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Life lies in exercise, but you need to master the ＂health ladder＂ of exercise! How to exercise is reasonable？

As the saying goes, life lies in exercise, which is true at all. Moderate exercise can improve cardiopulmonary function, promote systemic blood circulation and relieve nervous mood. However, there must be a degree in everything, and the same is true for sports. You need to choose the right sports according to your own situation, and you can’t blindly pursue quantity and duration. If the amount of exercise is insufficient, the body function will slowly deteriorate; Excessive exercise will cause persistent muscle pain, irritability and loss of appetite, and at the same time, it will also reduce immunity and increase the damage to bones and joints.

1. Exercise intensity

Exercise intensity, as its name implies, is the strength spent in exercise, which is determined by the type and purpose of exercise. There are different ways to measure the intensity of exercise, such as jogging or brisk walking. The intensity is measured by the target bull’s-eye rate and based on the maximum heart rate, which is equal to 220 minus age. The bull’s-eye rate of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise ranges from 60% to 80% of the maximum heart rate, and strength training needs to measure the exercise intensity by weight and repetition times.

2. Motion frequency

Exercise frequency refers to the interval time of exercise, and the optimal frequency is determined by the type and purpose of exercise. If the purpose of exercise is to lose weight, at least 300 minutes of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise a week can reduce weight and body fat; If the purpose of exercise is to maintain good health, you need to have 150 minutes of aerobic exercise a week, and then match it with 2~3 days of strength training.

3. Exercise time

Exercise time refers to the duration of exercise, which is determined by the type of exercise, the purpose of fitness and the level of exercise. At the beginning, you can do aerobic exercise first, and the exercise time is about 15~20 minutes, and the exercise intensity is well controlled; If you want to enhance flexibility through exercise, make sure that each muscle group stretches for about 15 seconds and repeat it three times; If you want to enhance your cardiopulmonary endurance, the duration of high-intensity exercise should not be less than 20 minutes.

4. Type of exercise

There are many types of sports, such as aerobic training, flexibility and resistance training, etc. The specific types of sports are divided into cycling swimming, weightlifting and running, squat and so on. You need to choose the right type of exercise according to your own sports purpose.

1. Moderate intensity exercise

Moderate intensity exercise is equivalent to brisk walking for half an hour to an hour every day. Such activities include walking, shopping, housework and gardening. You can walk more in your daily life for at least half an hour every day.

2, high-intensity aerobic exercise

Common high-intensity aerobic exercises include climbing mountains, swimming and jogging, climbing stairs and aerobics, etc. Exercise at least 3~5 times a week for no less than 20 minutes each time to ensure that the exercise heart rate needs to reach the target heart rate.

3, high-intensity competitive sports and leisure sports

Such sports include basketball, football or tennis, as well as dancing, skating and skiing. Such sports can not only improve heart and lung function, but also cultivate sentiment. Obese or overweight people can choose swimming, which can reduce the joint load.

4, muscle fitness exercise

This kind of sports have their own weight-bearing resistance training, as well as resistance training by equipment, such as dumbbell weight-bearing and elastic belt exercises, which are done at least 2~3 times a week.

5. Flexible exercise

Flexibility exercise includes practicing yoga, dynamic stretching or static stretching, which can be arranged after aerobic exercise or resistance training for 15~30 seconds each time.

Tips

Adults should exercise at least 30-60 minutes every day, and at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week. Try to arrange the winter exercise time at noon or afternoon, and the morning exercise time should not be too early, at least after the sun comes out.

# Family Doctor Super Team # # Health Science Qualifying Competition #

The online manuscript of family doctor shall not be reproduced without authorization.

References:

1. "Too low has no effect, and too much is easy to damage! Exercise has a "healthy ladder", Life Times, November 24, 2020.

2. Exercise has a "healthy ladder", Solitary Core Entertainment, November 23, 2020.

Football physical fitness： how do I maintain my physical fitness during the season？

Hello, everyone, today we share how I keep fit during the season. I hope you like it!

front cover

In 2020, Joshua kimmich scored the winner in the match with Dortmund. In that match, he ran 13.73 kilometers. This is the sport of football and kicking. In this sport, most of the running is not jogging, sprinting, walking, jogging and then sprinting. Because of this, the best way to improve physical fitness is to carry out high-intensity training.

We can achieve this goal by sprinting or intermittent training, but the least boring way to improve physical fitness is to use the ball for high-intensity training, which is also the focus of today. Today we will share the training methods to keep in shape during the season. Let’s officially start:

warm up

Before we start training, make sure that we have fully warmed up, do some dynamic stretching and sprinting, so that all our fast muscles will be activated, thus reducing the risk of muscle strain. Take 10 minutes to relax, and then start formal training.

Figure 1- Warm up

This is the only part that does not include the ball, and it is one of the very good agility and quick training.

We can find a friend, or install an application on our mobile phone, which can flash colors and numbers for us for 10 times as a group. I

Figure 2- Fast Move on Command

When our cell phones flash or our friends shout out a color, we sprint to the sign plate and then go back to the middle. About 30 seconds, depending on the length of the interval. In short, do five groups and rest for 30 seconds between each group.

Figure 3- Gap Time

The rest of the training is divided into three small cycles. The first cycle is what we see now. Before Ronaldinho’s dribbling training and shooting, he makes a 30-yard sprint dribble.

Figure 4- Fast Dribble

This training is great, because it can train our dribbling speed, dribble in a narrow space, and persist in dribbling when we are tired.

Figure 5- Exercise dribbling speed

It’s a hard training, but it’s important for us to keep high shooting quality. Imagine that we will be very tired in the 80th minute of the game, so even if we are tired, we should be able to shoot correctly.

Figure 6- Correct Shooting

In this cycle exercise, we can jog or walk back to the starting point as a break between repeated exercises.

If we only have one or two balls, run after them, make sure we are jogging, then jog back to the starting point, and then give yourself an extra 30 seconds to rest.

Figure 7- Jogging or Walking

In addition, because it takes a long time to start each action, you should do it for 15 minutes before continuing this circular action, and it should be very fast.

Before entering the second cycle, give yourself three to five minutes to rest. We should make sure that each cycle has intensity, and even if we are tired, we should work 100%.

Figure 8- Guaranteed Strength

In the second cycle, we make 10 passes to the wall, then zigzag dribble to practice turning and dribbling, then rush out and beat the last sign plate with one of our actions.

Figure 9- Passing the ball to the wall

Put the sign plate 8 to 10 yards away, make sure we don’t go straight through it, rush out of the sign plate for at least a few steps, then cut back the sign plate and walk back to the starting point.

Figure 10- Switch back the sign plate

Once again, this is our break time, and a sign plate is set for passing the ball on the wall to ensure that we keep good habits when passing the ball and that we will not be lazy.

This cycle improves our ability to pass, touch the ball with the first foot, dribble and cut inside with the ball, and the ability of all 1V1 to beat the defender.

All this will make our leg muscles stronger, and at the same time enhance our heart and lung function. Do it for 10 minutes, and then rest for three to five minutes before continuing.

Figure 11- Cardiopulmonary Enhancement

The hardest part was left to the end. Many people hated doing this exercise, but it was the simplest exercise, and it was timed in 10 minutes.

Start by running back and forth, run to the small restricted area and then run to the penalty spot at the back, then run to the top of the restricted area and come back.

Figure 12- Simple exercise

After the round-trip run, start bouncing the ball as soon as possible, don’t rest for a few seconds before starting, and then bounce the ball 30 times before starting the next round-trip run.

Figure 13- Start the ball.

The key point here is that if we screw up and drop the ball, then we need to start the next round trip immediately, which puts pressure on the ball-passing part to ensure that we concentrate on the ball-passing and strive to maintain the quality.

If we don’t have this kind of pressure, then we will drop a few times, then pick up the ball on foot, and then continue to bounce the ball and give ourselves a long rest. After 10 minutes, we have finished the hardest part, but we are not completely finished.

Figure 14- No End

Although this is not the main part of training, it is very important to do 5 to 10 minutes of cold-body exercise, which will make our muscles less tense and help us recover from the next training.

Figure 15- Let the muscles loose.

Don’t skip this link, do some static stretching or the same dynamic movement as before, but with less intensity.

Figure 16- Don’t try to hide from the tiger

That’s all for today. Please continue to pay attention to the road of football for more exciting football teaching!

0 am! The Beijing media made a controversial report： China football became a joke, and fans swore.

At 0: 00 a.m. Beijing time on November 3rd, after the China women’s football team was confirmed to miss the Paris Olympic Games, Beijing Youth Daily reported on it. They said that Song Kai, president of the China Football Association, watched the live broadcast of the women’s football match between China and South, and had a very clear understanding of the current problems and difficulties faced by the women’s football team in China. Such reports also caused great controversy and discussion.

"Song Kai watched the live broadcast of the women’s football match between China and South Korea," wrote Beijing Youth Daily. Prior to this, he also went to the scene to watch the first round of China-DPRK women’s football match in the Olympic preliminaries at this stage.

The new head of China Women’s Football Association has a very clear understanding of the current problems and difficulties. China Football Association will also join hands with representatives from all aspects of women’s football field to conduct in-depth research and communication to discuss the future of women’s football in China. "

From the report of Beijing Youth Daily, we can see that Song Kai had a clear understanding of the team’s problems by watching the women’s football match in China. Although the media did not disclose more information, their report not only made China football a joke, but also attracted a lot of fans’ condemnation.

A goal said, "You can have a clear understanding after watching a game, Niu, don’t you talk nonsense?" Some fans also said: "These reporters have a profound knowledge of writing, and they understand it all the time. He knows it is useless. How can it help?" Onlookers said they were looking forward to it. "

Of course, some fans said: "Football professionals have not understood the whole thing for decades. He knows everything after watching a game. This is not a genius." "The somebody else’s head coach all dare not say understand, see a didn’t even see the complete game to understand? Who believes this? "

The games I played as a child and the words I wrote at the end

Hello, hello, friends. I have written several issues on the topic of childhood games. The rest of the little game wants to be made into an issue. After these issues, this topic will come to an end.

When I was a child, I lived in the countryside. Besides helping adults, I went out to have fun with my friends every day. Although there are not so many electronic products and game machines, we have a world of our own, sometimes in the yard, sometimes in the alley, sometimes in the streets and lanes, and sometimes in the wilderness or in the ravine canal. These places are always full of laughter. Let’s see what other childhood games are there. Let’s review them together.

The first is hide and seek.

Hide-and-seek is usually a game played by children, which is very interesting. Find a hidden place to hide and others will look for it. If he finds it, it will be his turn to find someone else. This game is suitable for some old houses or places with complex terrain, and it is full of adventure spirit. Sometimes, you will find some surprises that even adults can’t find at ordinary times.

Second marble

For a while, everyone will bring their beloved marbles, that is, glass balls, which are all green at first, and then some people will bring colorful ones, which is really arrogant! When you play, you will find a flat ground on the roadside or in the community, dig a few small holes and row the line. Whoever can bounce the ball in will win the opponent, and there are other ways to play, but in any case, we will try our best to win.

The third is bungee jumping.

Girls play bungee jumping games a lot. Need two or more people to play together. You need to tie the rubber band to your ankle, then jump over the rubber band flexibly and make various movements in the air. I have to sing, I believe everyone has heard of it.

The fourth is skipping rope.

Jumping rope is not the same as bungee jumping. At that time, skipping rope was generally hemp rope, which was very simple. Find a flat ground first, and then start skipping rope. There are competitions to see who jumps more times, and there are also many people jumping together. That kind of jumping is called jumping a strong rope, which needs to jump together and fall together. It is very lively.

The fifth is throwing sandbags.

Boys and girls can play the game of throwing sandbags. Draw a grid on the ground. The first player should quickly run into the grid and follow the drawn route. The outsiders throw sandbags at him, and the people inside either catch sandbags or avoid them, so as not to hit the body with sandbags as much as possible. Looking at their crooked and embarrassed appearance in order to hide from sandbags, everyone was so happy that they couldn’t keep back.

The sixth is kicking shuttlecock.

Shuttlecock kicking is never out of date, and there are still people playing it in the community now. At that time, most people played alone to see who played the most, and some people played in a big circle like now. I didn’t buy the shuttlecock, I made it all by myself. Sometimes, the shuttlecock kicked into the tree and couldn’t get it off, so I climbed up the tree and shook it down.

Besides, there are some games and toys. These lost childhood toys and games, though seemingly simple, are the most precious memories. In the process of playing these simple games,

However, it contains a lot of quaint ideas, full of rich imagination and small dreams, which makes the childhood life of material poverty rich and colorful. At the end of 2023, people always like to summarize and recall. Let’s throw away the past unhappiness and enter the new year of 2024. I wish everyone a childlike innocence forever, always young, and still a teenager when they return! (December 6, 2023)

Stay away from the ＂swimming shoulder＂ Four postures make swimming more enjoyable

Recently, high temperature warnings have been issued in many places. The heat is unbearable, and many people choose swimming, which can not only cool down and exercise, but also lose weight, burn fat and shape their bodies. However, improper swimming posture can also cause harm to the body. Wang Jing, director of the Department of Bone and Joint and Sports Medicine of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, reminded netizens to be careful about "swimming shoulders".

What is a "swimming shoulder"?

Swimming is a sport that uses the shoulder joint the most frequently. "Swimming shoulder" is mainly caused by the frequent movements of the shoulder joint over the head when swimming, which leads to the collision between the subacromial coracoacromial ligament and the greater tubercle or rotator cuff tendon, resulting in subacromial bursitis and rotator cuff tendinitis, and the shoulder pain is induced.

In addition, when swimming, the upper arm needs to fully rotate and abduct, and the upper arm repeatedly exerts its strength. At the same time, due to the resistance of water, it exerts great pressure on the shoulder, and excessive exercise will lead to tendon injury of the shoulder joint.

What are the symptoms of "swimming shoulder"?

The clinical symptoms of "swimming shoulder" mainly include shoulder pain, including rest pain, exercise pain, nocturnal pain and movement disorder.

Specifically, acute injury is characterized by severe pain in the shoulder and decreased abduction ability of the shoulder; In chronic injury, the shoulder is dull and painful, while in abduction, the abduction is limited. In the early stage, it is often manifested as shoulder pain at rest or at night, decreased activity, weakened strength, etc., and symptoms such as persistent pain and frozen shoulders will appear in the later stage.

Which strokes are prone to "swimming shoulder"?

Compared with other strokes, people in freestyle, butterfly and backstroke are more likely to suffer from "swimming shoulder". Because the shoulder joint frequently moves above the head, the ligament under the acromion, the greater tubercle of humerus and the rotator cuff tendon repeatedly hit, resulting in local injury of the shoulder joint.

For example, in freestyle, the internal rotators such as pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi are often used in the "pull" stage, while the external rotators such as deltoid and infraspinatus are often used in the "recovery" stage. Generally speaking, the external rotator is weak and easily injured. However, the basic posture of breaststroke determines that its shoulder movement range is small, so it will be relatively better.

It should be noted that no matter what kind of swimming stroke, if the swimming action is not standardized, uncoordinated or too long, lack of sufficient warm-up and excessive exercise intensity, the shoulders will be in an excessive state of exercise.

How to prevent "swimming shoulder"?

First, the preparation activities should be sufficient. Warm up well before swimming, such as bending your head forward, leaning back and rotating your back from side to side for more than 10~15 times to move your neck; Shoulder shrug, arm circle drawing and chest expansion exercise 10~15 times each to move shoulders and chest; Stretch your legs, bend over, touch your toes with your hands, bend your knees, bend your hips and squat, and stand up alternately for 10 to 15 times to move your knees;

The second is to pay attention to maintaining the correct posture. The body is in a flat floating state, relaxed and stretched, the coordination of hand and foot movements is in place, and the swimming speed is balanced. It is not advisable to be too fast or too fierce;

The third is to control the swimming time reasonably. Each swimming time should not be too long, and it is recommended not to exceed 1 hour;

Fourth, relax properly after swimming. By stretching muscle ligaments, regulating breathing and supplementing nutrition, the body can recover better.

Remind that once you have shoulder discomfort, you should stop swimming. After 1-2 weeks of rest, the pain is still not relieved, so you need to seek medical advice in time.

How to treat "swimming shoulder"

It is recommended to stop all pain-inducing activities or training. At present, effective treatments include: using anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (oral, topical or local injection), ice compress, acupuncture exercise therapy, physical therapy and rehabilitation exercise.

If the above conservative treatment fails or rotator cuff tears occur, surgical repair should be performed as soon as possible.

Editor: Geng Jieyu

Independent games, showing different scenery

Independent games, showing different scenery

—— The Curriculum Reform of Preschool Education in xinghua city, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province

One by one, the children boarded the "platform", simulated divers, jumped from the "springboard" and cheered and enjoyed the challenge. After landing, they bounced off the cushion, wiped the sweat from their foreheads, and scrambled to board the platform with a smile …

This is a video of outdoor games in Zhaoyang Central Kindergarten, xinghua city, Taizhou, Jiangsu. As the experimental area of "Anji Game Promotion Plan" of the Ministry of Education, in recent years, xinghua city has actively implemented the national preschool education reform policy. Under the guidance of "Guide to Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6" and "Guide to Evaluation of Kindergarten Conservation Education Quality", Anji Game and Jiangsu Curriculum Gamification Project have been integrated and implemented, which has comprehensively promoted the curriculum reform of preschool education and greatly improved the quality of preschool education.

Children in the central kindergarten of Dainan Town, xinghua city are playing a slide game on the hillside. Photo by Ji Ling

Back and Wait: Seeing Different Children

The "platform jumping" in the video consists of two Anji boxes, a ladder and a long board. The protagonist in the game is Shun Shun, a big boy.

An outdoor game in November, 2022, I like to climb the challenge smoothly, and I think it is too easy to climb the Anji box, so I decided to build two boxes. He called his companion Xiaojun, but the box was so tall and heavy that it was really impossible to build it.

Liu Xiaoqin, a teacher in Shunshun’s class, said, "In the past, as an observer and supporter of children’s games, I would’ can’t help’ helping them solve the problems in the game. The "Guidelines for the Quality Assessment of Kindergarten Conservation Education" puts forward the requirement of’ not rushing to intervene or interfere with children’s activities’. Faced with this scene, I chose to stand back and wait, leaving children with more opportunities for trial and error, exploration and reflection. "

In the subsequent "game story" characterization and "one-on-one listening record", Liu Xiaoqin learned about Shunshun’s troubles, and asked Shunshun to introduce his plans and difficulties in the collective sharing session, which aroused the interest of the children in the class, and they made suggestions and offered suggestions one after another.

The next day, Shunshun called his friends and found boards to put on the bottom box, forming a slope. Everyone joined forces to build the second box with the help of the slope. The high platform was put up, and the children had a whim, played new tricks, built a "springboard" and played "diving" …

"From the practice of building a base box to the representation record, and then to the platform change, in the independent game, children have achieved effective development in many fields such as health, language, society, science and art, and cultivated good learning quality and personality quality." Fan Henghua, a researcher at xinghua city Teacher Development Center, said, "Teachers have found different children in the process of retreating and waiting patiently, and realized that children are active and capable learners, which has reshaped their views on children and education."

It is a microcosm of curriculum reform in xinghua city that teachers stand back and wait to let children develop and grow in autonomous games.

The reporter learned that there are 94 kindergartens in xinghua city. Influenced by the unique topography, economy, population and other factors, preschool education in the city is scattered, started late and developed slowly. For a long time, there have been some problems: the renewal of teachers’ ideas and the lag of professional development; Kindergarten curriculum relies too much on teachers’ books and ignores children’s dominant position; Children in kindergarten environment have insufficient vision and are not suitable; The development between urban and rural areas, regions and gardens is unbalanced.

In order to promote children’s all-round development and happy growth, xinghua city Education Bureau thoroughly implemented the two Guides and deepened the reform of preschool education. In 2020, it successfully applied for the project of promoting curriculum gamification in Jiangsu Province, and in 2021, it became the experimental area of "Anji Game Promotion Plan" of the Ministry of Education, which accelerated the pace of promoting kindergarten curriculum reform in the region.

Children in the central kindergarten of Zhuhong Town, xinghua city play punting games with foam floating boards and PVC pipes. Wang weishe

Listening and observing: approaching real children

"Unexpectedly, in just a few months, the children in our class have become talkative and lively." Fan Jianqin, a kindergarten teacher in xinghua city, said.

Fan Jianqin’s class is Class 2. In her impression, in the past, kindergarten was mainly based on collective teaching activities, and children’s imagination and creativity were limited by the teacher’s perspective and the operation of high-structure game materials. Some children are quiet in the class group, but they are considered as symbols of obedience and understanding, and their real voices are not fully heard. With the deepening of curriculum reform, these children are awakened and discovered in the "one-on-one listening record" of teachers, and they become willing to express themselves and get personalized development.

In the process of curriculum reform, seeing children, understanding children, respecting children and believing in children are important prerequisites for effectively carrying out educational activities and supporting children’s meaningful learning, and are also the key and difficult points for improving teachers’ professional level. In practice, Xinghua preschool teachers find that observation, listening and dialogue are important ways for teachers to know children, especially "one-on-one listening record", which is easy to operate and has obvious effects, and is a "fast track" for teachers to know children and build a good relationship between teachers and children.

According to the actual situation of teachers, xinghua city Education Bureau puts forward three requirements for kindergartens in the city: First, from the level of curriculum implementation, we should give free support to children’s independent games, and thoroughly implement the "game story" representation, one-on-one listening and recording, collective sharing and other links to help teachers understand children’s thinking, experience and needs face to face in listening and dialogue, and approach real children. Second, from the teaching and research level, teachers are required to use mobile phones and other equipment to record children’s game activities, and then through various levels of teaching and research activities, the real game scenes of children are presented, and the interest, learning and development level behind children’s game behaviors are interpreted. Third, from the training level, through regional alliances, famous teacher studios and other platforms, we will promote the professional reading and training of principals and teachers, promote teachers to constantly update their concepts, and improve their theoretical level and professional ability to observe and interpret children’s behaviors.

At the same time, the preschool teachers and researchers of the Municipal Education Bureau went deep into kindergarten research and guidance to help kindergartens find, analyze and solve problems, carry out reflective practice, and promote the transformation of kindergartens in practice and reflection.

Xiao Yiyun, a kindergarten teacher in Dainan Town Center, said: "I began to learn to squat down and observe, sit down and listen, observe, listen and record every day, understand children’s real interests and needs, reflect on the development contained in children’s game behavior, interpret children’s game stories, and give further adjustment and support based on this."

Through study, practice, reflection and communication, teachers’ ideas are gradually clear, their understanding of children is deeper, and they respect, trust and follow children more sincerely.

Optimization and burden reduction: finding great children

Recently, a video of children playing outdoors in township kindergartens became popular on the Internet. In kindergartens with flowing bridges and reeds, children wear red life-saving vests, some paddle and paddle in the river, some swim and climb on banks, docks and bridges, and laughter fills the whole playground.

This video was taken by a parent of Zhuhong Town Central Kindergarten in xinghua city. In order to meet the children’s demand for games, the park has carefully built an outdoor activity venue with the characteristics of Xinghua water town, and built artificial canals with local wild interests and arch bridges, suspension bridges and single-plank bridges with different shapes. There are ecological planting areas of reeds, arrowheads, lotus roots, water chestnuts and water chestnuts, as well as sand ponds, mud ponds, gullies, sloping fields with different heights and flat land and passages with different materials …

"These can bring different experiences and feelings to children during the game, and stimulate children’s interest in continuous exploration." Director Shen Lei said.

Environment, materials and time are the basic conditions for children’s play. In order to solve the problem that the environment creation is not suitable enough and needs to be optimized urgently, xinghua city has increased the financial guarantee, set up pre-school education development guidance funds, and guided and supported old kindergartens to carry out suitable transformation of indoor and outdoor environment. After the transformation, the outdoor environment of kindergartens in the city is more natural and wild, the playground is more open, the game materials are less structured and challenging, and the optimization of the external environment gives children more room to release their nature and explore challenges.

Children in Zhaoyanghu Kindergarten in xinghua city are playing graffiti games. Photo by Lu Juan

"The children in the newly rebuilt sand in our kindergarten are so cute that I can’t write more recent stories." A teacher in an feng Central Kindergarten said with emotion.

Behind the repeated adjustment and updating of environment, materials and time are the in-depth thinking and exploration of managers and front-line teachers. Zhou Hua, deputy director of Dainan Town Central Kindergarten, said: "Every adjustment and optimization is the embodiment of the spirit of Anji Game and the process of teachers’ growth. We deeply understand that there is no end to curriculum reform. Only by taking children as the foundation, following and supporting children and creating a suitable and secure environment for them can children live happily and meaningfully. "

In fact, at the beginning of the implementation of "Anji Game", kindergartens encountered a lot of "distress" because of lack of understanding and understanding. For example, some kindergartens pay too much attention to the writing of observation notes, game cases and other copywriting, and value quantity over quality, which is regarded as a main indicator to assess teachers’ work performance; Some kindergartens ignore the actual situation such as teacher-child ratio and teacher’s proficiency in operation, and mechanically implement the daily requirement of "one-on-one listening record" … All these reasons lead to heavy workload and pressure for teachers, so they can’t let children play their own games and record their representations, listen to their children one-on-one attentively, and have no time for retrospective reflection.

In order to solve these "troubles", xinghua city Education Bureau starts from the root causes and takes many measures to reduce the burden on teachers. For example, resolutely cancel the teaching books used by children, minimize the collective activities preset by teachers, and replace the original lesson preparation notes with retrospective reflection records; According to the actual situation of kindergartens, the number of teachers’ "one-on-one listening records" per day should be weakened; Replace the original decorative environment with children’s real records and representations; Optimize and adjust weekly plans and monthly plans, and cancel mechanical duplication, numerous and unnecessary paperwork …

"Without the director’s letting go of the teacher, there would be no teacher’s letting go of the children." Teng Yan, deputy director of the Education Bureau of xinghua city, said with deep feelings, "In the initial stage of curriculum reform, only by effectively reducing the burden on teachers and slowing down the convergence slope can teachers have more time and energy to observe, listen, talk and reflect every day, so as to really and effectively approach children, find children and understand children."

"Xinghua’s preschool education has developed so fast, it is not worse than big cities at all. My child is in kindergarten with you! " In the autumn semester of 2022, a parent who brought his children from Beijing to his hometown and entered the park nearby said that the independent games implemented by the kindergarten made the children free and happy and reluctant to leave.

"Entering a new era and embarking on a new journey, Xinghua preschool education should continue to improve its connotation quality, stick to the position of children, take project construction and curriculum construction as the starting point, renew its concept, discover and develop children in open and diverse and spiritual educational activities, and push forward the’ education for young children’ to’ education for young children’." Gu Xiaobin, director of xinghua city Education Bureau, said. (Correspondent Cai Weihua Gu Risheng Our reporter Ji Xiujun)

short review

Reform does not need short theory, but real practice.

Xinghua city is located in the north of Taizhou, Jiangsu Province. As the experimental area of Anji Game Promotion Plan of the Ministry of Education, it also faces many questions in the early stage of reform: If the kindergarten curriculum reform is implemented, will teachers really not use books and teach collectively? With these questions, along the way, Xinghua preschool teachers continue to gain surprises and self-confidence, which makes people sigh their courage and courage to turn reform ideas into reality.

Reform should firmly grasp the policy direction and "national position." The choice of national education policy in different periods must have its background, and we should consider who to train, who to train and how to train people at this historical stage. Xinghua preschool teachers carry out the practical action of "children are capable self-learners", giving full play to children’s potential and initiative, which embodies the position of universal development of preschool education in China. This pattern and position are determined from the height of national education. At the same time, Xinghua preschool teachers take the initiative to find the common ground between Anji Games and Jiangsu Province’s curriculum gamification projects, and find the combination of curriculum reform ideas on the premise of "freedom, autonomy, pleasure and creation". The leader of xinghua city Education Bureau made a decisive decision: "If you have an argument, you can do it first! Without practice, you can’t see the development of children in the game, and adults have no right to speak. " This guiding measure ensures the implementation of the "children-oriented" game concept.

Reformers should have educational ideals and feelings. In Xinghua’s reform, we can see that the teacher-oriented "teaching material goal" and "high-control game" have gradually withdrawn from the stage and been replaced by "true" games that can give children the right to play. Behind this word "true", it is to "reduce the burden" for teachers and contains the educational pursuit of "getting rid of falsehood and seeking truth". In the face of a "game revolution", many "breaks" and "stands" are also innovations in many pre-school education concepts and elements. The courage of reformers comes from their persistence and persistence in educational ideals and beliefs. A group of reformers with educational feelings have gradually formed an internalization and understanding of the "game spirit" in more than two years’ practice, have a sense of responsibility for children’s development, and firmly believe that "the castle peak will not relax", constantly sum up experiences and lessons from setbacks and disputes, and usher in a brand-new realm of "a village with a bright future".

The reform has brought about changes in the "professional development ecosystem". The administration, teaching research and kindergarten teachers of xinghua city Education Bureau unite and cooperate with each other, complementing each other’s advantages, and jointly stay in the "game reform scene" to discuss "understanding children" and "discovering children"; Front-line teachers constantly change their views on children and education in game observation and one-on-one listening and dialogue, breaking the previous context of professional growth of teachers led by "experts". Facts have proved that the cooperative partnership based on "real" scene and solving "problems" has reshaped the teaching and research community, spawned practical wisdom and cracked the dilemma of separating educational theory from practice.

In the practice of Anji game education, Xinghua preschool teachers have initially found the way to improve the quality of education, but they should also be soberly aware that any reform can not be achieved overnight. Facing the practical problems such as unbalanced development between urban and rural areas, regions and gardens, and scattered distribution, how to embody fair, just and balanced development for all needs to be continuously explored and deepened.

(Author: Zhou Xin, a professor at the School of Preschool Education of Jiangsu Second Normal University)

Source: China Education News.

Can you really play badminton？ Standard badminton basic action diagram

There are many badminton lovers, and people can be seen playing badminton downstairs in the community, in the leisure square, in the school gymnasium, etc. Even if you have never taken badminton lessons, you can learn the basic movements and play a few rounds just by watching.

However, it is not a long-term solution to play like this occasionally. After all, the incorrect playing posture only makes it difficult for you to improve your level, while the incorrect way of exerting force is easy to hurt your body.

Today, Xiaobian will share with you a textbook-like diagram of basic movements of badminton. Hurry up and collect your fingers and learn slowly! ! !

Badminton backhand net front hook diagonal

Badminton backhand pick

Badminton backhand high ball

Badminton backhand lob

Badminton backhand backhand passive backhand.

Although swimming is good, attention should be paid to health problems!

With the coming of summer, more and more people choose swimming as a way of fitness exercise. However, swimming venues are public places, and there are many complex health influencing factors. If you don’t pay attention to hygiene, you are likely to get sick during swimming. Keep this swimming tips in the pool, and spend a healthy and happy summer via China’s disease control trends.

Source: Zhejiang Publishing

How is the domestic beauty explosion made？

Customers are trying on makeup at the Perfect Diary Guangzhou Zhengjia Store. Perfect diary for the picture

A joint lip balm jointly launched by shanghai jahwa’s Meijiajing and White Rabbit. Photo courtesy of Tmall

The perfect diary and the 16-color eye shadow jointly launched by China National Geographic magazine. Perfect diary for the picture

On the cosmetics track, China brand is facing the situation of "falling behind at the start". China customers really began to accept the concept of cosmetics consumption after the reform and opening up, but at this time, foreign brands have accumulated huge advantages in capital, technology and publicity.

However, local cosmetics companies have not been "routed" as many people feared, but have gradually gained a foothold. What’s the secret? In recent years, a number of emerging domestic beauty brands have emerged, which makes consumers exclaim "the light of domestic products". What are the reasons behind it?

The reporter visited two China cosmetics companies: shanghai jahwa and Yixian E-commerce. The former is a century-old shop established in 1898, and it owns famous brands such as herborist, Liushen, Yuze and Meijiajing. The latter is a cutting-edge market that was born in 2016, and its "perfect diary" has become one of the hottest domestic makeup brands in recent years. Through their stories, we may be able to find the answer to the rise of domestic cosmetics.

Shanghai jahwa: a century-old shop with a new look.

In 1915, the cosmetics "Shuangmei" brand "Pink Cream" from China won the gold medal in the evaluation of Panama World Expo in San Francisco, USA.

This "Shuangmei" brand, which was widely welcomed by celebrities at that time, was produced by China Guangshenghang, one of the oldest national enterprises in the daily chemical industry, which was established in 1898. After the founding of New China, Guangshenghang changed its name to "Shanghai Household Chemicals Factory" after several reforms, mergers and reorganizations, which is today’s shanghai jahwa. Its brands such as "Meijiajing" Pearl Tremella Cream and "Ya Shuang" Cream, which were launched in the 1960s, have long been the collective memory of generations of Chinese people.

However, even shanghai jahwa, a local industry leader with profound knowledge, has a big gap with international cosmetics giants in terms of technology accumulation and market expansion. However, shanghai jahwa skillfully used the strategy of "Tian Ji Horse Racing" and broke out his own road of differentiated development.

The second trick is to "avoid its sharpness and open up a new track for Chinese medicine." No matter at home or abroad, consumers have a common pursuit for the "natural" attribute of cosmetics. Traditional Chinese medicine has a unique advantage as a cosmetic raw material because of its natural selection of materials and outstanding efficacy. If there is a clear gap between China enterprises and foreign brands in chemical technology in consumers’ impression, the gap is not obvious in the new track of Chinese medicine cosmetics, and even China enterprises are more knowledgeable.

Shanghai jahwa keenly grasped this point, and used the compound concept of "monarch, minister and assistant" in traditional Chinese medicine (that is, blindly taking Chinese medicine as the main ingredient, supplemented by several flavors) to prepare raw materials, thus creating a unique brand of Chinese herbal medicine cosmetics "herborist". "herborist" was a great success once it was launched. In 2008, it entered the Sephora cosmetics store on the Champs Elysé es, becoming the first cosmetics brand in China to go abroad.

"Domestic brands have a better understanding of China consumers and are better at telling brand stories with Chinese expressions." When summing up the competitive advantages of China brands and foreign brands, the relevant person in charge in shanghai jahwa told reporters. At the same time, the new product development of foreign brands often needs to be approved by the headquarters first, and shanghai jahwa believes that "local enterprises have a faster response speed in decision-making, consumer communication and channel adjustment and upgrading."

For the cosmetics market in China, it is easy to make a single "explosion" with differentiation strategy, but it is difficult for enterprises to grow at a high speed for a long time. Since 2003, local brands such as "Little Nurse", "Dabao" and "Ding Jiayi" have been acquired by foreign investors, and then they have been silent. Some insiders believe that relying too much on a single product is one of the reasons why these local enterprises are unsustainable.

In this regard, shanghai jahwa decisively adopted a multi-brand strategy to build its own "moat". On the one hand, the continuous research and development of "herborist" series of new products impacts the mid-to high-end market, on the other hand, it creates brands in different market segments. For example, in view of young people’s oily and sensitive dry skin, shanghai jahwa and Shanghai Ruijin Hospital developed "Yuze" series, which is the first medical skin care brand jointly developed with hospitals in China. At the same time, it has also developed "Goufu" which focuses on men’s skin care, and "Kaichu" which aims at the maternal and infant care market.

Behind the establishment of brand matrix in shanghai jahwa, there is high-intensity research and development as the support. The 2019 financial report shows that shanghai jahwa’s total R&D investment reached 183 million yuan, which is in a leading position in the domestic industry, and its R&D ratio of 2.41% is close to the level of international brands such as L ‘Oré al and Shiseido.

On May 6th this year, shanghai jahwa welcomed Pan Qiusheng, the new chairman and CEO. In a letter to employees, Pan Qiusheng bluntly said: The past few years have witnessed rapid development and evolution of the daily chemical and beauty cosmetics market in China, and the cognition and pursuit of beauty of a new generation of young consumers have changed greatly.

Shanghai jahwa, a century-old shop, is actively adjusting its attitude, trying to find ways that young consumers like and establish emotional links with them. In terms of understanding young people, this emerging domestic beauty brand may provide some useful experience.

Perfect diary: attracting more young people

Compared with the century-old history of shanghai jahwa, Perfect Diary is definitely a "young man" in the cosmetics market in China. But the report card of this "young man" should not be underestimated.

According to Chen Yuwen, co-founder of Perfect Diary’s parent company, Yixian E-commerce, at present, the fans of Perfect Diary have exceeded 25 million, and the monthly exposure has exceeded 1 billion. In this year’s "Queen’s Day 38" promotion, the perfect diary’s cat eye shadow tray and puppy eye shadow tray were sold out within 4 minutes, setting a record of selling 2,000 pieces per second …

In the capital market, the performance of Perfect Diary is also very bright: four rounds of financing have been completed in four years, with a valuation of 2 billion US dollars. Among the investors, there are many well-known institutions such as Zhenge Fund, Gaochun Capital and Gaochun Capital.

Why does a startup company established in 2016 dare to enter the cosmetics market surrounded by "strong enemies"?

In Chen Yuwen’s view, because the cosmetics market in China has entered an era of drastic changes: the market is changing, the channels are changing, and consumers are changing. These changes together constitute the "right time and place" of emerging domestic beauty products.

"Compared with countries with similar GDP levels, China’s beauty penetration rate is low. We judge that there is still a lot of market space for beauty products in China." Chen Yuwen told reporters that in 2017, the penetration rate of Japanese and Korean cosmetics has exceeded 80%, while that of China is only 30%.

"On the other hand, it is the emergence of the Internet." Chen Yuwen said that the rapid development of cmnet, e-commerce and social media, on the one hand, has built an online channel for Perfect Diary to communicate directly with young consumers, on the other hand, it has also provided accurate data, which can provide very timely and powerful guidance for its development of new product categories and needs. "So we chose the beauty track and chose the Internet as the core." Chen Yuwen said.

But the more important change is the change of people. Behind the rise of new brands is often the rise of new consumer groups.

The users of the perfect diary are accurately positioned as young women aged 18-28, of which "after 00" accounts for 50% and "after 95" accounts for 70%. "This is a generation that grew up with the Internet. According to our observation, they have a broader vision, are open and confident, like creativity, and generally have a higher acceptance of domestic brands than before." Chen Yuwen said that the new generation of consumers are just beginning to get in touch with makeup products, but the prices of foreign brands are on the high side for them, which brings good opportunities to new domestic brands.

Therefore, it is the breakthrough point for the perfect diary to enter the beauty market to let the post-1995 generation in China buy products with similar quality to international brands, but with much lower prices and more innovative ideas. This "parity substitution" strategy for international brands has also become an important source of its product strength.

The way to ensure quality is to cooperate with high-quality foundries. Perfect Diary found Cosme Meishi, the world’s largest cosmetics foundry, for its own production. The latter is also a cooperative foundry of international brands such as Dior, L ‘Oreal and Lancome, and the price of similar products is only about half that of international brands.

The way to renew creativity is to let consumers become designers. Perfect Diary not only analyzes product reputation and fan preferences through data, but also directly communicates product solutions with consumers, allowing consumers to deeply participate in all aspects of product design.

"In fact, the quality of domestic cosmetics is not worse than that of foreign brands. Foreign brands can sell premiums in the China market, and most of them are brand additions." Chen Yuwen said, "And we pay attention to originality. When the perfect diary is ahead of many international brands in visual style and product creativity, consumers will naturally choose us."

However, Chen Yuwen also remained calm. He bluntly said that if domestic brands rely too much on foundries, there is no way out, so Perfect Diary is also increasing investment in research and development. This year, Perfect Diary and Cosme Meishi invested 700 million yuan to start building the largest cosmetics production base in Asia, and at the same time, they are cooperating with Sun Yat-sen University to establish a research and development laboratory. "In the next three years, we expect to invest no less than 100 million yuan in research and development."

Comparing the development process of shanghai jahwa and Perfect Diary, the common point is that they have completed the first two steps of "understanding consumer demand, developing differentiated products and establishing brand moat", and are striving for the third step. Whether "Big Brother" shanghai jahwa is transforming into a younger generation, increasing its investment in online communities such as Little Red Book, bilibili and Tik Tok, or opening hundreds of offline experience stores under the "Young People’s Perfect Diary" transformation, although it seems to be in the opposite direction, its essence is the improvement of its own channel shortcomings and the reinforcement of its own brand moat in a rapidly changing environment.

The market potential of China is large enough, and there are more and more new changes in domestic cosmetics. In the future, can "China Cleaning" or "L ‘Oré al China" be born in this hot land? We will wait and see.

What are the differences between baseball and softball？

Many people in China learned about baseball to a great extent through a Japanese cartoon. With the popularity of the cartoon in China, people are more and more happy about baseball. Especially with the entry of baseball into the Olympic Games, China team has achieved good results, and baseball has gained more and more recognition in China. However, we can easily find that there are still many people who don’t understand baseball, and the performance is that baseball and softball can’t be distinguished. Do you know the differences between baseball and softball?

1. Softball uses a bigger ball than baseball.

2. Different bases spacing: softball bases are 18.3 meters (60 feet) apart, while baseball bases are 27.45 meters (90 feet) apart.

3. Different pitching distances: In softball, the pitching distance is 12.2 meters (40 feet), while in baseball, the pitching distance is 18.4 meters (60 feet, 6 inches).

4. The way of pitching is different: the pitcher of softball uses the lower arm movement to pitch, while the pitcher of baseball uses the method of raising his hand over his shoulder to pitch.

There are seven innings in softball and nine innings in baseball.

6. Baseball field is bigger than softball field, and girls are naturally restricted, so almost all play softball.

7. Baseball bats are generally conical in the middle and front, while softball bats are generally cylindrical and thinner.

8. The rules of baseball and softball are similar, but baseball can steal bases, but softball can’t.

What are the differences between baseball and softball? Looking at the differences listed above, I believe everyone has a better understanding of how to distinguish baseball from softball. Although softball and baseball are both round and similar in style, softball is bigger than baseball, and there are also great differences in their rules, so you can better distinguish them through these.

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