西安夜生活网论坛,西安耍耍网,西安品茶网 – 第 25 页

Why are only dragons fictional in the zodiac？ How did the ancients come up with it？

This article is about 5600 words.

Reading takes 15 minutes.

Xi he Imperial Day, illustration, modern, Yan Xiaonan. Xi he is both the god of the sun and the god of making calendars. Gao You said in the note "Huainanzi Astronomical Training": "Ride by car every day, drive with six dragons, and xi he will control it."

It is generally believed that the dragon is an imaginary animal that does not exist in reality. However, human imagination is not rootless water, and any imagination must have its realistic prototype. Which animal did the dragon originate from in nature?

Dragon and snake entanglements

There have always been different opinions on the above question, including crocodile theory, lizard theory, snake theory, pig theory, dinosaur theory, hippo theory and horse theory, etc. At present, there is no conclusion. Among these animals, the relationship between snakes and dragons is quite intriguing. Dragons, like snakes, have long curved bodies that can be coiled and stretched.(The difference is that dragons have enough but snakes don’t). In many ancient books, dragons and snakes often go hand in hand. "Under the Yi Cohesion" records that "the trend of dragons and snakes is to survive"; In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong also said that "the dragon is like a snake, and the snake is like a dragon" in "On Balance and Telling Rui". Later, Bao Puzi, a book written in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, clearly pointed out: "There are dragons of nature, and there are dragons transformed from snakes." This sentence shows that at least some dragons evolved from snakes. So far, people have always called snakes "little dragons". In folklore, there is a story about the mutual change of dragons and snakes. It is said that there is a dragon in Tanzhe Temple in Beijing, which flew away on a stormy night, leaving two snake-like "dragons". In addition, there is a Bailong Temple on Mount Emei in Sichuan. Although the temple is named after the dragon, it commemorates the white snake in The Legend of the White Snake.(White Snake).

About because of this origin, the phenomenon that snakes and dragons are mixed and called is common in ancient books. People can often find the image of "human head snake body", such as Fuxi and Nu Wa. The Han Fu "Lu Lingguang Dian Fu" contains: "Fuxi scales, Nuwa snake body." Guo Pu, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote in The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Wild West Classic: "Nu Wa, an ancient goddess and emperor, has a snake-faced body, which changes from seventy to seventy in a day, and her abdomen becomes this god." Fuxi and Nu Wa are also snake heads in the Silk Painting of Fuxi Nu Wa Tu unearthed from Astana Tomb in Turpan, Xinjiang. "Liezi Huangdi" yue:

"Dong offer’s?(Fuxi), Nuwa, Shennong(Yan Di)Xia Houshi, a snake with a human face, a bull’s head and a tiger’s nose: this is inhuman and has the virtue of a great sage. "

Apart from Nvwa 、 Fuxi and Emperor Yan, there are many mythical figures in China who are also human heads and snakes. For example, "phase liu, nine faces, snake body and green", "Gong Gong, snake body and Zhu Fa" and so on. The most striking thing is that "Shan Hai Jing Overseas Western Classic" records: "The country of Xuanyuan … in the north of women’s country, people face the snake, and the tail meets the head." "Xuanyuan" is the title of Yellow Emperor. In the Ming Dynasty, Tao Zongyi said that Xuanyuan was "a dragon with a head" in Shuo cymbals. The same god is sometimes called "snake body" and sometimes called "dragon body". This proves that the two refer to the same thing, that is, the "snake body" is the "dragon body".

For such a phenomenon, Wen Yiduo thought in Fuxi Kao in his early years:

"The dragon totem, whether it is like a horse, a dog, a fish, a bird or a deer, is a snake in its trunk and basic form, which shows that in the era when many totem units were in the first place, the snake totem was the most powerful among them, and the merger and melting of many totems was the result of the merger and assimilation of many weak units."

From the viewpoint of "dragon and snake are integrated", among the many fairy animals with different forms and characteristics recorded in Shan Hai Jing, which can be regarded as a master of ancient myths, there are many who have "dragon bodies (snake bodies)". For example, "Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing" says: "From Tianyu Mountain to Nanyu Mountain, every 14 mountains, 6,530 miles, have a dragon body and a human face." When offering sacrifices to these mountain gods, a white dog is used as a sacrifice, and the polished rice used for the sacrifice is glutinous rice. "Shan Hai Jing Zhongshan Jing" is the cloud:

"Every shouyangshan, surrendered to the mountain as for the third mountain, jiusan, two hundred and sixty-seven. Its gods are all dragons and faces. "

The practice of offering sacrifices to these mountain gods is different. To preside over the sacrificial ceremony, a rooster should be buried in the ground as a living sacrifice. Cereal grains such as millet, millet, rice, sorghum and wheat should be used as the refined rice for sacrifice. In Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing, the "dragon with a human face" becomes a "snake with a human face". The so-called "from the mountain of a single fox to the dike mountain, where there are 25 mountains and 5,490 miles, their gods are all snake with a human face". When offering sacrifices to these gods, a rooster and a pig used as sacrifices should be buried in the ground, and a jade Jue should be used in the beautiful jade for offering sacrifices to the gods, only buried in the ground without using rice for offering sacrifices. The most peculiar thing is the mountain gods in Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing: "Where the South Second Classic is the first, from Guishan to Qiwu Mountain, where there are seventeen mountains, 7,200 miles, their gods are all dragons and birds." The appearance is different, and the way of sacrifice is naturally different. When offering sacrifices to these mountain gods, a jade jade must be buried in the ground with the sacrificed livestock, and the refined rice for the sacrifice should be used.

The picture of Fuxi Nuwa, in Tang Dynasty, is colored in silk, with a length of 220 cm and a width of 116.5 cm. It is now in the Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and was unearthed in Astana cemetery in Xinjiang in 1965.Fuxi and Nu Wa in the painting are the images of human heads and snake bodies.

In addition to these four-sided mountain gods, there are also records of "dragon (snake) body" gods in Shanhaijing, Xishan Classic and Overseas North Classic. For example:

"There is a god, and the human head is snake-shaped, long as a shaft, with a head on the left and right, purple clothes and a crown, which is called Yanwei."

"phase liu, nine faces, snake and green. Dare not shoot north, afraid of the stage of gong gong. Taiwan is in its east. "

In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, phase liu is a courtier of the water god Gong Gong. He can eat food from nine mountains, and the land he passes through becomes a swamp, making it difficult for birds to live and causing floods. By the way, phase liu appeared in the Hollywood movie "Fantastic Night at the Museum 3" ten years ago, but his image was depicted as a nine-headed python. In fact, this is not in line with the statement of "human head and snake body" in Shan Hai Jing.

Stills of the movie "Fantastic Night at the Museum 3". The prototype of Hydra comes from phase liu, who wrote "Nine human faces, the snake is green" in Shan Hai Jing. The film depicts it as a nine-headed python, which is actually not in line with the statement of "human head snake body" in Shan Hai Jing.

"Ying Long" has wings.

Shan Hai Jing, of course, does not lack the records of "complete form" dragons. The so-called "complete form" is the dragon image that people are familiar with today, that is, the "dragon has nine similarities" summarized by Luo Yuan in Er Ya Yi in Song Dynasty."Dragon, with horns like deer, head like camel, eyes like rabbits, neck like snakes, abdomen like salamanders, scales like fish, claws like eagles, palms like tigers, ears like cows."If the dragon grows wings again, it is called "ying"Dragon ". For example, Guo Pu notes: "Ying Long, the dragon has wings", and "Guangya Release Fish" also records: "Ying Long is called with wings."

There are also many records of Ying Long with wings in Shan Hai Jing. For example, The Wild North Classic records that when Chiyou led a group of monsters to attack the ground of Zhuolu under the jurisdiction of the Yellow Emperor, the Yellow Emperor first ordered Ying Long to go out to fight. Ying Long is good at storing water, and plans to drown the ranks of Chiyou in Jizhou wilderness with huge rain. Unexpectedly, the cunning Human-God was ready, so he invited Fengbo Rain Master to take the lead in setting up a big storm. Ying Long’s power was hard to exert for a while. When the Yellow Emperor saw it, he sent his heavenly daughter "Hao" to help. "Hao" has the ability to stop the wind and rain. At that time, Ying Long and Chi-you took advantage of the storm, unable to withstand it, and were defeated and killed. From the historical perspective, the battle between Huangdi and Chiyou was naturally early.The struggle between human tribes can never be assisted by gods as in the Romance of Gods. Ying Long, Chi-you, and even Fengbo Rain Master of Chi-you were probably just the names of the tribes at that time. Among them, the tribe named "Ying Long" takes some kind of winged dragon as its totem.

"Ying Long Painting Rivers", a sculpture, is located in Dayu Mythological Garden in Wuhan. The heckling words in "The Songs of the South" link Ying Long and Dayu’s water control. Dayu "tried his best to ditch the river and guide Sichuan and Yiyue", and Ying Long was ordered to open the way ahead. It draws the land with its tail, and wherever it is drawn, the river road it opens extends to where it is drawn.

In Shan Hai Jing, next, Ying Long pushed on and met Kuafu. Kuafu is a well-known mythical figure. Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing recorded: "Kuafu overreached himself, and wanted to pursue the scenery of the sun and caught it in Yugu. I will drink the river but not enough. I will go to osawa and die here before I arrive. " This is the famous story of "Kuafu chasing the sun". However, the same book also records another statement. "Ying Long has killed Chiyou and Kuafu, so he went to the south." In the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou, Kuafu sided with Chiyou and became the enemy of Ying Long. For these two different records, Guo Pu thought:

"Kuafu in Shangyun overreached himself and died in competition with Japan. Today, Fuyun was killed by Ying Long, and his death has no name. He sent it when he touched something, which shows that his changes are not square and cannot be measured."

Ying Long. There are many records of Ying Long with wings in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Map of Mountains and Seas: A Catalogue of Animals in the Classic of Mountains and Seas was painted by Li Yunzhong, People’s Literature Publishing House.

Ying Long defeated Chiyou first and then killed Kuafu, which made great contributions to the victory of the Yellow Emperor, but it also paid a heavy price for it. Shan Hai Jing Wild East longitude records that "Ying Long is in the South Pole, killing Chiyou and Kuafu", and he may also be weakened in the struggle, so he "can’t get back."(unable to return to heaven)",can only live in the northeast corner of the wild, there is a mountain called fierce plow mound". And the sky lacks the god of clouds and rain, so the drought in the lower bound has been going on for years. Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing said that after Ying Long killed Kuafu, he "went to the south, so it was rainy in the south". Guo Pu said: "It’s a long story, and it’s similar to each other." That is, where the dragon goes, the precipitation goes.

Two-wing Ying Long portrait brick, Han. Because Ying Long can make clouds make rain, when the drought is severe, people make Ying Long look like mud, sand and stones and pray.

Because Ying Long can make clouds make rain, when there is a serious drought, people make Ying Long look like mud, sand and stones, and pray, "Drought is like Ying Long, but heavy rain". In this way, there is another "earth dragon" in the dragon family, and the folk also have the custom of "repairing the earth dragon after drought". There are also many records about the earth dragon causing rain. Huai Nan Zi Shuo Shan Xun said that "saints use things, if they use Zhu Si to make friends with pigs, if they seek rain for the earth dragon".

As for the image and skills of Ying Long in ancient mythology, even Qu Yuan expressed doubts and feelings in Tian Wen: "What is Ying Long’s painting? What is the calendar of rivers and seas? " For this sentence, Wang Yi notes:

"When Yu treated the flood, a dragon painted the land with its tail. Those who guide the water should be decided, so they should be treated. "

HongXingZu note cloud:

"The" Mountain and Sea Classic Map "cloud, Xia Yu governs the water, and Ying Long draws the land with the tail."

The heckling words in "The Songs of the South" link Ying Long and Dayu’s water control. Dayu "tried his best to ditch the river and guide Sichuan and Yiyue", and Ying Long was ordered to open the way ahead. It draws the land with its tail, and wherever it is drawn, the river road it has opened extends to where it is drawn. If Dayu is a model of whole-hearted water control, then Ying Long can be regarded as the number one hero of Dayu’s charge. As for the realistic prototype of "Ying Long painted the land with the tail"(or the truth)Some scholars think that it is possible that Dayu got help from the clan with dragon totem in water control, or that it is a reflection of the joint water control of the clan with dragon totem; Mr Wen Yiduo thinks:

"The dragon who paints the land into a river is Yu himself, and the dragon who can paint the land into a river is the dragon who digs the river totem. It coexists with the ancestor Yu and is contradictory, so he sent the dragon as Yu’s teacher, saying that Yu’s method of water control came from the dragon."

In a word, such myths in Dayu’s water control are unlikely to be imagined out of thin air.

There are many dragons.

It is worth mentioning that the book Shu Yi Ji, written in the Southern Dynasties, also records:

"Hydra turned into a dumpling in 500 years, a dragon in 1,000 years, a horned dragon in dragon five in 100 years and a Ying Long in 1,000 years."

It can be seen that it takes thousands of years for Ying Long to grow up, which is the highest level of dragons-that’s why it grows wings. "Guang Ya Shi Guo" cloud:

"There are scales called dragons, wings called Ying Long, horns called a dragon, horns called a dragon, and dragons without horns called a dragon. Before ascending to heaven, they called a dragon."

It shows that the types of "dragons" described in ancient books are ever-changing and varied.

Although Shuo Yi Ji regards Jiao as the predecessor of Dragon, other ancient books don’t think so. The authoritative Shuo Wen Jie Zi clearly points out:

"Dumpling, the dragon is also. There are 3,600 fish in the pond, and the dumplings are long. "

There are many records about dumplings in Shan Hai Jing. For example, "Haineixijing" cloud:

"There are tree birds in Kaiming South, with six songs; Dumplings, scorpions, snakes, scorpions, leopards, and birds rank trees in the surface pond. "

Zhongshan Jing contains:

"Ten times once the first of jingshan mountain, yue wing at the mountain. Turbulent water flows out, and the east flows into the economy; When the water comes out, it flows to Han in the southeast, and many of them are awkward. "

Although these records only refer to "Jiao" but not "Dragon", in fact "Jiao" refers to "Dragon". Because Guo Pu said, "Dumplings are like snakes, with four legs and dragons."

From the records of Shan Hai Jing, Jiao(dragon)Living in all kinds of rivers. It didn’t leave a good impression in the minds of the ancients. According to the Records of Collected Notes, according to legend, during the Tang and Yao Dynasties, there was a big dumpling, "Three rivers overflowed and the sea was in the same stream", and its prototype was obviously an aquatic animal. In the famous story of "eliminating three evils around", one of the evils refers to "dumpling under the long bridge". Guo Pu commented:

"Dumpling is like a snake, but its four feet are small, its head is thin, its neck is covered with white scabies, and the big ones are more than a dozen. Its eggs are like a stone urn, which can swallow people."

These characteristics are easily reminiscent of crocodiles in reptiles. However, there is only one kind of crocodile living in China today, that is, the Chinese alligator living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, this kind of animal has a mild temperament and there are few records of attacking people since ancient times. Obviously, this can’t be related to the dumpling that can swallow people. Fortunately, it is also recorded in the history books that there was an "alligator disaster" in the Hanjiang River Basin in Lingnan in the Tang Dynasty. When Han Yu, a famous writer in Tang Dynasty, was demoted to Chaozhou, he tried to warn crocodiles and throw pigs and sheep into evil streams.(now Hanjiang, Guangdong)Tell the crocodile to leave, otherwise it will be slaughtered, and write down the famous prose "Sacrificing Crocodiles". Since Han Yu mentioned that crocodiles "eat people, livestock, bears, roes, deer and roes to fatten their bodies", it shows that this kind of crocodile is not so docile as the Chinese alligator, but it is similar to the living habits of the Gulf Crocodile that still lives in Southeast Asia today. The latter is the largest reptile in the world, with a fierce temperament. It not only eats animals in the water, but also often hurts people ashore, posing a great threat to the production and life of the ancients. According to the latest research results, this crocodile, which was "infested everywhere" in the Tang Dynasty, is an extinct branch of the alligator, known as the Chinese Hanyu crocodile.（Hanyusuchus sinensis）. Perhaps it was out of awe of this fierce crocodile that the ancients mixed with the concept of snakes and mythologized it as a "dragon".

Tiger dumpling. Guo Pu commented that "a dumpling is like a snake, but its four feet are small, its head is thin, its neck is covered with scabies, and the big one is more than ten, and its eggs are like a stone urn, which can swallow people". These characteristics are easily reminiscent of crocodiles in reptiles.

Bronze dragon, Han, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, USA. Similar to Jiao, Jilong is also a hornless dragon. Shuowen said that it is "yellow if it is a dragon" or "it is said that it has no horns".

Similar to Jiao, Jilong is also a hornless dragon. Shuowen says that it is "yellow if it is a dragon" and "stinging if it has no horns". There is a story in Huainanzi that a dragon is better than a snake eel: one day, a red dragon is killed.(without horns)And a blue dragon.(angular)Roaming together, came to Jizhou ground. At this time, the weather is refreshing and the earth is stable. When a dragon and a dragon find delicious food, they eat it with relish. Because the range of activities is within 100 acres, it is despised and laughed at by a snake and an eel. They shouted, "Hey, dragon, dragon, dare you go to the river and sea with us?" A dragon and a dragon accepted the challenge, so "the wind and the freezing rain rocked up" and "moved the world and vibrated the sea", which scared the snakes and eels into the deep mud and dared not come out.

On the other hand, although dragons are miraculous, there is still a striking situation in ancient myths, that is, dragons are often used as the object of command by people with noble status. In this regard, "Shan Hai Jing" records that "Ju Mang in the East, birds and faces, take two dragons"; "Western Ru Shou, with a snake in its left ear, rides two dragons"; "Northern Yujiang, black hands and feet, riding two dragons"; "Zhu Rong in the south, a beast with a face, rides two dragons". Thus, the dragon is the mount of the four gods. Gao You also said in his note "Huai Nan Zi Tian Xun", "Ride by car every day, drive with six dragons, and xi he will conquer it."

In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, The Wild West Sutra, the ancient emperors were even seated on the dragon:

"Outside the southwest sea, south of Chishui and west of quicksand, there are two green snakes and two dragons, named Xia Hou Kai. If you go to heaven for three times, you will get the following nine arguments and nine songs. This field of great mu is 2,000 meters high, and it won the opening song "Nine strokes". "

Kai is the son of Yu and the first "hereditary" monarch in China’s ancient historical records. It goes without saying that in ancient mythology, this element of revealing identity through "Lapras", "Imperial Dragon" or "Driving Dragon" has also become a common means of deifying monarchical power in later generations.

References:

Pang Jin’s Exploration of loong Culture in 8,000 Years

The Origin and Evolution of Chinese Dragon Culture by Wang Liquan

A Study of the Word "Dragon" in Shan Hai Jing by Mei Shanying

The Dragon and Its Cultural Connotation in Shan Hai Jing by Gao Wang Fei.

Ding Junhui will avenge Stephen Chow’s supporting role as the snooker UEFA Cup starts soon.

Still from Descendants of the Dragon, but Jimmy White ranks sixth in the world.

　　Sohu Sports News The new season snooker Super League (the domestic media used to call it the "Snooker League Cup") will start on September 6, local time in the UK. Ding Junhui, a billiards player from China, will face Jimmy White, the runner-up of the 6th World Championships, in the first stage group match in the early morning of September 7th, Beijing time. The British Sky Sports Channel will broadcast live, and Sohu Sports will report the game at the first time.

　　Snooker Super League is a non-professional ranking match. Its organizer is not the official organization of the Snooker League, but two senior players, Jimmy? White and Steve? Davis’s agency-—Matchroom Spor, but its high bonus and high level are obvious to all. Seven players with strong strength and influence can be invited to participate in this competition.

　　This year’s seven contestants are Stephen Haendly, Steve Davis, Jimmy White, Ronnie O ‘Sullivan, John Higgins, last season’s MVP Neil Robertson and China’s Ding Junhui.

　　The Super Snooker League adopts a single-round group match system in which seven players play first, that is, each player has to fight with other players once again, playing 6 games, winning a game and scoring 2 points, drawing 1 point and losing 0 point. At the end of the round robin, the top four players will play in the semi-finals, and the winner will play in the final. The Premier League has been held for 21 times so far, with Stephen Haendly and Rocket O ‘Sullivan winning the championship the most times, both six times.

　　Last season, Xiaoding reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, but because of the conflict with the Asian Games, he resolutely gave up the 12,500-pound semi-final prize and the 50,000-pound championship prize that he was likely to win. Rockets O ‘Sullivan swept Jimmy White 7-0 in the final, who happened to be Xiaohui’s first-round opponent this season.

　　Jimmy White is the favorite of British and Taiwanese fans, because he has always pursued perfect playing style and has the nickname of "People’s Champion". In the mid-1980s, Jimmy White was the most threatening opponent of Steve Davis, who won the runner-up in the World Championships six times and was awarded the title of "uncrowned king". An important reason why Jimmy White is known to China fans is that he played a supporting role in the comedy "Descendants of the Dragon" of China, Hongkong and Stephen Chow.

　　In recent years, with the growth of age, Jimmy White’s state has obviously declined. In the first round of the 2006 World Championships, Jimmy White lost to his training partner David 5-10. Gray, the world professional ranking fell out of the top 32 for the first time in 25 years. In the 2007 World Championships, Jimmy White stopped qualifying and didn’t even make it to the Shanghai Masters, the first stop of the season. He is a veritable "out of date" star.

　　Ding Junhui and Jimmy White had played four times before, and Xiaohui had 3 wins and 1 loss, which was the absolute advantage. The specific engagement records are as follows:

　　Ding Junhui, 2004 British Open, 5:1 Jimmy White;

　　Ding Junhui 4:2 Jimmy White in Super Snooker League in 2005;

　　2005 All England Championship Ding Junhui 9:2 Jimmy White;

　　Ding Junhui 1:5 Jimmy White in the Super Snooker League in 2006;

　　Although Xiaohui has an absolute advantage in the battle record match, you must not be careless in the first battle. Last season, Ding Junhui won the North Aier Cup in the first stop, and played against White in a good state and record, while White had a poor state and record before. As a result, Xiaohui unexpectedly lost 1-5. This game is also a revenge game for Xiaohui.

　　In addition, the snooker Super League is of great significance to White, and it is his signature event. It will definitely put all its efforts and attach great importance to it. Only six games belong to the short-term competition system, and the chance of surprise is very great. Xiaohui’s state in the Shanghai Masters just attended is not good, and it needs to be adjusted. However, considering all the circumstances, Xiaohui has a good chance of winning. Specifically, Xiaohui’s chance of winning is 60%, while White’s is 40%. In the odds offered by bwin, a famous European gambling company, Xiaohui is obviously optimistic, and the odds gap with White is as much as 20 times.

Editor: Lu Fangfei

Tourists take photos with RMB scenery. Designer： It’s a combined landscape.

　　Figure ①: The fifth set of RMB 100 yuan with the back pattern "Great Hall of the People".

　Fig. ②: The fifth set of RMB 20 yuan back pattern "Guilin Landscape".

　Fig. ③: The fifth set of RMB 10 yuan back pattern "Three Gorges Kuimen".

　　The Great Hall of the People, Potala Palace, Guilin Landscape, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Mount Tai, and San Tan Yin Yue are all the buildings and scenery behind the fifth set of RMB banknotes. Why did you choose them as the main scene on the back? Can the photos taken by framing be directly used on paper money? Recently, the reporter came to China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation and visited the people who had participated in the design and production of the fifth set of RMB in that year to reveal the secrets of the scenery on RMB for you.

　　Theme design

　　Beijing West Railway Station and Jiuquan Launch Site were once candidates.

　　Everyone knows that the fifth set of RMB was officially listed and issued in 1999. In fact, the design and development of this set of RMB started as early as 1988, and its design process is also very complicated and tortuous.

　　The design of the theme alone has undergone many changes. In the fourth set, the front main view of RMB is the head of representative national figures in China, and the back main view is based on the famous mountains and rivers such as the main peak of Jinggangshan and Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River, which embodies the theme of high spirits and unity of people of all ethnic groups in China. What is the good theme in the fifth set?

　　The first theme given by the designer is ancient historical figures, in the order of dynasties. Kong Qiu and Qu Yuan in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Sima Qian and Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty were all selected. The second theme is contemporary leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. The third theme is the head of Mao Zedong on the front and the famous scenery and buildings in China on the back, highlighting the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.

　　In the process, some leaders suggested that nanpu bridge, Beijing West Railway Station, "Three North" Shelterbelt, Jiuquan Launch Site and so on could be added to the ticket.

　　In fact, China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation has designed color drafts of these schemes and submitted them to the People’s Bank of China, and the People’s Bank of China has submitted them to the State Council for discussion. What is finally confirmed is what we see now. On the front, Mao Zedong’s head is adopted, and on the back, famous buildings and landscapes such as the Great Hall of the People and Potala Palace are selected from China’s historical sites and buildings and landscapes.

　　There are so many scenic spots in China, why are these selected? The most basic principle is not to use the scenery that has been used before. "Let people know at a glance where it is, have a special status and popularity, and be expressive", which is the standard in one of the designers’ mind. Although it may not be possible to cover the factors considered by every designer, after hundreds of repeated discussions and verifications by designers, the victories of Potala Palace and Mount Tai are truly deserved.

　　"It was once suggested that Huangshan Mountain be used on the back of 50 yuan, but after discussion, everyone thought that Huangshan Mountain had been used before, and the Potala Palace not only reflected the elements of national unity, but also added a lot to its religious significance." Liu Yongjiang, director of the product development office and head of the fifth RMB design, said.

　　Field shooting

　　The mysterious collector of the West Lake has to take a close-up shot in the rain.

　　In the minds of employees of banknote printing and minting companies, RMB is an "outstanding representative product" they produce, hoping to be recognized and loved by the people. However, after all, RMB has its own particularity, so that it is kept secret throughout the design and production process, and even it is difficult for ordinary people to see it until the moment it comes out. Kong Wei Yun, a sculptor of RMB, told the reporter an interesting story that happened during the filming.

　　In those days, Kong Wei Yun went to the West Lake in Hangzhou to collect the wind and print the moon on the three pools behind the 1 yuan paper money. According to the confidentiality regulations, only the director of the currency issuance department of the local people’s bank knew the purpose of his visit and arranged his accommodation and itinerary. Unfortunately, the day of collecting the wind just happened to catch up with the rain.

　　There are regulations in the West Lake that you can’t go out when it rains, and you can’t shoot Santan at close range without taking a boat. What should I do? Kong Weiyun told the boatman that he was an advertising company, and his task was urgent. He would return to Beijing tomorrow, and he had to shoot today. The boatman said that he would sail, but there must be two guests on board, so Kong Weiyun had to pay for a tour guide.

　　Finally, the ship sailed successfully, but the route was not satisfactory. The boats in the scenic spot all have a fixed driving route and time, but Kong Wei Cloud has its own specific shooting point, so we can only spend more money to let the boatmen temporarily change the route and add time. "The boatman still wondered and asked me why I didn’t see so many beautiful scenery in the West Lake."

　　Do we have to photograph the real thing? Kong Weiyun said that unlike designers who can find inspiration by looking at albums, as sculptors, they must see the details. If you don’t look at the details, you don’t know how to do the edges and corners when carving, and you don’t know what the patterns and patterns on Santan stone carving are. Because he couldn’t tell the boatman his true intention, Kong Weiyun joked that he was a "mysterious collector of the West Lake".

　　In the fifth set of RMB design stage, Kong Wei Yunhe and other designers and sculptors were also pulled into a small building at the foot of the Great Wall to "lock up" for two weeks’ closed creation. There are no "outsiders" here, and they eat and live in the building. Because the mobile phone was not popular and the transportation was inconvenient at that time, it can be said that it was really isolated from the world and the confidentiality work was done quite well.

　　"combined" landscape

　　Want to take pictures of the scene? Actually, it can’t be completely matched

　　After the introduction of the fifth set of RMB, the back scenery became a hot topic, and tourists took RMB to take photos of the back scenery, but designer Li Zhinong told you, "Forget it, you can’t find exactly the same place."

　　Li Zhinong told reporters that unlike the previous sets, the fifth set of RMB clearly stated that "combined" scenery can be used. In other words, what you see on the back of the paper money, such as the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, the Three Ponds and the Moon, is difficult to find exactly the same angle to shoot again in reality. They are combined "brand-new" landscapes.

　　Take Mount Tai as the most representative, the unique stone carving of Wuyue, the Southern Gate of Heaven and the Jade Emperor’s Peak are all symbolic symbols of Mount Tai, but it is difficult for tourists to find a place to photograph these three elements. Why do you want to put them together? Li Zhinong said that the characteristics of Mount Tai are not very prominent. It is difficult to tell if it is Mount Tai only by depicting the mountain features. Therefore, in order to better show the grandeur of Mount Tai and facilitate identification, all three elements are simply integrated into one picture.

　　Similarly, after a large number of multi-angle shooting in the early stage, in order to make the composition more beautiful, the designers also "moved" the positions of several distant mountains in Guilin Mountain, "moved away" some mounds near Potala Palace, and "depressed" the grandeur of the distant mountains, making the pillars as the decoration of the Great Hall of the People, the five-pointed stars and lights of the dome become its background … …

　　"There is actually no close correspondence between color and face value. One hundred yuan is red, but once one yuan was used in red." Liu Yongjiang said that colors serve the theme, and they should ensure that different denominations cannot be confused and easy to distinguish.

　　Of course, how to design is not up to one person, and it can even be said that every link of RMB design has the hard work of countless people. Not only do designers choose scenery and design angles to draw sketches, but also some people draw sketches to improve them, and sculptors use dotted lines to shape scenery … … Every draft of design, painting and sculpture will be different. After each link, the scenery may change slightly. "Because of the technological restrictions and anti-counterfeiting requirements, the scenery on the banknotes must stand scrutiny and picky." Liu Yongjiang said.

Swimming an hour to eliminate 1000 calories？ Why are you getting fatter and fatter？

　　Many people say that swimming is one of the best exercises to lose weight. Swimming for one hour can eliminate 1000 calories, which is almost the sum of the calories a person needs in a day.

　　Does this mean that as long as you swim for an hour, the calories you eat in a day will disappear? Can it really consume that much? Then why do some people get fatter after swimming?

　　How many calories can swimming consume?

　　In fact, swimming consumes 1000 calories per hour, which is not accurate and comprehensive. The amount of heat consumed per hour varies greatly with different intensities of swimming.

　　According to the data of "Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016)", a 66 kg male, with an average freestyle/backstroke of 30 minutes, consumes 264 kilocalories; Breaststroke for 30 minutes consumes 330 kilocalories; Butterfly swimming consumes the most calories, which is 363 kilocalories.

　　In contrast, a 56 kg woman spends an average of 30 minutes in freestyle/backstroke, consuming 224.1 kilocalories; Breaststroke for 30 minutes consumes 279.9 kilocalories; The maximum calorie consumption of butterfly stroke is 308.1 kilocalories.

　　Although you don’t exercise for an hour and consume 1000 calories, it is undeniable that swimming does burn fat. In contrast, a 66 kg man jogs for 30 minutes on average and consumes 231 kilocalories. A 56 kg woman jogs for 30 minutes on average, and consumes 195.9 kilocalories. In addition, another advantage of swimming is that there is no damage to the knees.

　　Why did you get fat after swimming?

　　But why do some people get fatter and fatter after swimming? First of all, it has much to do with how much you eat. Dr. Wu Xi, an associate professor in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, pointed out that losing weight actually creates a calorie gap and consumes a lot of calories, but it is impossible to lose weight by taking more. People usually feel hungry after swimming and want to eat food with high fat content. Some people feel that they consume so many calories, and when they get home, they can eat some high-calorie foods with peace of mind, not only will they not lose weight, but they will also get fatter and fatter. Sometimes, after swimming for an hour, a bottle of coke will offset it.

　　You should still eat some foods with high fiber and low calorie before and after swimming, including bananas and tomatoes. It is not good to eat when you are hungry, which is easy to cause overeating.

　　Dr. Wu Xi pointed out that exercise to lose weight should be a long-term and persistent lifestyle, and weight loss should also be a gentle process. As long as you persist in sports with enough intensity for more than half an hour every day and keep your heart rate at 120-150 times per minute, you will eventually see results.

　　Of course, there is another possibility. If you find that you gain weight after an exercise, it may be caused by drinking more water after exercise. If you gain weight after a period of exercise, it may be that the proportion of muscle has increased and the proportion of fat has decreased. Because of the high density of muscles, muscles with the same volume are much heavier than fat, so despite the weight recovery, the weight loss effect has actually been achieved, and the body will look more compact.

　　"Of course, in addition to aerobic training, resistance exercise is also very important for improving basic metabolism and body shaping; Muscle training first, then aerobic exercise such as swimming and running can also prevent joint injury. Every week, 1-2 times, 30-45 minutes of resistance exercise, or HIIT exercise program (high-intensity interval training), which can effectively maintain and increase muscles. " Dr. Wu Wei said.

　　We should pay attention to these problems when swimming safely.

　　Summer is the season of rapid growth of various pathogenic microorganisms and high incidence of various ocular surface diseases, and the average infection rate is twice as high as that in winter, especially in public swimming pools. If the disinfection measures are not strict, it will easily lead to the spread of pinkeye (infectious conjunctivitis). So how to prevent it? Can I swim during my period? The reporter interviewed relevant experts.

　　Dr. Hong Jiaxu, an attending ophthalmologist at the Eye, Otolaryngology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University and a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School, suggested that you should choose a regular swimming place to ensure the water quality and wear goggles before entering the water. Regular swimming pools will sterilize the water source, but once one or two patients with pink eye enter the swimming pool, they may still infect other people.

　　Pink eye disease is mainly transmitted through contact, such as towels, face plates, eye drops, coins, keyboards, door handles, faucets and so on. After touching things with germs, rubbing your eyes with dirty hands is more likely to infect bacteria. Therefore, the management of swimming pools should also strengthen supervision, prevent patients with pink eye from swimming, and strengthen the sterilization of water sources. In addition, patients with pink eye should also be conscious, swimming may aggravate their condition, so they should not go swimming in public swimming pools again. In addition, everyone should also pay attention to personal hygiene, wash their hands frequently, and don’t cross-use daily necessities such as towels.

　　Huang Weihong, deputy director of obstetrics and gynecology department of Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, pointed out that some women think that they can get into the water safely by using tampons or moon cups during menstruation, but this method is not desirable. Women’s vagina is connected with the outside world, which provides the possibility for bacterial infection. Moreover, the cervix of the uterus is relatively dilated during menstruation, and the blood flowing out of the uterus during menstruation itself is a good culture medium for the reproduction of germs. After the tampon is soaked in water, germs can easily enter the body, causing reproductive system infection.

　　"Of course, if you enjoy the environment very much when traveling, and women are at the end of their menstrual period, if you really want to go into the water, it is not bad to use tampons or menstrual cups, but swimming during menstruation for a long time will increase the chance of infection, which is definitely not recommended."

　　Dr. Huang Weihong said, "Female swimming during menstruation is prone to reproductive system infection or menstrual disorder, and it will not be cured for a long time."

　　Dr. Huang Weihong warned that if you swim in unsanitary water, dirty water can enter the vagina, and germs can take the opportunity to cause various diseases. Although the water in the swimming pool is disinfected circularly, it is impossible to be sterile, and there is no guarantee if it is not disinfected thoroughly in some places. There are many swimmers with tinea corporis, tinea pedis, trachoma, fungal vaginitis or trichomonal vaginitis, and even patients with gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum. They bring pathogens into the pool water and easily infect healthy swimmers.

The news of the snow has been confirmed. It is freezing in Zhejiang, and there is sunshine on New Year’s Eve.

Chao news client reporter Fang Li

Recently, it has been overcast with rain in Zhejiang Province, with obvious rain today (February 3-4), and the precipitation was suspended on the 5th, and the freezing rain and snow weather resumed on the 6th-7th.

Let’s stick to it for a few more days. Judging from the current weather situation, the weather in Zhejiang on New Year’s Eve was good, accompanied by sunshine, and the temperature began to rise.

West Lake misty rain user sea photo

Affected by cold air, the daytime was still cold yesterday. At 15 o’clock yesterday, the temperature in all parts of Zhejiang was low. Huzhou was only 2.9℃, and southern Zhejiang was relatively warmer. The temperature in many areas dropped by more than 10℃ compared with the same time the day before. At night, the water vapor strengthened again and the rain increased again.

Today, there are sometimes showers in cloudy weather in the whole province, and more rain will appear tomorrow, with moderate rain and partial heavy rain in the whole province.

For example, in Hangzhou, due to the eastward movement of the deep south branch trough, the Jianghuai cyclone was also born in the southwest airflow in front of the trough and the easterly airflow at the bottom of the northern high pressure. At the same time, the water vapor condition of precipitation in Hangzhou has been strengthened and the dynamic conditions have become more sufficient. The whole city of Hangzhou will experience moderate rain and partial heavy rain.

In the next few days, the rain will stop all over the province on the 5 th, mainly cloudy weather. However, due to the influence of multiple cold air, the temperature will drop further.

The coldest day is February 6, and it is predicted that Zhejiang will join the "ice and snow group chat" on this day.

Since the 6th, the warm and humid air flow has been strengthened again, and combined with the low temperature, it is easy to change the phase of rain and snow.

In the morning, the temperature fell below the freezing point again, and the lowest temperature in most parts of the province was 0 ~-2 C with thin ice and-3 ~-5 C with freezing. The highest temperature during the day is only about 2℃ in northern Zhejiang.

It is estimated that there will be sleet or snow in the mountainous areas of central and northern Zhejiang on June 6-7, and there will be sleet locally in the plain areas.

The rainy weather in Zhejiang will last until the 7th, and it will turn cloudy to cloudy on the 8th.

From this point of view, despite the baptism of rain and rain before the festival, on New Year’s Eve, we can finally be accompanied by winter sunshine.

Hangzhou’s red wall Bai Mei netizen sea photo

Let’s draw the key points again-

It was rainy in our province before New Year’s Eve, and there was low temperature, rain and snow freezing in the mountains on June 6-7. 2-5 days, there is a wide range of rain, snow and freezing weather in central and eastern China.Friends who have plans to return home should plan their itinerary in advance to ensure safe travel.

Medium-range weather forecast

4th (Sunday): There is moderate rain in the whole province, and partial heavy rain in northern and western Zhejiang.

5th (next Monday): The whole province is cloudy.

Day on the 6th (next Tuesday): It is cloudy to cloudy in the southwest of Zhejiang, and it turns cloudy with light rain in the afternoon; Cloudy to cloudy in other areas.

6th night-7th (next Wednesday): There is little to moderate rain in the province, and there is sleet or light snow in the mountainous area of central and northern Zhejiang.

8th (next Thursday): The northern part of Zhejiang is cloudy to cloudy, while the rain in other areas gradually stops and turns cloudy.

9th (next Friday): Cloudy to sunny in the whole province.

"Reprint please indicate the source"

Reporting/feedback

Warm stomach and warm heart! Returned workers in Neijiang Economic Development Zone have a hot group annual banquet.

Neijiang News of Sichuan Economic Net (Reporter Mao Chunyan’s text/map) The end of the year is the peak period for migrant workers to return home. On January 30th, organized by the Neijiang Economic Development Zone Federation of Trade Unions, 100 representatives of returning migrant workers from this area came to Chang ‘an Village, Jingmin, where they gathered together to share the feast of the Year of the Communist Youth League, reminisce about their hometown and welcome the Spring Festival.

site of activity

Near noon, the smell of food began to waft in the courtyard dam of Chang ‘an Village Party-Mass Service Center. The reporter came to the scene to see that more than 10 tables of annual banquets were laid out in turn, and representatives of returning workers from all walks of life in the whole region were seated, sharing bowls, handing chopsticks and pouring drinks. Everyone was polite to each other, and the sound of reminiscence and laughter continued.

Soon, a series of steaming and delicious dishes were served on the table: sweet and boiled, sweet but not greasy, steamed crispy meat crisp and tender, braised beef soft and rotten, and Sam Sun soup delicious … "These meals are delicious! Delicious! I want two more bowls today! " Eating authentic hometown food, He Bo, a representative of returning workers, said happily.

site of activity

"Over the past year, the vast number of workers have actively participated in the fiery practice of" fighting for the economy and building ".Everyone has worked hard, silently contributed and strived for self-improvement, creating a good living environment for their families and setting a good image for their hometown." Zhu Jun, vice chairman of the Neijiang Economic Development Zone Federation of Trade Unions, expressed his gratitude to the workers for their hard work. He hoped that in the new year, everyone would continue to work hard, make positive progress and write a happier and better life with practical actions.

"I used to work outside and rarely went home. I finally came back this time and saw that my hometown has changed a lot and developed very well. I am sincerely happy! " Wang Jun, a representative of returning migrant workers, said that he did not intend to go out to work this year, but wanted to find a company at the "doorstep" to make his own contribution to the development of his hometown.

Recruitment activities

On the day of the group annual banquet, the Neijiang Economic Development Zone Federation of Trade Unions also presented Spring Festival couplets to representatives of returning workers and distributed home-going gift packages; The Employment and Social Security Bureau of the Joint District conducted on-site recruitment activities, providing more than 900 job information of 14 enterprises; Cooperate with Neijiang Rural Commercial Bank to carry out financial knowledge publicity activities and protect the "money bag" of returning workers with heart and affection.

It snows in Yichang!

Rain and snow come as promised.

From yesterday to today

There is light rain in most cloudy days in Yichang city.

There is sleet in some periods.

There is snowfall in the mid-mountain and above.

At 8 o’clock on February 2, netizens filmed snow on the roof of Wujiagang District.

just now

Snow in Bei ‘ao, Hejiaping Town, Changyang

Still raining.

The traffic police are checking the safety of passing vehicles.

Snow on the Road of Yandaiya Section of Xingshan National Highway 209

Xingshan Brigade actively cooperates with the transportation department.

Take snow removal measures

Issued by Hubei province

Yellow warning of low temperature rain and snow freezing

Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow warning of freezing rain and snow at 07: 02 on February 2: It is estimated that there will be snow in Shiyan, Xiangyang, Shennongjia, Yichang, Jingmen and Suizhou from 08: 00 on February 2 to 08: 00 on February 3, and there will be freezing rain or sleet in Enshi, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Qianjiang, Xiantao, Wuhan, Xiaogan and Huanggang. Please take precautions.

1-2 February afternoon

Yichang Meteorological Observatory and several county meteorological observatories

Release one after another

Yellow warning of road icing

The latest travel tips are coming.

Wujiagang Yangtze River Bridge

The main deck of Wujiagang Yangtze River Bridge is from north to south, and there is snow on the road surface. As of press time, the relevant departments are carrying out snow removal operations, and the traffic police temporarily control traffic and leave one lane for traffic.

The Wujiagang Yangtze River Bridge has begun to remove snow.

yiling yangtze river bridge

Last night, the bridge deck of Yiling Yangtze River Bridge and some sections of Jiangcheng Avenue were frozen, and the traffic police brigade of Dianjun joined forces with the Bridge Company and the road maintenance department to carry out emergency snow removal operations.

In the early morning of February 2, after the emergency snow removal by the Bridge Company and the road maintenance department, under the command of the duty personnel, at present, some electric bicycles have been released to cross the river slowly.

Zhushi Street traffic police squadron early patrol auxiliary police reminded electric vehicle riders to pay attention to safety.

S68 dam-turning expressway

At 4 o’clock in the morning today (February 2), due to the drop in temperature, most sections of S68 Fanba Expressway snowed, and the traffic police controlled the four toll stations of Dianjun, Chexi, Zigui and Zigui Port. The maintenance construction unit sprinkles snow melting agent on the whole line. At present, the S68 dam-turning control section has been completely deregulated.

Yichang weather forecast

Today and tomorrow.

Moderate rain turns to heavy snow.

There is sleet or freezing rain in some periods.

Local snowstorm in mountainous area

5 -8 February

There is also a rainy and snowy weather process.

The temperature will continue to fall in the next three days.

The highest temperature dropped to 0 ~ 3℃

The minimum temperature drops to about -2℃

The temperature changes sharply.

Everyone must take warm measures.

Original title: "It snows in Yichang! 》

Read the original text

Freehand brushwork China explores the origin of Chinese characters, and Qihe River from The Book of Songs reproduces poetic beauty.

　　Which river is known as "China Poetry River"? What is the fetter with poetry? Recently, the reporter followed "freehand brushwork in China — — Exploring the Origin of Chinese Characters "The interview group came to the bank of Qihe River in Hebi, Henan, and felt the deep ancient and modern poetry.

　　Time flies, and the stars move. Wandering in the river, there are endless long years flowing. Qihe River, which has come from the depths of history, has left behind poems that have been sung for thousands of years, nourishing one side of the land endlessly.

　　Poetry has profound cultural connotations.

　　Qihe River, called Qishui in ancient times, originated in Qizishan, Shanxi Province. After entering Henan, it flows into Weihe River in Qimen, Hebi, with a total length of 176 kilometers and a length of 83 kilometers in Hebi.

　　Poetry related to Qihe River. People’s Daily reporter Liu Weishe

　　Since ancient times, many literati have come here to play and watch, and their poems are full of joy. "Qi Shui Tang Tang, gradually draped over the car", "Qi Shui Cui, Ba Ba Song Zhou" and "Looking forward to the Olympics, green bamboo and bamboo" … … In the Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in China, many poems describe the beautiful scenery of Qihe River and record the customs closely related to cross-strait life.

　　Poets of all ages, such as Li Bai, Gao Shi and Wang Wei, also came to the Qihe River to sing. "Qi water flows like jade, and boats and cars rush every day." Li Bai saw a lot of traffic on both sides of the Qi River, which was very lively; "yiyi Xishan, don’t leave the mulberry forest", Gao Shi came to stay by the Qi River and lived a rural life of self-cultivation and self-sufficiency; "Ping Ju Qi Shui, Dongye Kuang Shan", the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei lived in seclusion in a small village, intoxicated by the quiet pastoral scenery.

　　Ancient rivers are pregnant with ancient poetry culture. In September 2014, the Chinese Poetry Society officially named Qihe River as "China Poetry River", which is also the first river named after poetry in China.

　　Spontaneous chantingHeritage Classic

　　Today, thousands of years later, people living here still love poetry and inherit classics. With the theme of poetry, a 2.5-kilometer-long street park was built in qibin district — — Qishui Poetry Garden, with Qihe River as the carrier and poetry corridor as the main line, is divided into five chapters: pre-Qin, Qin and Han, Tang and Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times from north to south, with a total of 1,500 poems.

　　Strolling along the Qi River, the water surface is sparkling under the sunlight. No matter on the slate of the poetry corridor or the floor tiles of the square, poems related to the past dynasties are engraved everywhere, and parents can be seen everywhere taking their children to have a rest and recite poems, telling stories related to this place, adding a lot of poetry and painting under the beautiful scenery.

　　The children are singing poems. People’s Daily reporter Liu Weishe

　　It is reported that on weekdays, citizens often come here spontaneously to organize poetry readings. On the day of the reporter’s visit, members of Hebi City Recitation Association and students of Futian Primary School in the city performed wonderful recitation programs in Taibai Square. "Vote for me with papaya, with Joan Cheng. It’ s always good to report it. " While bowing, the children sang The Book of Songs Wei Feng Papaya with childish voices.

　　This city, which is closely connected with poetry, inherits the classics by combining modernity with tradition, and shows the profound cultural elegance of Qihe River Basin.

　　Protecting ecological damei wetland

　　Qihe River is Hebi’s mother river and life river. It rushes out from Taihang Mountain, giving birth to the misty Qianhe Lake, the Qiligou with clear water, the mysterious and romantic Jinshan Temple, the ancient Lutai Pavilion and the Qihe National Wetland Park with flocks of birds. In 2015, Qihe Ecological Zone was rated as "National Eco-tourism Demonstration Zone" by the National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of Environmental Protection. In 2021, the Hebi section of Qihe River, as the only river selected in Henan Province, was selected as the nomination case of "Beautiful Rivers and Lakes" by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

　　Qihe national wetland park. People’s Daily reporter Liu Weishe

　　Following the interview group, the reporter came to Qihe National Wetland Park and saw the reeds rippling by the clear river. "Duck Prophet of Spring River Water Heating", strolling in the garden, many ducks and geese are playing in the water, and peacocks are pacing on the shore. Red-crowned crane, gray crane, white-headed crane and gray-crowned crane … … In Heyuan, there are many rare cranes walking leisurely. According to the on-site commentator, there are 8 kinds of cranes in Heyuan, and there are more than 200 other birds. "Come to Hebi to see cranes" has become a new business card being built locally.

　　It is understood that Qihe National Wetland Park has a total area of 4,987 mu, of which the wetland area is 4,065 mu, and the wetland rate is 81.43%. The wetland park has diverse geological terrain, rich hot spring resources and good water quality, which provides an ideal growth environment for animals and plants.

　　"Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", it is reported that the local investment is nearly 400 million yuan to build water conservation forests, build ecological buffer zones and isolation zones, build ecological wetlands to restore rivers, and build an ecological protection circle of Qihe River, which combines arbor, shrub, grass, vine and humidity, and reproduces the Dameiqi River from the Book of Songs.

New Year’s Eve of four generations of train drivers： This is how they eat their New Year’s Eve dinner.

New Year's Eve of four generations of train drivers: This is how they eat their New Year's Eve dinner.

　　BEIJING, Shenyang, Feb. 16 (Shen Diancheng Gaobing) The train witnessed the wealth and civilization of the industrial age and the social development process of China. Train drivers in different times have different stories about Spring Festival travel rush.

　　Zhang Shunpu, a steam locomotive driver: Holding a steamed bun for New Year’s Eve dinner.

　　In Shenyang Railway Exhibition Hall, there is a Jiefang 6 steam locomotive: a dark car body, wheels more than one person high and a round chimney on the roof … … This is the steam locomotive that Zhang Shunpu, the train driver of Shenyang Locomotive Depot, has been driving for 14 years, and the locomotive with long smoke in the eyes of the people.

　　In 1984, Zhang Shunpu first boarded a liberated steam locomotive. At that time, the train was driven by three people, with a driver, a co-driver and a stoker. The driver and the co-driver operated the locomotive and the stoker was responsible for feeding coal. When the fireman is baking at a high temperature of more than 1000 degrees, he should throw the coal into the furnace shovel by shovel, and shake the burnt coal ash down the ash pit again and again with a shaker.

　　Zhang Shunpu said that because there is a long boiler in front of the locomotive room, we must stick our heads out of the window at any time during the driving so as to have a look. Throughout the crew process, the faces and bodies of the three of us are always getting gray. Some people teased the driver at that time that "he looks like a refugee from a distance, but he looks like a beggar from a near distance. If you look closely, it belongs to the locomotive depot".

　　What the locomotive depot said was the train driver. At that time, we chose steamed bread instead of rice. Steamed bread was convenient to eat. With a pinch of thumb and forefinger, we ate pickles. Finally, we threw away the remaining steamed bread with a black handprint. The New Year’s Eve dinner in those years was also eaten like this.

　　Diesel locomotive driver Yang Dongxu: Beautiful fireworks over New Year’s Eve.

　　In 1977, the first diesel locomotive was put into service in Shenyang Railway Bureau, and its power was much greater than that of steam locomotive, with a speed of 140 kilometers per hour. At present, although electric locomotives are popular, a certain number of diesel locomotives are still reserved because there is no power grid in some areas, especially in the extremely cold areas of Northeast China. Once it encounters rain, snow and freezing weather, diesel locomotives will "show their talents".

　　Yang Dongxu is the crew member of the Beijing-Dandong section of the Beijing-Pyongyang international passenger train, in which the DF11G diesel locomotive is used for traction between Shenyang and Dandong. Compared with steam locomotives, the working environment of diesel locomotives is much cleaner and more spacious, and the line situation in front of the operation can be directly observed in the cab. Due to the special nature of work, some train drivers can’t go home for reunion on New Year’s Eve, so they can only drive trains on the land of the motherland and shuttle between cities. Seeing distant lights and fireworks at night will also bring some comfort to their hearts.

　　For Yang Dongxu, this has also become a luxury, because he is responsible for more line tunnels between Shenyang and Dandong, with a total of 38 tunnels, the longest of which is 5,005 meters. When the diesel locomotive passes through the tunnel, it is dark all around, and the smoke from the locomotive is trapped in the tunnel and can’t be dispersed, and it seeps into the locomotive, which is very choking. In spite of this, Yang Dongxu also concentrated on driving, looked ahead, and did not dare to slack off, because the safety of nearly 1,000 passengers was behind him. When the train leaves the tunnel and gallops smoothly on the line, his mood will gradually calm down, and occasionally he will feel extremely happy and proud when he sees fireworks in the night sky.

　　Su Ying, the Third Generation Electric Locomotive Driver: One’s New Year’s Eve

　　In 2001, Shenyang Locomotive Depot began to assign the first electric locomotive — Shaoshan 9, which is a milestone for train drivers to enter the electric power era.

　　The output power of electric locomotives is two to three times that of diesel locomotives, and about five times that of steam locomotives. The capacity is greater, as the saying goes, "strength" is greater, and it is also high-tech — If the microcomputer fails, it can be handled through the touch-type microcomputer screen at hand, and it is basically unnecessary to go to the mechanical room for "baking inspection". Another example is the 6A fault monitoring system, in which seven cameras monitor important corners in the locomotive in real time, and can monitor the running status of the locomotive at any time.

　　In 2010, Su Ying started driving an electric locomotive, and she was so happy to see a clean environment and brand-new equipment. However, a slight deficiency is that it is too lonely. In 2008, the railway was reformed, which changed from a package ride system to a round ride system, and a single driver was implemented. From the previous "brothers traveling around the world together" to "riding alone for thousands of miles", the road became "lonely".

　　At other times, it’s easy to say, especially on the night of New Year’s Eve, people gather together in a warm home and greet the new year with joy. A train driver like Su Ying is far away from his family and is alone in the cab, full of emotions, joys and sorrows.

　　Qu Tao, the driver of high-speed train: 4 times a day to transport 5000 passengers.

　　The wheel of history has entered the era of high-speed rail. Qu Tao is a high-speed train driver in Shenyang Locomotive Depot. Before that, he drove diesel and electric locomotives, and then he was selected at different levels to become a high-speed train driver.

　　In his words, driving a EMU is "enjoyable". Electric locomotives walk 30 meters per second, and we walk 80 meters per second, just like flying a plane to the ground.

　　After becoming a high-speed train driver, not only the locomotive performance has changed, but also the business level has been required to be high, and other aspects have also changed greatly. For example, the maintenance period has been extended, and a multi-functional decompression chamber has been equipped to decompress the high-speed train driver through music, incense and other means, and a full-functional driving simulation room has been established. These "high-level" measures are aimed at ensuring the high-speed train driver to drive better.

　　For example, other locomotives require a lookout interval of no more than 3 seconds, while high-speed rail drivers require a lookout all the time, which puts higher demands on drivers’ energy and physical fitness.

　　Nowadays, traveling by bullet train and high-speed rail has gradually become people’s first choice, especially during their stay in Spring Festival travel rush, people want to return to their hometown more quickly. In order to meet this demand, the railway departments often add temporary passengers during their stay in Spring Festival travel rush, and the workload of high-speed rail drivers is much more than usual.

　　When he was in Spring Festival travel rush, Qu Tao took a ride four times a day at most, transporting about 5,000 passengers, which was nearly 30% more than usual. He either rested in the baoxiu room or drove online. When the train arrived safely and punctually, and the passenger came home for the New Year with a happy and joyful smile, he thought to himself: It is worthwhile to be tired and tired again! (End)

China’s beauty market is full of vitality (interpretation by experts)

Customers buy cosmetics in Haikou Riyue Square Duty Free Shop. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Chengshe

"China’s beauty market sales will exceed 1 trillion yuan in 2025." According to an article in Women’s World Daily, China has become the key to the growth of global beauty companies, driven by the increase of family income, the continuous influx of newcomers and the growing local brands.

At the "June 18th China International Beauty Summit Forum" held by Women’s World Daily, Gian positano, head of the Italian Cosmetics Federation, said that the beauty market in China is expected to reach 92.1 billion US dollars in 2022. The growth momentum will mainly come from the rapid growth of the male beauty products market and the rise of domestic beauty brands.

According to the report, China is not only a key consumer market and manufacturing center, but also a driving force for innovation. From setting up research and development centers to investment funds, many international beauty giants continue to expand their investment in China; At the same time, many local brands of beauty cosmetics in China began to internationalize in order to explore the international market. China beauty brands are still entering foreign markets through cross-border e-commerce.

In recent years, the beauty market in China is full of vitality, showing new development characteristics. First, the growth rate is fast and the coverage is wide. At present, the market scale of China’s beauty industry is gradually moving towards trillion level; Second, facial basic skin care is the core track, accounting for the largest market share, and the growth rate of sub-tracks such as makeup and makeup is also faster; Third, the male beauty market is developing rapidly, and major brands are competing to enter the market. In addition to "her economy", "other economy" has also quietly emerged; Fourth, domestic beauty brands have risen rapidly. Domestic brands have made remarkable progress in raw materials, formula and technology, and a large number of cutting-edge domestic brands such as Perfect Diary and Huaxizi have emerged.

China’s beauty market is booming, which is of great significance to promoting domestic and even global economic recovery. In terms of supply chain and industrial chain, the development of beauty industry is closely related to agriculture, biochemistry, glass industry, plastic industry, transportation industry and advertising industry, and many related industrial chains have been developed and integrated. This has a positive role in promoting the global industrial chain.

The unprecedented development of China’s beauty industry is the result of multiple factors.

First, with the continuous development of China’s economy, the main contradiction in today’s society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. Beauty products just meet the social needs and respect needs of consumers.

Secondly, more and more foreign excellent beauty brands have entered China, bringing advanced production technology, novel marketing methods and unique product concepts to the beauty market in China, promoting the industrial chain to be mature and perfect, and cultivating consumers in the beauty market in China to some extent.

Third, the consumer groups of beauty products in China are gradually expanding. With the rapid economic development, China people’s household income level and consumption power are constantly improving, and the demand for beauty products will also expand. In addition, some beauty brands have gone to other cities to explore the market after deep cultivation in first-and second-tier cities, and gained more sustained positive growth momentum.

Fourthly, the change of consumption concept provides a broad market for the development of beauty products in China. Generation Z consumers are the core consumer groups in the future beauty market.

Fifth, new social and marketing platforms such as live broadcast have expanded rapidly. The rise of social media, such as Little Red Book Assessment, online celebrity Live Delivery and KOL, has strongly promoted the development of China’s beauty market.

With the development of economy, the progress of science and technology and the change of consumer groups, there will be some new trends in China’s beauty market. First of all, driven by "Yan value economy", the influence of "Z generation" on the beauty market should not be underestimated. Secondly, digital transformation is the general trend. Digital transformation of layout is conducive to grasping the core channels of beauty products, such as credit payment method, digital marketing concept, digital network sales channels and so on. Finally, Guochao brand has great development potential. "Generation Z" consumers have a high degree of cultural self-confidence, preferring China elements and national brands, and new publicity strategies and marketing methods such as "co-branding" are loved by consumers.

If China’s beauty market wants to achieve steady and healthy development, it needs to firmly grasp the development direction. From the core competitiveness of beauty products, we should pay attention to the independent research and innovation of product formulas, establish a "moat" of domestic brands, and gain a place in the global beauty industry chain; From the special properties of beauty products, we should enhance the experience and efficacy of beauty products and enhance customer stickiness. As an "experience product", consumers will pay special attention to the core ingredients and actual use effect; From the perspective of development trend, we should focus on digital transformation, put product design and research and development, industrial chain operation and customer loyalty system on a digital platform, and then make a comprehensive layout of digitalization; From the perspective of sustainability, green materials should be used to promote sustainable development. Beauty products are "fast-moving consumer goods", and packaging materials will produce a lot of carbon emissions when they are processed. The country strongly advocates "carbon integration". If beauty brands can pay attention to sustainable development and combine with the major policies advocated by the country, it will not only benefit the brand itself, but also help the environmental development.

(Interview with Zhou Ying)