us?" A dragon and a dragon accepted the challenge, so "the wind and the freezing rain rocked up" and "moved the world and vibrated the sea", which scared the snakes and eels into the deep mud and dared not come out.

On the other hand, although dragons are miraculous, there is still a striking situation in ancient myths, that is, dragons are often used as the object of command by people with noble status. In this regard, "Shan Hai Jing" records that "Ju Mang in the East, birds and faces, take two dragons"; "Western Ru Shou, with a snake in its left ear, rides two dragons"; "Northern Yujiang, black hands and feet, riding two dragons"; "Zhu Rong in the south, a beast with a face, rides two dragons". Thus, the dragon is the mount of the four gods. Gao You also said in his note "Huai Nan Zi Tian Xun", "Ride by car every day, drive with six dragons, and xi he will conquer it."

In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, The Wild West Sutra, the ancient emperors were even seated on the dragon:

"Outside the southwest sea, south of Chishui and west of quicksand, there are two green snakes and two dragons, named Xia Hou Kai. If you go to heaven for three times, you will get the following nine arguments and nine songs. This field of great mu is 2,000 meters high, and it won the opening song "Nine strokes". "

Kai is the son of Yu and the first "hereditary" monarch in China’s ancient historical records. It goes without saying that in ancient mythology, this element of revealing identity through "Lapras", "Imperial Dragon" or "Driving Dragon" has also become a common means of deifying monarchical power in later generations.

References:

Pang Jin’s Exploration of loong Culture in 8,000 Years

The Origin and Evolution of Chinese Dragon Culture by Wang Liquan

A Study of the Word "Dragon" in Shan Hai Jing by Mei Shanying

The Dragon and Its Cultural Connotation in Shan Hai Jing by Gao Wang Fei.

Ding Junhui will avenge Stephen Chow’s supporting role as the snooker UEFA Cup starts soon.

Still from Descendants of the Dragon, but Jimmy White ranks sixth in the world.

　　Sohu Sports News The new season snooker Super League (the domestic media used to call it the "Snooker League Cup") will start on September 6, local time in the UK. Ding Junhui, a billiards player from China, will face Jimmy White, the runner-up of the 6th World Championships, in the first stage group match in the early morning of September 7th, Beijing time. The British Sky Sports Channel will broadcast live, and Sohu Sports will report the game at the first time.

　　Snooker Super League is a non-professional ranking match. Its organizer is not the official organization of the Snooker League, but two senior players, Jimmy? White and Steve? Davis’s agency-—Matchroom Spor, but its high bonus and high level are obvious to all. Seven players with strong strength and influence can be invited to participate in this competition.

　　This year’s seven contestants are Stephen Haendly, Steve Davis, Jimmy White, Ronnie O ‘Sullivan, John Higgins, last season’s MVP Neil Robertson and China’s Ding Junhui.

　　The Super Snooker League adopts a single-round group match system in which seven players play first, that is, each player has to fight with other players once again, playing 6 games, winning a game and scoring 2 points, drawing 1 point and losing 0 point. At the end of the round robin, the top four players will play in the semi-finals, and the winner will play in the final. The Premier League has been held for 21 times so far, with Stephen Haendly and Rocket O ‘Sullivan winning the championship the most times, both six times.

　　Last season, Xiaoding reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, but because of the conflict with the Asian Games, he resolutely gave up the 12,500-pound semi-final prize and the 50,000-pound championship prize that he was likely to win. Rockets O ‘Sullivan swept Jimmy White 7-0 in the final, who happened to be Xiaohui’s first-round opponent this season.

　　Jimmy White is the favorite of British and Taiwanese fans, because he has always pursued perfect playing style and has the nickname of "People’s Champion". In the mid-1980s, Jimmy White was the most threatening opponent of Steve Davis, who won the runner-up in the World Championships six times and was awarded the title of "uncrowned king". An important reason why Jimmy White is known to China fans is that he played a supporting role in the comedy "Descendants of the Dragon" of China, Hongkong and Stephen Chow.

　　In recent years, with the growth of age, Jimmy White’s state has obviously declined. In the first round of the 2006 World Championships, Jimmy White lost to his training partner David 5-10. Gray, the world professional ranking fell out of the top 32 for the first time in 25 years. In the 2007 World Championships, Jimmy White stopped qualifying and didn’t even make it to the Shanghai Masters, the first stop of the season. He is a veritable "out of date" star.

　　Ding Junhui and Jimmy White had played four times before, and Xiaohui had 3 wins and 1 loss, which was the absolute advantage. The specific engagement records are as follows:

　　Ding Junhui, 2004 British Open, 5:1 Jimmy White;

　　Ding Junhui 4:2 Jimmy White in Super Snooker League in 2005;

　　2005 All England Championship Ding Junhui 9:2 Jimmy White;

　　Ding Junhui 1:5 Jimmy White in the Super Snooker League in 2006;

　　Although Xiaohui has an absolute advantage in the battle record match, you must not be careless in the first battle. Last season, Ding Junhui won the North Aier Cup in the first stop, and played against White in a good state and record, while White had a poor state and record before. As a result, Xiaohui unexpectedly lost 1-5. This game is also a revenge game for Xiaohui.

　　In addition, the snooker Super League is of great significance to White, and it is his signature event. It will definitely put all its efforts and attach great importance to it. Only six games belong to the short-term competition system, and the chance of surprise is very great. Xiaohui’s state in the Shanghai Masters just attended is not good, and it needs to be adjusted. However, considering all the circumstances, Xiaohui has a good chance of winning. Specifically, Xiaohui’s chance of winning is 60%, while White’s is 40%. In the odds offered by bwin, a famous European gambling company, Xiaohui is obviously optimistic, and the odds gap with White is as much as 20 times.

Editor: Lu Fangfei

Tourists take photos with RMB scenery. Designer： It’s a combined landscape.

　　Figure ①: The fifth set of RMB 100 yuan with the back pattern "Great Hall of the People".

　Fig. ②: The fifth set of RMB 20 yuan back pattern "Guilin Landscape".

　Fig. ③: The fifth set of RMB 10 yuan back pattern "Three Gorges Kuimen".

　　The Great Hall of the People, Potala Palace, Guilin Landscape, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Mount Tai, and San Tan Yin Yue are all the buildings and scenery behind the fifth set of RMB banknotes. Why did you choose them as the main scene on the back? Can the photos taken by framing be directly used on paper money? Recently, the reporter came to China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation and visited the people who had participated in the design and production of the fifth set of RMB in that year to reveal the secrets of the scenery on RMB for you.

　　Theme design

　　Beijing West Railway Station and Jiuquan Launch Site were once candidates.

　　Everyone knows that the fifth set of RMB was officially listed and issued in 1999. In fact, the design and development of this set of RMB started as early as 1988, and its design process is also very complicated and tortuous.

　　The design of the theme alone has undergone many changes. In the fourth set, the front main view of RMB is the head of representative national figures in China, and the back main view is based on the famous mountains and rivers such as the main peak of Jinggangshan and Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River, which embodies the theme of high spirits and unity of people of all ethnic groups in China. What is the good theme in the fifth set?

　　The first theme given by the designer is ancient historical figures, in the order of dynasties. Kong Qiu and Qu Yuan in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Sima Qian and Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty were all selected. The second theme is contemporary leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. The third theme is the head of Mao Zedong on the front and the famous scenery and buildings in China on the back, highlighting the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.

　　In the process, some leaders suggested that nanpu bridge, Beijing West Railway Station, "Three North" Shelterbelt, Jiuquan Launch Site and so on could be added to the ticket.

　　In fact, China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation has designed color drafts of these schemes and submitted them to the People’s Bank of China, and the People’s Bank of China has submitted them to the State Council for discussion. What is finally confirmed is what we see now. On the front, Mao Zedong’s head is adopted, and on the back, famous buildings and landscapes such as the Great Hall of the People and Potala Palace are selected from China’s historical sites and buildings and landscapes.

　　There are so many scenic spots in China, why are these selected? The most basic principle is not to use the scenery that has been used before. "Let people know at a glance where it is, have a special status and popularity, and be expressive", which is the standard in one of the designers’ mind. Although it may not be possible to cover the factors considered by every designer, after hundreds of repeated discussions and verifications by designers, the victories of Potala Palace and Mount Tai are truly deserved.

　　"It was once suggested that Huangshan Mountain be used on the back of 50 yuan, but after discussion, everyone thought that Huangshan Mountain had been used before, and the Potala Palace not only reflected the elements of national unity, but also added a lot to its religious significance." Liu Yongjiang, director of the product development office and head of the fifth RMB design, said.

　　Field shooting

　　The mysterious collector of the West Lake has to take a close-up shot in the rain.

　　In the minds of employees of banknote printing and minting companies, RMB is an "outstanding representative product" they produce, hoping to be recognized and loved by the people. However, after all, RMB has its own particularity, so that it is kept secret throughout the design and production process, and even it is difficult for ordinary people to see it until the moment it comes out. Kong Wei Yun, a sculptor of RMB, told the reporter an interesting story that happened during the filming.

　　In those days, Kong Wei Yun went to the West Lake in Hangzhou to collect the wind and print the moon on the three pools behind the 1 yuan paper money. According to the confidentiality regulations, only the director of the currency issuance department of the local people’s bank knew the purpose of his visit and arranged his accommodation and itinerary. Unfortunately, the day of collecting the wind just happened to catch up with the rain.

　　There are regulations in the West Lake that you can’t go out when it rains, and you can’t shoot Santan at close range without taking a boat. What should I do? Kong Weiyun told the boatman that he was an advertising company, and his task was urgent. He would return to Beijing tomorrow, and he had to shoot today. The boatman said that he would sail, but there must be two guests on board, so Kong Weiyun had to pay for a tour guide.

　　Finally, the ship sailed successfully, but the route was not satisfactory. The boats in the scenic spot all have a fixed driving route and time, but Kong Wei Cloud has its own specific shooting point, so we can only spend more money to let the boatmen temporarily change the route and add time. "The boatman still wondered and asked me why I didn’t see so many beautiful scenery in the West Lake."

　　Do we have to photograph the real thing? Kong Weiyun said that unlike designers who can find inspiration by looking at albums, as sculptors, they must see the details. If you don’t look at the details, you don’t know how to do the edges and corners when carving, and you don’t know what the patterns and patterns on Santan stone carving are. Because he couldn’t tell the boatman his true intention, Kong Weiyun joked that he was a "mysterious collector of the West Lake".

　　In the fifth set of RMB design stage, Kong Wei Yunhe and other designers and sculptors were also pulled into a small building at the foot of the Great Wall to "lock up" for two weeks’ closed creation. There are no "outsiders" here, and they eat and live in the building. Because the mobile phone was not popular and the transportation was inconvenient at that time, it can be said that it was really isolated from the world and the confidentiality work was done quite well.

　　"combined" landscape

　　Want to take pictures of the scene? Actually, it can’t be completely matched

　　After the introduction of the fifth set of RMB, the back scenery became a hot topic, and tourists took RMB to take photos of the back scenery, but designer Li Zhinong told you, "Forget it, you can’t find exactly the same place."

　　Li Zhinong told reporters that unlike the previous sets, the fifth set of RMB clearly stated that "combined" scenery can be used. In other words, what you see on the back of the paper money, such as the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, the Three Ponds and the Moon, is difficult to find exactly the same angle to shoot again in reality. They are combined "brand-new" landscapes.

　　Take Mount Tai as the most representative, the unique stone carving of Wuyue, the Southern Gate of Heaven and the Jade Emperor’s Peak are all symbolic symbols of Mount Tai, but it is difficult for tourists to find a place to photograph these three elements. Why do you want to put them together? Li Zhinong said that the characteristics of Mount Tai are not very prominent. It is difficult to tell if it is Mount Tai only by depicting the mountain features. Therefore, in order to better show the grandeur of Mount Tai and facilitate identification, all three elements are simply integrated into one picture.

　　Similarly, after a large number of multi-angle shooting in the early stage, in order to make the composition more beautiful, the designers also "moved" the positions of several distant mountains in Guilin Mountain, "moved away" some mounds near Potala Palace, and "depressed" the grandeur of the distant mountains, making the pillars as the decoration of the Great Hall of the People, the five-pointed stars and lights of the dome become its background … …

　　"There is actually no close correspondence between color and face value. One hundred yuan is red, but once one yuan was used in red." Liu Yongjiang said that colors serve the theme, and they should ensure that different denominations cannot be confused and easy to distinguish.

　　Of course, how to design is not up to one person, and it can even be said that every link of RMB design has the hard work of countless people. Not only do designers choose scenery and design angles to draw sketches, but also some people draw sketches to improve them, and sculptors use dotted lines to shape scenery … … Every draft of design, painting and sculpture will be different. After each link, the scenery may change slightly. "Because of the technological restrictions and anti-counterfeiting requirements, the scenery on the banknotes must stand scrutiny and picky." Liu Yongjiang said.

Swimming an hour to eliminate 1000 calories？ Why are you getting fatter and fatter？

　　Many people say that swimming is one of the best exercises to lose weight. Swimming for one hour can eliminate 1000 calories, which is almost the sum of the calories a person needs in a day.

　　Does this mean that as long as you swim for an hour, the calories you eat in a day will disappear? Can it really consume that much? Then why do some people get fatter after swimming?

　　How many calories can swimming consume?

　　In fact, swimming consumes 1000 calories per hour, which is not accurate and comprehensive. The amount of heat consumed per hour varies greatly with different intensities of swimming.

　　According to the data of "Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016)", a 66 kg male, with an average freestyle/backstroke of 30 minutes, consumes 264 kilocalories; Breaststroke for 30 minutes consumes 330 kilocalories; Butterfly swimming consumes the most calories, which is 363 kilocalories.

　　In contrast, a 56 kg woman spends an average of 30 minutes in freestyle/backstroke, consuming 224.1 kilocalories; Breaststroke for 30 minutes consumes 279.9 kilocalories; The maximum calorie consumption of butterfly stroke is 308.1 kilocalories.

　　Although you don’t exercise for an hour and consume 1000 calories, it is undeniable that swimming does burn fat. In contrast, a 66 kg man jogs for 30 minutes on average and consumes 231 kilocalories. A 56 kg woman jogs for 30 minutes on average, and consumes 195.9 kilocalories. In addition, another advantage of swimming is that there is no damage to the knees.

　　Why did you get fat after swimming?

　　But why do some people get fatter and fatter after swimming? First of all, it has much to do with how much you eat. Dr. Wu Xi, an associate professor in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, pointed out that losing weight actually creates a calorie gap and consumes a lot of calories, but it is impossible to lose weight by taking more. People usually feel hungry after swimming and want to eat food with high fat content. Some people feel that they consume so many calories, and when they get home, they can eat some high-calorie foods with peace of mind, not only will they not lose weight, but they will also get fatter and fatter. Sometimes, after swimming for an hour, a bottle of coke will offset it.

　　You should still eat some foods with high fiber and low calorie before and after swimming, including bananas and tomatoes. It is not good to eat when you are hungry, which is easy to cause overeating.

　　Dr. Wu Xi pointed out that exercise to lose weight should be a long-term and persistent lifestyle, and weight loss should also be a gentle process. As long as you persist in sports with enough intensity for more than half an hour every day and keep your heart rate at 120-150 times per minute, you will eventually see results.

　　Of course, there is another possibility. If you find that you gain weight after an exercise, it may be caused by drinking more water after exercise. If you gain weight after a period of exercise, it may be that the proportion of muscle has increased and the proportion of fat has decreased. Because of the high density of muscles, muscles with the same volume are much heavier than fat, so despite the weight recovery, the weight loss effect has actually been achieved, and the body will look more compact.

　　"Of course, in addition to aerobic training, resistance exercise is also very important for improving basic metabolism and body shaping; Muscle training first, then aerobic exercise such as swimming and running can also prevent joint injury. Every week, 1-2 times, 30-45 minutes of resistance exercise, or HIIT exercise program (high-intensity interval training), which can effectively maintain and increase muscles. " Dr. Wu Wei said.

　　We should pay attention to these problems when swimming safely.

　　Summer is the season of rapid growth of various pathogenic microorganisms and high incidence of various ocular surface diseases, and the average infection rate is twice as high as that in winter, especially in public swimming pools. If the disinfection measures are not strict, it will easily lead to the spread of pinkeye (infectious conjunctivitis). So how to prevent it? Can I swim during my period? The reporter interviewed relevant experts.

　　Dr. Hong Jiaxu, an attending ophthalmologist at the Eye, Otolaryngology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University and a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School, suggested that you should choose a regular swimming place to ensure the water quality and wear goggles before entering the water. Regular swimming pools will sterilize the water source, but once one or two patients with pink eye enter the swimming pool, they may still infect other people.

　　Pink eye disease is mainly transmitted through contact, such as towels, face plates, eye drops, coins, keyboards, door handles, faucets and so on. After touching things with germs, rubbing your eyes with dirty hands is more likely to infect bacteria. Therefore, the management of swimming pools should also strengthen supervision, prevent patients with pink eye from swimming, and strengthen the sterilization of water sources. In addition, patients with pink eye should also be conscious, swimming may aggravate their condition, so they should not go swimming in public swimming pools again. In addition, everyone should also pay attention to personal hygiene, wash their hands frequently, and don’t cross-use daily necessities such as towels.

　　Huang Weihong, deputy director of obstetrics and gynecology department of Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, pointed out that some women think that they can get into the water safely by using tampons or moon cups during menstruation, but this method is not desirable. Women’s vagina is connected with the outside world, which provides the possibility for bacterial infection. Moreover, the cervix of the uterus is relatively dilated during menstruation, and the blood flowing out of the uterus during menstruation itself is a good culture medium for the reproduction of germs. After the tampon is soaked in water, germs can easily enter the body, causing reproductive system infection.

　　"Of course, if you enjoy the environment very much when traveling, and women are at the end of their menstrual period, if you really want to go into the water, it is not bad to use tampons or menstrual cups, but swimming during menstruation for a long time will increase the chance of infection, which is definitely not recommended."

　　Dr. Huang Weihong said, "Female swimming during menstruation is prone to reproductive system infection or menstrual disorder, and it will not be cured for a long time."

　　Dr. Huang Weihong warned that if you swim in unsanitary water, dirty water can enter the vagina, and germs can take the opportunity to cause various diseases. Although the water in the swimming pool is disinfected circularly, it is impossible to be sterile, and there is no guarantee if it is not disinfected thoroughly in some places. There are many swimmers with tinea corporis, tinea pedis, trachoma, fungal vaginitis or trichomonal vaginitis, and even patients with gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum. They bring pathogens into the pool water and easily infect healthy swimmers.

The news of the snow has been confirmed. It is freezing in Zhejiang, and there is sunshine on New Year’s Eve.

Chao news client reporter Fang Li

Recently, it has been overcast with rain in Zhejiang Province, with obvious rain today (February 3-4), and the precipitation was suspended on the 5th, and the freezing rain and snow weather resumed on the 6th-7th.

Let’s stick to it for a few more days. Judging from the current weather situation, the weather in Zhejiang on New Year’s Eve was good, accompanied by sunshine, and the temperature began to rise.

West Lake misty rain user sea photo

Affected by cold air, the daytime was still cold yesterday. At 15 o’clock yesterday, the temperature in all parts of Zhejiang was low. Huzhou was only 2.9℃, and southern Zhejiang was relatively warmer. The temperature in many areas dropped by more than 10℃ compared with the same time the day before. At night, the water vapor strengthened again and the rain increased again.

Today, there are sometimes showers in cloudy weather in the whole province, and more rain will appear tomorrow, with moderate rain and partial heavy rain in the whole province.

For example, in Hangzhou, due to the eastward movement of the deep south branch trough, the Jianghuai cyclone was also born in the southwest airflow in front of the trough and the easterly airflow at the bottom of the northern high pressure. At the same time, the water vapor condition of precipitation in Hangzhou has been strengthened and the dynamic conditions have become more sufficient. The whole city of Hangzhou will experience moderate rain and partial heavy rain.

In the next few days, the rain will stop all over the province on the 5 th, mainly cloudy weather. However, due to the influence of multiple cold air, the temperature will drop further.

The coldest day is February 6, and it is predicted that Zhejiang will join the "ice and snow group chat" on this day.

Since the 6th, the warm and humid air flow has been strengthened again, and combined with the low temperature, it is easy to change the phase of rain and snow.

In the morning, the temperature fell below the freezing point again, and the lowest temperature in most parts of the province was 0 ~-2 C with thin ice and-3 ~-5 C with freezing. The highest temperature during the day is only about 2℃ in northern Zhejiang.

It is estimated that there will be sleet or snow in the mountainous areas of central and northern Zhejiang on June 6-7, and there will be sleet locally in the plain areas.

The rainy weather in Zhejiang will last until the 7th, and it will turn cloudy to cloudy on the 8th.

From this point of view, despite the baptism of rain and rain before the festival, on New Year’s Eve, we can finally be accompanied by winter sunshine.

Hangzhou’s red wall Bai Mei netizen sea photo

Let’s draw the key points again-

It was rainy in our province before New Year’s Eve, and there was low temperature, rain and snow freezing in the mountains on June 6-7. 2-5 days, there is a wide range of rain, snow and freezing weather in central and eastern China.Friends who have plans to return home should plan their itinerary in advance to ensure safe travel.

Medium-range weather forecast

4th (Sunday): There is moderate rain in the whole province, and partial heavy rain in northern and western Zhejiang.

5th (next Monday): The whole province is cloudy.

Day on the 6th (next Tuesday): It is cloudy to cloudy in the southwest of Zhejiang, and it turns cloudy with light rain in the afternoon; Cloudy to cloudy in other areas.

6th night-7th (next Wednesday): There is little to moderate rain in the province, and there is sleet or light snow in the mountainous area of central and northern Zhejiang.

8th (next Thursday): The northern part of Zhejiang is cloudy to cloudy, while the rain in other areas gradually stops and turns cloudy.

9th (next Friday): Cloudy to sunny in the whole province.

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Reporting/feedback

Warm stomach and warm heart! Returned workers in Neijiang Economic Development Zone have a hot group annual banquet.

Neijiang News of Sichuan Economic Net (Reporter Mao Chunyan’s text/map) The end of the year is the peak period for migrant workers to return home. On January 30th, organized by the Neijiang Economic Development Zone Federation of Trade Unions, 100 representatives of returning migrant workers from this area came to Chang ‘an Village, Jingmin, where they gathered together to share the feast of the Year of the Communist Youth League, reminisce about their hometown and welcome the Spring Festival.

site of activity

Near noon, the smell of food began to waft in the courtyard dam of Chang ‘an Village Party-Mass Service Center. The reporter came to the scene to see that more than 10 tables of annual banquets were laid out in turn, and representatives of returning workers from all walks of life in the whole region were seated, sharing bowls, handing chopsticks and pouring drinks. Everyone was polite to each other, and the sound of reminiscence and laughter continued.

Soon, a series of steaming and delicious dishes were served on the table: sweet and boiled, sweet but not greasy, steamed crispy meat crisp and tender, braised beef soft and rotten, and Sam Sun soup delicious … "These meals are delicious! Delicious! I want two more bowls today! " Eating authentic hometown food, He Bo, a representative of returning workers, said happily.

site of activity

"Over the past year, the vast number of workers have actively participated in the fiery practice of" fighting for the economy and building ".Everyone has worked hard, silently contributed and strived for self-improvement, creating a good living environment for their families and setting a good image for their hometown." Zhu Jun, vice chairman of the Neijiang Economic Development Zone Federation of Trade Unions, expressed his gratitude to the workers for their hard work. He hoped that in the new year, everyone would continue to work hard, make positive progress and write a happier and better life with practical actions.

"I used to work outside and rarely went home. I finally came back this time and saw that my hometown has changed a lot and developed very well. I am sincerely happy! " Wang Jun, a representative of returning migrant workers, said that he did not intend to go out to work this year, but wanted to find a company at the "doorstep" to make his own contribution to the development of his hometown.

Recruitment activities

On the day of the group annual banquet, the Neijiang Economic Development Zone Federation of Trade Unions also presented Spring Festival couplets to representatives of returning workers and distributed home-going gift packages; The Employment and Social Security Bureau of the Joint District conducted on-site recruitment activities, providing more than 900 job information of 14 enterprises; Cooperate with Neijiang Rural Commercial Bank to carry out financial knowledge publicity activities and protect the "money bag" of returning workers with heart and affection.

月度归档 2024年2月29日