标签归档 夜西安论坛

　　BEIJING, Shenyang, Feb. 16 (Shen Diancheng Gaobing) The train witnessed the wealth and civilization of the industrial age and the social development process of China. Train drivers in different times have different stories about Spring Festival travel rush.

　　Zhang Shunpu, a steam locomotive driver: Holding a steamed bun for New Year’s Eve dinner.

　　In Shenyang Railway Exhibition Hall, there is a Jiefang 6 steam locomotive: a dark car body, wheels more than one person high and a round chimney on the roof … … This is the steam locomotive that Zhang Shunpu, the train driver of Shenyang Locomotive Depot, has been driving for 14 years, and the locomotive with long smoke in the eyes of the people.

　　In 1984, Zhang Shunpu first boarded a liberated steam locomotive. At that time, the train was driven by three people, with a driver, a co-driver and a stoker. The driver and the co-driver operated the locomotive and the stoker was responsible for feeding coal. When the fireman is baking at a high temperature of more than 1000 degrees, he should throw the coal into the furnace shovel by shovel, and shake the burnt coal ash down the ash pit again and again with a shaker.

　　Zhang Shunpu said that because there is a long boiler in front of the locomotive room, we must stick our heads out of the window at any time during the driving so as to have a look. Throughout the crew process, the faces and bodies of the three of us are always getting gray. Some people teased the driver at that time that "he looks like a refugee from a distance, but he looks like a beggar from a near distance. If you look closely, it belongs to the locomotive depot".

　　What the locomotive depot said was the train driver. At that time, we chose steamed bread instead of rice. Steamed bread was convenient to eat. With a pinch of thumb and forefinger, we ate pickles. Finally, we threw away the remaining steamed bread with a black handprint. The New Year’s Eve dinner in those years was also eaten like this.

　　Diesel locomotive driver Yang Dongxu: Beautiful fireworks over New Year’s Eve.

　　In 1977, the first diesel locomotive was put into service in Shenyang Railway Bureau, and its power was much greater than that of steam locomotive, with a speed of 140 kilometers per hour. At present, although electric locomotives are popular, a certain number of diesel locomotives are still reserved because there is no power grid in some areas, especially in the extremely cold areas of Northeast China. Once it encounters rain, snow and freezing weather, diesel locomotives will "show their talents".

　　Yang Dongxu is the crew member of the Beijing-Dandong section of the Beijing-Pyongyang international passenger train, in which the DF11G diesel locomotive is used for traction between Shenyang and Dandong. Compared with steam locomotives, the working environment of diesel locomotives is much cleaner and more spacious, and the line situation in front of the operation can be directly observed in the cab. Due to the special nature of work, some train drivers can’t go home for reunion on New Year’s Eve, so they can only drive trains on the land of the motherland and shuttle between cities. Seeing distant lights and fireworks at night will also bring some comfort to their hearts.

　　For Yang Dongxu, this has also become a luxury, because he is responsible for more line tunnels between Shenyang and Dandong, with a total of 38 tunnels, the longest of which is 5,005 meters. When the diesel locomotive passes through the tunnel, it is dark all around, and the smoke from the locomotive is trapped in the tunnel and can’t be dispersed, and it seeps into the locomotive, which is very choking. In spite of this, Yang Dongxu also concentrated on driving, looked ahead, and did not dare to slack off, because the safety of nearly 1,000 passengers was behind him. When the train leaves the tunnel and gallops smoothly on the line, his mood will gradually calm down, and occasionally he will feel extremely happy and proud when he sees fireworks in the night sky.

　　Su Ying, the Third Generation Electric Locomotive Driver: One’s New Year’s Eve

　　In 2001, Shenyang Locomotive Depot began to assign the first electric locomotive — Shaoshan 9, which is a milestone for train drivers to enter the electric power era.

　　The output power of electric locomotives is two to three times that of diesel locomotives, and about five times that of steam locomotives. The capacity is greater, as the saying goes, "strength" is greater, and it is also high-tech — If the microcomputer fails, it can be handled through the touch-type microcomputer screen at hand, and it is basically unnecessary to go to the mechanical room for "baking inspection". Another example is the 6A fault monitoring system, in which seven cameras monitor important corners in the locomotive in real time, and can monitor the running status of the locomotive at any time.

　　In 2010, Su Ying started driving an electric locomotive, and she was so happy to see a clean environment and brand-new equipment. However, a slight deficiency is that it is too lonely. In 2008, the railway was reformed, which changed from a package ride system to a round ride system, and a single driver was implemented. From the previous "brothers traveling around the world together" to "riding alone for thousands of miles", the road became "lonely".

　　At other times, it’s easy to say, especially on the night of New Year’s Eve, people gather together in a warm home and greet the new year with joy. A train driver like Su Ying is far away from his family and is alone in the cab, full of emotions, joys and sorrows.

　　Qu Tao, the driver of high-speed train: 4 times a day to transport 5000 passengers.

　　The wheel of history has entered the era of high-speed rail. Qu Tao is a high-speed train driver in Shenyang Locomotive Depot. Before that, he drove diesel and electric locomotives, and then he was selected at different levels to become a high-speed train driver.

　　In his words, driving a EMU is "enjoyable". Electric locomotives walk 30 meters per second, and we walk 80 meters per second, just like flying a plane to the ground.

　　After becoming a high-speed train driver, not only the locomotive performance has changed, but also the business level has been required to be high, and other aspects have also changed greatly. For example, the maintenance period has been extended, and a multi-functional decompression chamber has been equipped to decompress the high-speed train driver through music, incense and other means, and a full-functional driving simulation room has been established. These "high-level" measures are aimed at ensuring the high-speed train driver to drive better.

　　For example, other locomotives require a lookout interval of no more than 3 seconds, while high-speed rail drivers require a lookout all the time, which puts higher demands on drivers’ energy and physical fitness.

　　Nowadays, traveling by bullet train and high-speed rail has gradually become people’s first choice, especially during their stay in Spring Festival travel rush, people want to return to their hometown more quickly. In order to meet this demand, the railway departments often add temporary passengers during their stay in Spring Festival travel rush, and the workload of high-speed rail drivers is much more than usual.

　　When he was in Spring Festival travel rush, Qu Tao took a ride four times a day at most, transporting about 5,000 passengers, which was nearly 30% more than usual. He either rested in the baoxiu room or drove online. When the train arrived safely and punctually, and the passenger came home for the New Year with a happy and joyful smile, he thought to himself: It is worthwhile to be tired and tired again! (End)

　　CCTV News:Recently, smog has resurfaced in Huanghuai and other places in North China. The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that today (18th) will be the most serious day of this round of smog in Huanghuai and other places in North China, with severe haze in 7 provinces and cities. It is expected that the smog in the above areas will gradually weaken or dissipate from the 19th.

　　In addition, the process of heavy snowfall in northern Xinjiang is coming to an end. Starting from the 20th, the strongest cold air will come in the second half of this year, and the temperature in most parts of China will plummet. North China, Huanghuai and other places may usher in snow at the beginning of this winter.

　　Early warning: severe haze in 7 provinces and cities and strong fog in 5 areas

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow warning of haze at 6 o’clock this morning. Today, from day to night, there are moderate haze in parts of central and southern Beijing, Tianjin, central and southern Hebei, northwestern Shandong, central and northern Henan, central Shanxi and Guanzhong, Shaanxi, and severe haze in some areas.

△ Beijing sounded an orange warning of heavy pollution (Photo: vision china)

　　However, from the morning of the 19th, due to the influence of cold air, the haze in the northern region will gradually weaken or dissipate from north to south.

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory also issued a foggy yellow warning at 6 o’clock this morning. From this morning to this morning, some areas in the eastern Sichuan Basin, central Jiangxi, southern Hunan, northern Guangdong, northern Zhejiang and other places have strong fog with visibility less than 200 meters, and local areas have extremely strong fog with visibility less than 50 meters.

　　In the second half of the year, the strongest cold air will come to Huanghuai, North China to welcome the first snow

　　Since November 10th, heavy snowfall has frequently occurred in northern Xinjiang, and some areas have continuously set a record for the deepest snow in November. It is expected that the snowfall in northern Xinjiang will weaken today, and this round of continuous heavy snowfall will end. However, under the continuous influence of cold air, the temperature will collapse. Take Urumqi as an example. In the next three or four days, the local daily maximum temperature will drop below -10℃.

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that there will still be small to medium snow or sleet in eastern Inner Mongolia, the central part of Northeast China, and the Ili Valley in Xinjiang from day to night. Among them, there are heavy snow in parts of northeastern Inner Mongolia, southwestern Heilongjiang and central Jilin. Affected by cold air, the temperature in the northeast of Xinjiang, the eastern part of northwest China, North China, Northeast China, Huanghuai and other places will also drop by 4 to 8 C from today to the 20th, with the local temperature drop in the central and eastern Inner Mongolia and the southern part of Northeast China reaching more than 10 C. The above areas are accompanied by northerly winds of 4~6.

　　In the next five or six days, the south will be affected by warm and humid air currents, and there will be more rainy weather in Jiangnan, Jianghuai and Jianghan. Among them, there were small to moderate rains in Jiangnan and South China on the 19th, and there was heavy rain in the local area. In addition, there will be a cold air invading China from 20 to 24, and it is likely to be the strongest cold air in the second half of the year. Affected by this, the temperature in most parts of China plummeted, and the first snowfall this winter is expected in North China, Huanghuai and other places.

　　This winter is particularly cold? Experts predict that this winter may be a "cold winter" in China.

　　The source of weather changes is often far away. Meteorologists have judged that the winter of 2016/2017 may be a cold winter in China, which is rooted in the melting changes in the Arctic and the "La Nina event" in the equatorial Middle East and Pacific Ocean.　

　　Experts say that after the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice, the albedo (the ratio of reflected flux to incident flux of solar radiation) decreases, and more energy is stored in the ocean. On the one hand, it will accelerate the melting of ice, on the other hand, more energy will be transmitted from the ocean to the atmosphere, changing the air pressure difference between the Arctic region and the mid-latitude region, and bringing cold air from the Arctic region to the mid-latitude region. The effect of the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice on the temperature is the so-called "warm Arctic-cold continent". The decrease of Arctic sea ice is closely related to the winter temperature and precipitation in China, which will lead to the increase of extremely cold temperature in winter and the appearance of cold winter.

　　On the other hand, the SST in the equatorial Middle East Pacific entered La Nina state in August, and "took over" the previous super El Ni? o event. Monitoring shows that La Nina is expected to last until winter, which has a great impact on the winter temperature in China.

　　La Nina is a phenomenon that the sea surface temperature in the equatorial, Middle East and Pacific Ocean is unusually cold, which causes abnormal atmospheric circulation and affects the global climate. At present, the entire equatorial Middle East Pacific is in La Nina state, and it is expected that a weak to moderate intensity La Nina event will be formed in December. When La Ni? a state or La Ni? a event occurs, it is easy to be cold in winter in China. (Source: CCTV News, China Weather Network, Xinhua News Agency)