Influenza (hereinafter referred to as "influenza") is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is harmful to human health. People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, and the high-risk groups such as pregnant women, infants, the elderly and patients with chronic diseases are more harmful after being infected with influenza. Influenza outbreaks are prone to occur in places where people gather, such as schools, kindergartens and nursing homes. Vaccination against influenza every year is an effective means to prevent influenza and reduce the burden of influenza-related severe illness and death, which can reduce the health hazards caused by influenza-related diseases and the run on medical resources. In order to better guide the prevention and control of influenza and the use of vaccines in China, on September 5th, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued the Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccination in China (2023-2024).
The updated contents of the new edition of the guide mainly include the following aspects:
First, new research evidence has been added, especially the research results in China, including the burden of influenza disease, vaccine effect, vaccine safety monitoring, vaccine vaccination cost-effectiveness and so on;
Second, the policies and measures on influenza prevention and control issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention in the past year have been updated;
Third, the types of influenza vaccines listed in China in 2023-2024 were updated;
Fourth, the trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccine components of this year were updated;
Fifth, the influenza vaccination recommendations for 2023-2024 were updated.
The guideline suggests that all people who are over 6 months old and have no vaccination contraindications should be vaccinated against influenza. Combined with the epidemic situation of influenza and the prevention and control strategy of multi-disease prevention, the harm of influenza is reduced as much as possible, and the following key and high-risk groups are recommended to be vaccinated in time:
1 medical personnel, including clinical rescue personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.;
2. Older people aged 60 and over;
3. People suffering from one or more chronic diseases;
4. Vulnerable people and employees in gathering places such as old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions and welfare homes;
5. Pregnant women;
6. Children aged 6-59 months;
7. Family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months old;
8. People in key places such as kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and supervision places.
In terms of inoculation times, it is suggested that:For inactivated influenza virus vaccine, children aged from 6 months to 8 years old, if they have not been vaccinated with influenza vaccine before, should be vaccinated twice for the first time, with an interval of ≥4 weeks; In 2022-2023 or before, one dose or more of influenza vaccine will be vaccinated; Children and adults aged 9 years and above need only be vaccinated once regardless of whether they have been vaccinated with influenza before. For live attenuated influenza virus vaccine, no matter whether it has been vaccinated with influenza vaccine or not, only one dose is given.
There are many flu vaccines, how to choose them?
According to the types of influenza viruses, influenza vaccine can be divided into trivalent and tetravalent. Trivalent influenza vaccine includes three types of influenza viruses: H1N1, H3N2 and Victoria, which can prevent the infection of these three types of influenza viruses. The tetravalent influenza vaccine contains more Yamagata influenza virus B than trivalent influenza vaccine, which has not been popular for many years. According to the 34th week influenza surveillance data released by China National Influenza Center last week, the current epidemic strain is mainly A, accounting for more than 90%.
At present, our city mainly supplies the following three types of vaccines:
? Tetravalent influenza virus split vaccine
? Trivalent influenza virus split vaccine
? Trivalent freeze-dried nasal spray live attenuated influenza vaccine
Members of the public are advised to complete vaccination before the influenza epidemic season. For people who can be vaccinated with different types or different manufacturers of vaccine products, the recipients (or their guardians) can voluntarily choose to vaccinate any kind of influenza vaccine, without priority recommendation. In the same epidemic season, people who have completed the whole vaccination according to the vaccination procedure do not need to be vaccinated again. Pregnant women can be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine at any stage of pregnancy and use it according to the instructions.
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