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Get ＂model design＂ new skills： can AI control its own evolution？

　　"It only takes a few lines of code to build a regression model." Programmers recognize the performance of Google AutoML and think that the model designed by AutoML is comparable to that designed by machine learning experts. A few days ago, Google engineers introduced the Google AutoML project in China and Silicon Valley respectively.

　　Confused doubts followed — — AI evolved again? ! Already self-developed? Can control their own evolution? Is it to get rid of humans?

　　How many steps does evolution take?

　　AI has indeed evolved, and it can do more and more things and achieve remarkable results. Behind it is the "triple jump" of AI implementation path — —

　　Zhao Zhigang, a researcher at the Big Data R&D Department of Jinan Center of National Supercomputing, said: "At first, we used mathematical formulas and ‘ if… … then’ Wait for the statement to tell the computer what to do in the first step and what to do in the second step, teach it by hand, and then give the machine N groups of inputs and outputs. The rules or laws in the middle are learned by itself. "

　　"Before, many smart minds spent their whole lives studying how to extract effective features." Mo Yu, CTO of Smart Point, which focuses on intelligent shopping guide dialogue robots, explained, "The invention of neural network algorithm and the emergence of deep learning technology have made AI evolve to 2.0, and the work of extracting features is carried out by AI itself, and our work has also changed accordingly."

　　It is easy to explain the transition from "1.0" to "2.0" with the model of mathematical function: if the tasks of image recognition, semantic understanding and chess playing are all regarded as different Y=f(X), that is, the input picture, voice or chess move of "cat" is "x", and the output cat, answer and chess move is "y". Before deep learning, people find the formula corresponding to function F through their own analysis and tell it to AI. After deep learning, people input a lot of correspondence between x and y, and AI finds the formula corresponding to function f by itself.

　　"The specific content of the function F found by AI may be better than that found by humans, but humans don’t know it, just like a black box." Mo Yu said, "But the form of F is designed by AI researchers through research. If deep neural network is used, the modules in the network and the organization between modules are also designed in advance."

　　With the maturity and popularization of deep learning technology, there has been a specific pursuable experience in model construction. "The release of various common neural networks has made the threshold for employment lower and lower. Some ordinary model construction and optimization, just graduated students can get started in online learning tutorials. " Zhao Zhigang said.

　　When modeling becomes a learnable skill, AutoML appears. What it can do is the model design work of AI researchers. "It will help different companies build artificial intelligence systems, even if they don’t have extensive expertise." Google engineers recommend this. AI successfully evolved to 3.0.

　　In fact, AutoML still replaces the work that human beings can extract experience. "If people described a set of ‘ Road network ’ With the technical assistance of deep learning, the machine can find the optimal path as quickly as possible; Then AI can now design its own road network. " Zhao Zhigang was concise.

　　It can be seen that both deep learning and AutoML only replace the work that some groups of human beings have studied thoroughly. "What machines can do, try not to work by hand" is the life creed of many programmers, which gave birth to AutoML. Based on the same creed, Microsoft developed DeepCoder. "It can be used to generate programs that satisfy given input and output." Mo Yu said, but its performance is not satisfactory at present, and only some simple programs can be written.

　　Who is "God"

　　There is no doubt that the answer is human.

　　Since AI has evolved to a higher level of model design, what changes have taken place in the "hand of God"?

　　"An alchemist", Mo Yu vividly talked about his work in two words. "Smart is a professional intelligent customer service. The work of R&D personnel mainly focuses on problem modeling (how to turn actual problems into problems solved by artificial intelligence technology) and algorithm optimization (how to improve the effect of artificial intelligence algorithms)."

　　"refining" means constant debugging and improvement. "For a specific person, the more you throw your temper, the better. The more accurate the answer, the better." Mo Yu said, "Our X is the customer’s question, Y is the reply of the robot customer service, and the middle function F needs training."

　　This is not an easy task. If we divide the experience of human society into three categories: definite rules with formulas, knowledge that can be expressed in words, and feelings that can only be understood but cannot be expressed. The last category is the most difficult to ponder.

　　"Therefore, we try to build a perfect closed-loop feedback, understand the preferences of specific users, and finally achieve what they like through the expression of emotions and interests." Mo Yu said, "At present, it is in the stage of man-machine collaboration, but the acquisition of more and more samples will help our intelligent customer service to give accurate and pleasing answers."

　　It can be seen that not all fields are suitable for AI’s self-development. For example, in the aspect of problem modeling, how to abstract practical problems into machine learning problems can not be completed by AI. In the stage of AI2.0, R&D personnel also need to design the form of function F manually.

　　So, what will be the future of AutoML popularization?

　　"Humans are liberated from lower-level jobs." Zhao Zhigang said, "If the model design can be done by AI, then AI researchers will explore more the design of the basic modules that make up the model."

　　"Developing AI models with AutoML is similar to children playing with ‘ Lego ’ Toys. " Zhao Zhigang put it in simple terms, and the designers of Lego disassembled the whole world into detailed modules, so that everything could be used and then combined into complex models. The higher level of human work is to find basic units, that is, modules, for AI in different fields. For example, in the field of image recognition, humans have designed various modules such as convolution and pooling. "AutoML can build a model based on this, and constantly adjust the module combination to obtain a more reasonable output. The finer the module, the more versatile it can be, and the more self-developed AI can be used. " Zhao Zhigang said.

　　Extended reading

　　 Where are the talents needed by the industry?

　　Alleviating the shortage of talents is the main selling point of AutoML. "AI systems are blooming everywhere, but AI talents are far behind." Google explains why AutoML is indispensable. What is the current status of AI talents?

　　In 2017, the Global AI Talent Report and the BAT Artificial Intelligence Talent Development Report were released one after another. "The shortage of AI talents is real." Xu Wenjuan, vice president of Shengshi Investment Group, said, "The shortage of talents in start-up and development enterprises is particularly serious. From the current global perspective, the United States has the largest number of AI talents, and China’s AI talents can’t be compared with it in terms of number of people and experience. "

　　Zhao Zhigang has the same feeling: "China’s AI field is short of veterans, experts, generalists and top masters." The optimization and debugging of the model requires experience, the exquisite design of the model requires superb skills, and the application of AI in various industries requires compound talents. In addition, there are only a handful of top talents leading the development direction of AI, and most of them are abroad.

　　Xu Wenjuan introduced that China has the most AI talents in BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent). Generally, there are several kinds of background experiences of such talents, such as returnees, BAT work experience, or from universities or research institutes.

　　"AI self-development should not be able to replace people’s work in the short term, and there is still a long way to go." Xu Wenjuan said. Zhao Zhigang analyzed from an academic point of view: "Only when human beings design AI models in different application fields and further decompose them into a series of general modules, such as the periodic table of elements in chemistry, DNA and RNA in biology, can this self-development have more applications."

Xinglongzhuang Street, Yanzhou District, Jining City launched a nationwide reading activity of ＂advocating reading for all and enjoying reading happiness＂

　　Public Network reporter Wei Donghui correspondent Xia Endo Jining reports.

　　On March 18th, Xinglongzhuang Street, Yanzhou District, Jining City, relying on the rural bookstore of the New Era Civilization Practice Institute, organized the offline reading activities of "advocating reading for all and enjoying reading happiness" and "learning to strengthen the country" to create a strong reading atmosphere.

　　At the activity site, the masses selected their favorite books and shared the pleasure of reading in the warm and quiet bookstore. In the reading sharing session, the masses actively expressed their reading experience, and also shared the experience of using "learning power", and actively recommended it to the audience, inviting them to scan the code and download the "learning power" mobile APP to jointly improve their scientific and cultural literacy.

　　"This activity has created a good reading atmosphere for the whole people, stimulated the reading enthusiasm of the masses and injected new vitality into the construction of spiritual civilization in the streets. Xinglongzhuang Street will make full use of the farmer’s bookstore as an offline experience space for’ learning power’, continue to promote’ online and offline’ reading and learning activities, and continuously promote the development of reading for all. " Peng Fenggang, stationmaster of Xinglongzhuang Street Cultural Station, said.

La Liga： las palmas vs Atletico Madrid! Blood pressure？ Why does Atletico Madrid like the home team type？

Let’s have our first chat today.La Liga: las palmas vs Atletico Madrid!

At the beginning of the season, we talked about Atletico Madrid’s away game against Vallecano. At that time, we analyzed why Atletico Madrid likes teams like Vallecano.

Coincidentally, today’s las palmas is also quite similar to Vallecano.Can Atletico continue to satisfy the fans?

This las palmas is just like.Basaer teamSame.

After playing in Barcelona for more than ten years, coach Pimienta has been a youth training echelon coach in Barcelona for twenty years.

After he came to las palmas, he brought in many players from Barcelona’s youth training to play football in Barcelona.

So,The style of this team is very similar to that of Barcelona, and many data are also very close to that of Barcelona.For example, the possession rate, the average number of passes per game, the high-pressure forced data and so on.

They have many advantages of Barcelona, such as high-intensity and effective high-level grabbing.Not only can it disrupt the opponent’s offensive organization, but it can often launch a counterattack on the spot to get a chance to break the door after stealing.

Therefore, it is very powerful for them to play the passing and controlling teams such as Huang Qian and Royal Society, and it will be very difficult for opponents to organize attacks normally.

But Atletico don’t buy it.

We introduced it before when Atletico Madrid played Vallecano.Atletico’s attack is very simple and fast, and it pays attention to the quick delivery of the ball, which will not give the opponent too much time to rush forward.

Moreover, because Atletico Madrid’s lineup is very stable, their ability to kick the ball may even be close to the level of Real Madrid.

Then, if Real Sociedad, Vallecano and other high-ranking teams that are equally fierce are hard to win the ball from Atletico Madrid, it may be difficult for las palmas.

Besides,Las palmas also has many shortcomings of Barcelona, for example, because a large number of people pressed into the frontcourt and forced to grab, which led to being easily beaten by opponents.

In almost every game this season, their opponents can get excellent scoring opportunities by playing behind them. For example, the last goal of almeria was a long pass behind them.

As far as Barcelona can play like this, it is backed by a strong defender. araujo, Comte and Christensen are all first-class in La Liga.

But las palmas doesn’t have a first-class defender. Even when playing Huang Qian, Huang Qian’s 1.95-meter high center Soloff is actually faster than their defender …

The combination of Atletico’s Gleizman and Morata is one of the best combinations in the five major leagues, and Morata is in the best season of his career, so it is hard for las palmas’s defenders to guard against it.

In addition, on the 1st, las palmas went to Manakol Island in the Mediterranean to play in the Cup, with a journey of 4,000 kilometers, which was still a bit of a toss-up.

Although the rotation has been made, many main players have also played, which may be somewhat worn out and may be at a disadvantage in physical fitness.

In the case that there is a big gap between the lineup configuration and competition experience of the two teams, if the weak side has no advantage in technical and tactical style and physical fitness, it will be difficult to play this game.

If Atletico Madrid wins tonight,You can temporarily climb to the top of La Liga.The fighting spirit may be relatively strong.

All things considered, can Atletico satisfy the fans? What do you think? The cocktail party expects them to score three points away from home!

Well, in other competitions today, Xiaojiu will still send you text analysis in the evening. If you have anything unclear, you can ask me, "Look at the ball and see clearly", and we will be there or not!

If you like it, move your fingers and pay attention to it!

What are the ＂magic weapons＂ to deal with the super typhoon ＂Lichima＂ and ＂Noisy Sea＂？

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 12 th: What are the "magic weapons" to deal with the super typhoon "Lichima" and "Nautical Sea"?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Ye Haoming, Gao Jing, Wang Junlu and Qin Huajiang

　　It has caused 5 deaths and 7 missing in Shandong, 39 deaths and 9 missing in Zhejiang, and 73 rivers have exceeded the police … … The super typhoon "Lichima" has caused great losses to many coastal provinces and cities. What is the origin of "Lichima"? Have local emergency plans played their due role? What other aspects should we pay attention to in the next step to deal with the "Lichima" invasion? Xinhua News Agency reporters visited the front line of fighting against typhoons and launched an investigation.

　　"Lichima", "Naughty Sea" and "Soft Meng" fruits are named super typhoon.

　　According to the reporter’s understanding, "Lichima" is a tropical fruit with a "soft and cute" image and a close taste. I don’t want to become the name of the third strong typhoon that landed in East China in 70 years. According to experts, "Lichima" has become the fiercest typhoon this year because of its violent storms.

　　— — Gale. The previous typhoons "Muen" and "Weipa" were tropical storms when they landed, and the winds were 8 and 9 respectively, which was far lower than the maximum wind intensity of 16 when "Lichima" landed. On the morning of the 11th, there were 8-10 gusts in northeastern Jiangsu, northeastern Anhui, northern Shandong and southern Bohai, and the local gusts in Qingdao and Tai ‘an in Shandong could still reach 12.

　　— — Rainstorm. The huge rainfall brought by "Lichima" also threatens the safety of relevant places. As of the 10th, the rainfall in Taizhou, Zhejiang, northern Wenzhou, southern Ningbo and southwestern Huzhou reached 350-580mm, 829mm in Kuocangshan, Taizhou and 706mm in Sanmen. At the same time, heavy rain or heavy rain occurred in Shanghai, Jiangsu, central and eastern Shandong, eastern Anhui and other places, and heavy rain occurred in Weifang and Linyi, Shandong, with rainfall of 250 to 407 mm. As of the 11th, 73 rivers in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Shandong and other places have experienced over-alert floods since August 9th.

　　Why did "Lichima" bring such huge rainfall? "A typhoon is like a huge ‘ Water vapor absorber ’ Absorb water vapor from the ocean and bring heavy precipitation to the land. " Senior engineer of Typhoon and Marine Meteorological Forecast Center of China Meteorological Bureau explained to Chun Yi that the monsoon input of "Lichima" is very strong, that is to say, there is a cross-equatorial airflow to transport warm and humid air rich in water vapor in the equatorial region into the typhoon, which greatly increases its "water" power.

　　Since the 8th, "Lichima" has caused many disasters, including landslides, mudslides and urban waterlogging. According to authoritative statistics, as of 7: 00 on the 12th, Typhoon Lichima had affected 6.679 million people, affected 234,000 hectares of crops and damaged 41,000 houses.

　　Start emergency plans in many places according to law to reduce the degree of disaster.

　　On the evening of the 8th, Weibo, the official of Qingdao Professional Meteorological Observatory, reported that a report reprinted by Qingdao Municipal People’s Government Press Office issued a typhoon warning in violation of regulations. "Qingdao Meteorology" emphasizes that "if a typhoon warning is issued, the city will start emergency plans, including flood control and resettlement, which is a very serious matter". This little tidbit once again highlights the importance of starting and implementing the "emergency plan" according to law when dealing with serious natural disasters.

　　According to the reporter’s understanding, the China Meteorological Bureau has launched a Class II emergency response to major meteorological disasters (typhoons), issued a typhoon red warning, and carried out targeted monitoring, forecasting and early warning services;

　　As the first province to contact typhoon, Zhejiang reserves all kinds of emergency relief materials, and the meteorological department launched the Class I emergency response against typhoon at the first time.

　　According to the requirements of the emergency plan, Hangzhou has investigated 6,902 farmhouses, evacuated more than 2,000 people and closed 38 A-level scenic spots; According to the movement path, development and influence of the typhoon, Ningbo will continue to do a good job in the transfer and resettlement of people in dangerous areas and the safety management of transferred people and ships in Hong Kong according to the emergency plan.

　　In Jiangsu and Shuyang County, from 20: 00 on August 11th, the flood control level I emergency response was launched, and 32 towns and villages with 255,000 people’s efforts arrived at the designated position of Xinyi River embankment to patrol the embankment to ensure related safety.

　　In Shandong, Qingdao fangzhi upgraded the typhoon prevention level II emergency response to level I emergency response at 13: 00 on the 11th. The Water Affairs Bureau keeps a close eye on the largest river course in the city — — Flood control safety of Dagu River. The Culture and Tourism Bureau requires all scenic spots in the city to be closed and stop visiting activities. The Bureau of Commerce requires relevant units to strengthen the organization of the supply of "vegetable basket" commodities such as meat and vegetables to ensure that the market supply is not out of stock and does not stop.

　　Xie Yuwen, dean of Zhongguancun Zhilian Disaster Perception Science Research Institute, said that timely launching and fully implementing the emergency plan can effectively help all localities control the disaster in the face of major disasters. Shouguang, Shandong Province, was affected by the typhoon, although the rainfall hit a historical record, but the disaster level was significantly lower than last year.

　　"Wind blowing to the north" plus general disaster risk Northeast China or long-term large-scale precipitation

　　The reporter learned from the Emergency Management Department of Shandong Province on the 12th that according to preliminary statistics, there were 1,655,300 people affected by the disaster in Shandong Province, 5 people died and 7 people were missing. The affected area of crops is 175,400 hectares, and 609 houses have collapsed. Relevant disaster data are being further counted.

　　Why "the wind blows north"? Xiang Chunyi told reporters that the subtropical high was relatively strong this year. Under its guidance, "Lichima" did not land in low-latitude Guangdong and other places, but moved to the northwest.

　　Experts warned that the biggest problem of the current typhoon northward is to directly expose the northern region with less experience in fighting typhoons to the typhoon. Because the northern part of China has a weak ability to withstand heavy rain and generally lacks experience in typhoon prevention, it will greatly increase the risk of disaster, so it must not be taken lightly.

　　The reporter learned that at present, the expert group of flood control and drought relief technology of Shandong Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters is all in place, and professional consultation and judgment have been carried out on the situation of reservoir exceeding flood limit, river flood discharge and mountain torrents prone to occur. Shandong Provincial Defense Index has sent eight working groups to 16 cities in the province to guide the typhoon defense work on the spot, and urged all localities to carry out detailed safety hazard investigation and grasp the key links of defense.

　　Xiang Chunyi also reminded that the weakening of typhoon landing does not mean that rainfall is reduced. The influence of "Lichima" on the northeast of North China will be long-term and wide-ranging, and the influence of continuous precipitation accumulation will be great.

　　Experts said that from the afternoon of the 11th to the next 72 hours, there will be large-scale precipitation in the northeast of North China. After 72 hours, there may be some precipitation influence in the east of Northeast China.

Why are only dragons fictional in the zodiac？ How did the ancients come up with it？

This article is about 5600 words.

Reading takes 15 minutes.

Xi he Imperial Day, illustration, modern, Yan Xiaonan. Xi he is both the god of the sun and the god of making calendars. Gao You said in the note "Huainanzi Astronomical Training": "Ride by car every day, drive with six dragons, and xi he will control it."

It is generally believed that the dragon is an imaginary animal that does not exist in reality. However, human imagination is not rootless water, and any imagination must have its realistic prototype. Which animal did the dragon originate from in nature?

Dragon and snake entanglements

There have always been different opinions on the above question, including crocodile theory, lizard theory, snake theory, pig theory, dinosaur theory, hippo theory and horse theory, etc. At present, there is no conclusion. Among these animals, the relationship between snakes and dragons is quite intriguing. Dragons, like snakes, have long curved bodies that can be coiled and stretched.(The difference is that dragons have enough but snakes don’t). In many ancient books, dragons and snakes often go hand in hand. "Under the Yi Cohesion" records that "the trend of dragons and snakes is to survive"; In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong also said that "the dragon is like a snake, and the snake is like a dragon" in "On Balance and Telling Rui". Later, Bao Puzi, a book written in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, clearly pointed out: "There are dragons of nature, and there are dragons transformed from snakes." This sentence shows that at least some dragons evolved from snakes. So far, people have always called snakes "little dragons". In folklore, there is a story about the mutual change of dragons and snakes. It is said that there is a dragon in Tanzhe Temple in Beijing, which flew away on a stormy night, leaving two snake-like "dragons". In addition, there is a Bailong Temple on Mount Emei in Sichuan. Although the temple is named after the dragon, it commemorates the white snake in The Legend of the White Snake.(White Snake).

About because of this origin, the phenomenon that snakes and dragons are mixed and called is common in ancient books. People can often find the image of "human head snake body", such as Fuxi and Nu Wa. The Han Fu "Lu Lingguang Dian Fu" contains: "Fuxi scales, Nuwa snake body." Guo Pu, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote in The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Wild West Classic: "Nu Wa, an ancient goddess and emperor, has a snake-faced body, which changes from seventy to seventy in a day, and her abdomen becomes this god." Fuxi and Nu Wa are also snake heads in the Silk Painting of Fuxi Nu Wa Tu unearthed from Astana Tomb in Turpan, Xinjiang. "Liezi Huangdi" yue:

"Dong offer’s?(Fuxi), Nuwa, Shennong(Yan Di)Xia Houshi, a snake with a human face, a bull’s head and a tiger’s nose: this is inhuman and has the virtue of a great sage. "

Apart from Nvwa 、 Fuxi and Emperor Yan, there are many mythical figures in China who are also human heads and snakes. For example, "phase liu, nine faces, snake body and green", "Gong Gong, snake body and Zhu Fa" and so on. The most striking thing is that "Shan Hai Jing Overseas Western Classic" records: "The country of Xuanyuan … in the north of women’s country, people face the snake, and the tail meets the head." "Xuanyuan" is the title of Yellow Emperor. In the Ming Dynasty, Tao Zongyi said that Xuanyuan was "a dragon with a head" in Shuo cymbals. The same god is sometimes called "snake body" and sometimes called "dragon body". This proves that the two refer to the same thing, that is, the "snake body" is the "dragon body".

For such a phenomenon, Wen Yiduo thought in Fuxi Kao in his early years:

"The dragon totem, whether it is like a horse, a dog, a fish, a bird or a deer, is a snake in its trunk and basic form, which shows that in the era when many totem units were in the first place, the snake totem was the most powerful among them, and the merger and melting of many totems was the result of the merger and assimilation of many weak units."

From the viewpoint of "dragon and snake are integrated", among the many fairy animals with different forms and characteristics recorded in Shan Hai Jing, which can be regarded as a master of ancient myths, there are many who have "dragon bodies (snake bodies)". For example, "Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing" says: "From Tianyu Mountain to Nanyu Mountain, every 14 mountains, 6,530 miles, have a dragon body and a human face." When offering sacrifices to these mountain gods, a white dog is used as a sacrifice, and the polished rice used for the sacrifice is glutinous rice. "Shan Hai Jing Zhongshan Jing" is the cloud:

"Every shouyangshan, surrendered to the mountain as for the third mountain, jiusan, two hundred and sixty-seven. Its gods are all dragons and faces. "

The practice of offering sacrifices to these mountain gods is different. To preside over the sacrificial ceremony, a rooster should be buried in the ground as a living sacrifice. Cereal grains such as millet, millet, rice, sorghum and wheat should be used as the refined rice for sacrifice. In Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing, the "dragon with a human face" becomes a "snake with a human face". The so-called "from the mountain of a single fox to the dike mountain, where there are 25 mountains and 5,490 miles, their gods are all snake with a human face". When offering sacrifices to these gods, a rooster and a pig used as sacrifices should be buried in the ground, and a jade Jue should be used in the beautiful jade for offering sacrifices to the gods, only buried in the ground without using rice for offering sacrifices. The most peculiar thing is the mountain gods in Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing: "Where the South Second Classic is the first, from Guishan to Qiwu Mountain, where there are seventeen mountains, 7,200 miles, their gods are all dragons and birds." The appearance is different, and the way of sacrifice is naturally different. When offering sacrifices to these mountain gods, a jade jade must be buried in the ground with the sacrificed livestock, and the refined rice for the sacrifice should be used.

The picture of Fuxi Nuwa, in Tang Dynasty, is colored in silk, with a length of 220 cm and a width of 116.5 cm. It is now in the Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and was unearthed in Astana cemetery in Xinjiang in 1965.Fuxi and Nu Wa in the painting are the images of human heads and snake bodies.

In addition to these four-sided mountain gods, there are also records of "dragon (snake) body" gods in Shanhaijing, Xishan Classic and Overseas North Classic. For example:

"There is a god, and the human head is snake-shaped, long as a shaft, with a head on the left and right, purple clothes and a crown, which is called Yanwei."

"phase liu, nine faces, snake and green. Dare not shoot north, afraid of the stage of gong gong. Taiwan is in its east. "

In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, phase liu is a courtier of the water god Gong Gong. He can eat food from nine mountains, and the land he passes through becomes a swamp, making it difficult for birds to live and causing floods. By the way, phase liu appeared in the Hollywood movie "Fantastic Night at the Museum 3" ten years ago, but his image was depicted as a nine-headed python. In fact, this is not in line with the statement of "human head and snake body" in Shan Hai Jing.

Stills of the movie "Fantastic Night at the Museum 3". The prototype of Hydra comes from phase liu, who wrote "Nine human faces, the snake is green" in Shan Hai Jing. The film depicts it as a nine-headed python, which is actually not in line with the statement of "human head snake body" in Shan Hai Jing.

"Ying Long" has wings.

Shan Hai Jing, of course, does not lack the records of "complete form" dragons. The so-called "complete form" is the dragon image that people are familiar with today, that is, the "dragon has nine similarities" summarized by Luo Yuan in Er Ya Yi in Song Dynasty."Dragon, with horns like deer, head like camel, eyes like rabbits, neck like snakes, abdomen like salamanders, scales like fish, claws like eagles, palms like tigers, ears like cows."If the dragon grows wings again, it is called "ying"Dragon ". For example, Guo Pu notes: "Ying Long, the dragon has wings", and "Guangya Release Fish" also records: "Ying Long is called with wings."

There are also many records of Ying Long with wings in Shan Hai Jing. For example, The Wild North Classic records that when Chiyou led a group of monsters to attack the ground of Zhuolu under the jurisdiction of the Yellow Emperor, the Yellow Emperor first ordered Ying Long to go out to fight. Ying Long is good at storing water, and plans to drown the ranks of Chiyou in Jizhou wilderness with huge rain. Unexpectedly, the cunning Human-God was ready, so he invited Fengbo Rain Master to take the lead in setting up a big storm. Ying Long’s power was hard to exert for a while. When the Yellow Emperor saw it, he sent his heavenly daughter "Hao" to help. "Hao" has the ability to stop the wind and rain. At that time, Ying Long and Chi-you took advantage of the storm, unable to withstand it, and were defeated and killed. From the historical perspective, the battle between Huangdi and Chiyou was naturally early.The struggle between human tribes can never be assisted by gods as in the Romance of Gods. Ying Long, Chi-you, and even Fengbo Rain Master of Chi-you were probably just the names of the tribes at that time. Among them, the tribe named "Ying Long" takes some kind of winged dragon as its totem.

"Ying Long Painting Rivers", a sculpture, is located in Dayu Mythological Garden in Wuhan. The heckling words in "The Songs of the South" link Ying Long and Dayu’s water control. Dayu "tried his best to ditch the river and guide Sichuan and Yiyue", and Ying Long was ordered to open the way ahead. It draws the land with its tail, and wherever it is drawn, the river road it opens extends to where it is drawn.

In Shan Hai Jing, next, Ying Long pushed on and met Kuafu. Kuafu is a well-known mythical figure. Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing recorded: "Kuafu overreached himself, and wanted to pursue the scenery of the sun and caught it in Yugu. I will drink the river but not enough. I will go to osawa and die here before I arrive. " This is the famous story of "Kuafu chasing the sun". However, the same book also records another statement. "Ying Long has killed Chiyou and Kuafu, so he went to the south." In the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou, Kuafu sided with Chiyou and became the enemy of Ying Long. For these two different records, Guo Pu thought:

"Kuafu in Shangyun overreached himself and died in competition with Japan. Today, Fuyun was killed by Ying Long, and his death has no name. He sent it when he touched something, which shows that his changes are not square and cannot be measured."

Ying Long. There are many records of Ying Long with wings in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Map of Mountains and Seas: A Catalogue of Animals in the Classic of Mountains and Seas was painted by Li Yunzhong, People’s Literature Publishing House.

Ying Long defeated Chiyou first and then killed Kuafu, which made great contributions to the victory of the Yellow Emperor, but it also paid a heavy price for it. Shan Hai Jing Wild East longitude records that "Ying Long is in the South Pole, killing Chiyou and Kuafu", and he may also be weakened in the struggle, so he "can’t get back."(unable to return to heaven)",can only live in the northeast corner of the wild, there is a mountain called fierce plow mound". And the sky lacks the god of clouds and rain, so the drought in the lower bound has been going on for years. Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing said that after Ying Long killed Kuafu, he "went to the south, so it was rainy in the south". Guo Pu said: "It’s a long story, and it’s similar to each other." That is, where the dragon goes, the precipitation goes.

Two-wing Ying Long portrait brick, Han. Because Ying Long can make clouds make rain, when the drought is severe, people make Ying Long look like mud, sand and stones and pray.

Because Ying Long can make clouds make rain, when there is a serious drought, people make Ying Long look like mud, sand and stones, and pray, "Drought is like Ying Long, but heavy rain". In this way, there is another "earth dragon" in the dragon family, and the folk also have the custom of "repairing the earth dragon after drought". There are also many records about the earth dragon causing rain. Huai Nan Zi Shuo Shan Xun said that "saints use things, if they use Zhu Si to make friends with pigs, if they seek rain for the earth dragon".

As for the image and skills of Ying Long in ancient mythology, even Qu Yuan expressed doubts and feelings in Tian Wen: "What is Ying Long’s painting? What is the calendar of rivers and seas? " For this sentence, Wang Yi notes:

"When Yu treated the flood, a dragon painted the land with its tail. Those who guide the water should be decided, so they should be treated. "

HongXingZu note cloud:

"The" Mountain and Sea Classic Map "cloud, Xia Yu governs the water, and Ying Long draws the land with the tail."

The heckling words in "The Songs of the South" link Ying Long and Dayu’s water control. Dayu "tried his best to ditch the river and guide Sichuan and Yiyue", and Ying Long was ordered to open the way ahead. It draws the land with its tail, and wherever it is drawn, the river road it has opened extends to where it is drawn. If Dayu is a model of whole-hearted water control, then Ying Long can be regarded as the number one hero of Dayu’s charge. As for the realistic prototype of "Ying Long painted the land with the tail"(or the truth)Some scholars think that it is possible that Dayu got help from the clan with dragon totem in water control, or that it is a reflection of the joint water control of the clan with dragon totem; Mr Wen Yiduo thinks:

"The dragon who paints the land into a river is Yu himself, and the dragon who can paint the land into a river is the dragon who digs the river totem. It coexists with the ancestor Yu and is contradictory, so he sent the dragon as Yu’s teacher, saying that Yu’s method of water control came from the dragon."

In a word, such myths in Dayu’s water control are unlikely to be imagined out of thin air.

There are many dragons.

It is worth mentioning that the book Shu Yi Ji, written in the Southern Dynasties, also records:

"Hydra turned into a dumpling in 500 years, a dragon in 1,000 years, a horned dragon in dragon five in 100 years and a Ying Long in 1,000 years."

It can be seen that it takes thousands of years for Ying Long to grow up, which is the highest level of dragons-that’s why it grows wings. "Guang Ya Shi Guo" cloud:

"There are scales called dragons, wings called Ying Long, horns called a dragon, horns called a dragon, and dragons without horns called a dragon. Before ascending to heaven, they called a dragon."

It shows that the types of "dragons" described in ancient books are ever-changing and varied.

Although Shuo Yi Ji regards Jiao as the predecessor of Dragon, other ancient books don’t think so. The authoritative Shuo Wen Jie Zi clearly points out:

"Dumpling, the dragon is also. There are 3,600 fish in the pond, and the dumplings are long. "

There are many records about dumplings in Shan Hai Jing. For example, "Haineixijing" cloud:

"There are tree birds in Kaiming South, with six songs; Dumplings, scorpions, snakes, scorpions, leopards, and birds rank trees in the surface pond. "

Zhongshan Jing contains:

"Ten times once the first of jingshan mountain, yue wing at the mountain. Turbulent water flows out, and the east flows into the economy; When the water comes out, it flows to Han in the southeast, and many of them are awkward. "

Although these records only refer to "Jiao" but not "Dragon", in fact "Jiao" refers to "Dragon". Because Guo Pu said, "Dumplings are like snakes, with four legs and dragons."

From the records of Shan Hai Jing, Jiao(dragon)Living in all kinds of rivers. It didn’t leave a good impression in the minds of the ancients. According to the Records of Collected Notes, according to legend, during the Tang and Yao Dynasties, there was a big dumpling, "Three rivers overflowed and the sea was in the same stream", and its prototype was obviously an aquatic animal. In the famous story of "eliminating three evils around", one of the evils refers to "dumpling under the long bridge". Guo Pu commented:

"Dumpling is like a snake, but its four feet are small, its head is thin, its neck is covered with white scabies, and the big ones are more than a dozen. Its eggs are like a stone urn, which can swallow people."

These characteristics are easily reminiscent of crocodiles in reptiles. However, there is only one kind of crocodile living in China today, that is, the Chinese alligator living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, this kind of animal has a mild temperament and there are few records of attacking people since ancient times. Obviously, this can’t be related to the dumpling that can swallow people. Fortunately, it is also recorded in the history books that there was an "alligator disaster" in the Hanjiang River Basin in Lingnan in the Tang Dynasty. When Han Yu, a famous writer in Tang Dynasty, was demoted to Chaozhou, he tried to warn crocodiles and throw pigs and sheep into evil streams.(now Hanjiang, Guangdong)Tell the crocodile to leave, otherwise it will be slaughtered, and write down the famous prose "Sacrificing Crocodiles". Since Han Yu mentioned that crocodiles "eat people, livestock, bears, roes, deer and roes to fatten their bodies", it shows that this kind of crocodile is not so docile as the Chinese alligator, but it is similar to the living habits of the Gulf Crocodile that still lives in Southeast Asia today. The latter is the largest reptile in the world, with a fierce temperament. It not only eats animals in the water, but also often hurts people ashore, posing a great threat to the production and life of the ancients. According to the latest research results, this crocodile, which was "infested everywhere" in the Tang Dynasty, is an extinct branch of the alligator, known as the Chinese Hanyu crocodile.（Hanyusuchus sinensis）. Perhaps it was out of awe of this fierce crocodile that the ancients mixed with the concept of snakes and mythologized it as a "dragon".

Tiger dumpling. Guo Pu commented that "a dumpling is like a snake, but its four feet are small, its head is thin, its neck is covered with scabies, and the big one is more than ten, and its eggs are like a stone urn, which can swallow people". These characteristics are easily reminiscent of crocodiles in reptiles.

Bronze dragon, Han, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, USA. Similar to Jiao, Jilong is also a hornless dragon. Shuowen said that it is "yellow if it is a dragon" or "it is said that it has no horns".

Similar to Jiao, Jilong is also a hornless dragon. Shuowen says that it is "yellow if it is a dragon" and "stinging if it has no horns". There is a story in Huainanzi that a dragon is better than a snake eel: one day, a red dragon is killed.(without horns)And a blue dragon.(angular)Roaming together, came to Jizhou ground. At this time, the weather is refreshing and the earth is stable. When a dragon and a dragon find delicious food, they eat it with relish. Because the range of activities is within 100 acres, it is despised and laughed at by a snake and an eel. They shouted, "Hey, dragon, dragon, dare you go to the river and sea with us?" A dragon and a dragon accepted the challenge, so "the wind and the freezing rain rocked up" and "moved the world and vibrated the sea", which scared the snakes and eels into the deep mud and dared not come out.

On the other hand, although dragons are miraculous, there is still a striking situation in ancient myths, that is, dragons are often used as the object of command by people with noble status. In this regard, "Shan Hai Jing" records that "Ju Mang in the East, birds and faces, take two dragons"; "Western Ru Shou, with a snake in its left ear, rides two dragons"; "Northern Yujiang, black hands and feet, riding two dragons"; "Zhu Rong in the south, a beast with a face, rides two dragons". Thus, the dragon is the mount of the four gods. Gao You also said in his note "Huai Nan Zi Tian Xun", "Ride by car every day, drive with six dragons, and xi he will conquer it."

In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, The Wild West Sutra, the ancient emperors were even seated on the dragon:

"Outside the southwest sea, south of Chishui and west of quicksand, there are two green snakes and two dragons, named Xia Hou Kai. If you go to heaven for three times, you will get the following nine arguments and nine songs. This field of great mu is 2,000 meters high, and it won the opening song "Nine strokes". "

Kai is the son of Yu and the first "hereditary" monarch in China’s ancient historical records. It goes without saying that in ancient mythology, this element of revealing identity through "Lapras", "Imperial Dragon" or "Driving Dragon" has also become a common means of deifying monarchical power in later generations.

References:

Pang Jin’s Exploration of loong Culture in 8,000 Years

The Origin and Evolution of Chinese Dragon Culture by Wang Liquan

A Study of the Word "Dragon" in Shan Hai Jing by Mei Shanying

The Dragon and Its Cultural Connotation in Shan Hai Jing by Gao Wang Fei.

The news of the snow has been confirmed. It is freezing in Zhejiang, and there is sunshine on New Year’s Eve.

Chao news client reporter Fang Li

Recently, it has been overcast with rain in Zhejiang Province, with obvious rain today (February 3-4), and the precipitation was suspended on the 5th, and the freezing rain and snow weather resumed on the 6th-7th.

Let’s stick to it for a few more days. Judging from the current weather situation, the weather in Zhejiang on New Year’s Eve was good, accompanied by sunshine, and the temperature began to rise.

West Lake misty rain user sea photo

Affected by cold air, the daytime was still cold yesterday. At 15 o’clock yesterday, the temperature in all parts of Zhejiang was low. Huzhou was only 2.9℃, and southern Zhejiang was relatively warmer. The temperature in many areas dropped by more than 10℃ compared with the same time the day before. At night, the water vapor strengthened again and the rain increased again.

Today, there are sometimes showers in cloudy weather in the whole province, and more rain will appear tomorrow, with moderate rain and partial heavy rain in the whole province.

For example, in Hangzhou, due to the eastward movement of the deep south branch trough, the Jianghuai cyclone was also born in the southwest airflow in front of the trough and the easterly airflow at the bottom of the northern high pressure. At the same time, the water vapor condition of precipitation in Hangzhou has been strengthened and the dynamic conditions have become more sufficient. The whole city of Hangzhou will experience moderate rain and partial heavy rain.

In the next few days, the rain will stop all over the province on the 5 th, mainly cloudy weather. However, due to the influence of multiple cold air, the temperature will drop further.

The coldest day is February 6, and it is predicted that Zhejiang will join the "ice and snow group chat" on this day.

Since the 6th, the warm and humid air flow has been strengthened again, and combined with the low temperature, it is easy to change the phase of rain and snow.

In the morning, the temperature fell below the freezing point again, and the lowest temperature in most parts of the province was 0 ~-2 C with thin ice and-3 ~-5 C with freezing. The highest temperature during the day is only about 2℃ in northern Zhejiang.

It is estimated that there will be sleet or snow in the mountainous areas of central and northern Zhejiang on June 6-7, and there will be sleet locally in the plain areas.

The rainy weather in Zhejiang will last until the 7th, and it will turn cloudy to cloudy on the 8th.

From this point of view, despite the baptism of rain and rain before the festival, on New Year’s Eve, we can finally be accompanied by winter sunshine.

Hangzhou’s red wall Bai Mei netizen sea photo

Let’s draw the key points again-

It was rainy in our province before New Year’s Eve, and there was low temperature, rain and snow freezing in the mountains on June 6-7. 2-5 days, there is a wide range of rain, snow and freezing weather in central and eastern China.Friends who have plans to return home should plan their itinerary in advance to ensure safe travel.

Medium-range weather forecast

4th (Sunday): There is moderate rain in the whole province, and partial heavy rain in northern and western Zhejiang.

5th (next Monday): The whole province is cloudy.

Day on the 6th (next Tuesday): It is cloudy to cloudy in the southwest of Zhejiang, and it turns cloudy with light rain in the afternoon; Cloudy to cloudy in other areas.

6th night-7th (next Wednesday): There is little to moderate rain in the province, and there is sleet or light snow in the mountainous area of central and northern Zhejiang.

8th (next Thursday): The northern part of Zhejiang is cloudy to cloudy, while the rain in other areas gradually stops and turns cloudy.

9th (next Friday): Cloudy to sunny in the whole province.

"Reprint please indicate the source"

Reporting/feedback

It snows in Yichang!

Rain and snow come as promised.

From yesterday to today

There is light rain in most cloudy days in Yichang city.

There is sleet in some periods.

There is snowfall in the mid-mountain and above.

At 8 o’clock on February 2, netizens filmed snow on the roof of Wujiagang District.

just now

Snow in Bei ‘ao, Hejiaping Town, Changyang

Still raining.

The traffic police are checking the safety of passing vehicles.

Snow on the Road of Yandaiya Section of Xingshan National Highway 209

Xingshan Brigade actively cooperates with the transportation department.

Take snow removal measures

Issued by Hubei province

Yellow warning of low temperature rain and snow freezing

Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow warning of freezing rain and snow at 07: 02 on February 2: It is estimated that there will be snow in Shiyan, Xiangyang, Shennongjia, Yichang, Jingmen and Suizhou from 08: 00 on February 2 to 08: 00 on February 3, and there will be freezing rain or sleet in Enshi, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Qianjiang, Xiantao, Wuhan, Xiaogan and Huanggang. Please take precautions.

1-2 February afternoon

Yichang Meteorological Observatory and several county meteorological observatories

Release one after another

Yellow warning of road icing

The latest travel tips are coming.

Wujiagang Yangtze River Bridge

The main deck of Wujiagang Yangtze River Bridge is from north to south, and there is snow on the road surface. As of press time, the relevant departments are carrying out snow removal operations, and the traffic police temporarily control traffic and leave one lane for traffic.

The Wujiagang Yangtze River Bridge has begun to remove snow.

yiling yangtze river bridge

Last night, the bridge deck of Yiling Yangtze River Bridge and some sections of Jiangcheng Avenue were frozen, and the traffic police brigade of Dianjun joined forces with the Bridge Company and the road maintenance department to carry out emergency snow removal operations.

In the early morning of February 2, after the emergency snow removal by the Bridge Company and the road maintenance department, under the command of the duty personnel, at present, some electric bicycles have been released to cross the river slowly.

Zhushi Street traffic police squadron early patrol auxiliary police reminded electric vehicle riders to pay attention to safety.

S68 dam-turning expressway

At 4 o’clock in the morning today (February 2), due to the drop in temperature, most sections of S68 Fanba Expressway snowed, and the traffic police controlled the four toll stations of Dianjun, Chexi, Zigui and Zigui Port. The maintenance construction unit sprinkles snow melting agent on the whole line. At present, the S68 dam-turning control section has been completely deregulated.

Yichang weather forecast

Today and tomorrow.

Moderate rain turns to heavy snow.

There is sleet or freezing rain in some periods.

Local snowstorm in mountainous area

5 -8 February

There is also a rainy and snowy weather process.

The temperature will continue to fall in the next three days.

The highest temperature dropped to 0 ~ 3℃

The minimum temperature drops to about -2℃

The temperature changes sharply.

Everyone must take warm measures.

Original title: "It snows in Yichang! 》

Read the original text

Freehand brushwork China explores the origin of Chinese characters, and Qihe River from The Book of Songs reproduces poetic beauty.

　　Which river is known as "China Poetry River"? What is the fetter with poetry? Recently, the reporter followed "freehand brushwork in China — — Exploring the Origin of Chinese Characters "The interview group came to the bank of Qihe River in Hebi, Henan, and felt the deep ancient and modern poetry.

　　Time flies, and the stars move. Wandering in the river, there are endless long years flowing. Qihe River, which has come from the depths of history, has left behind poems that have been sung for thousands of years, nourishing one side of the land endlessly.

　　Poetry has profound cultural connotations.

　　Qihe River, called Qishui in ancient times, originated in Qizishan, Shanxi Province. After entering Henan, it flows into Weihe River in Qimen, Hebi, with a total length of 176 kilometers and a length of 83 kilometers in Hebi.

　　Poetry related to Qihe River. People’s Daily reporter Liu Weishe

　　Since ancient times, many literati have come here to play and watch, and their poems are full of joy. "Qi Shui Tang Tang, gradually draped over the car", "Qi Shui Cui, Ba Ba Song Zhou" and "Looking forward to the Olympics, green bamboo and bamboo" … … In the Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in China, many poems describe the beautiful scenery of Qihe River and record the customs closely related to cross-strait life.

　　Poets of all ages, such as Li Bai, Gao Shi and Wang Wei, also came to the Qihe River to sing. "Qi water flows like jade, and boats and cars rush every day." Li Bai saw a lot of traffic on both sides of the Qi River, which was very lively; "yiyi Xishan, don’t leave the mulberry forest", Gao Shi came to stay by the Qi River and lived a rural life of self-cultivation and self-sufficiency; "Ping Ju Qi Shui, Dongye Kuang Shan", the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei lived in seclusion in a small village, intoxicated by the quiet pastoral scenery.

　　Ancient rivers are pregnant with ancient poetry culture. In September 2014, the Chinese Poetry Society officially named Qihe River as "China Poetry River", which is also the first river named after poetry in China.

　　Spontaneous chantingHeritage Classic

　　Today, thousands of years later, people living here still love poetry and inherit classics. With the theme of poetry, a 2.5-kilometer-long street park was built in qibin district — — Qishui Poetry Garden, with Qihe River as the carrier and poetry corridor as the main line, is divided into five chapters: pre-Qin, Qin and Han, Tang and Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times from north to south, with a total of 1,500 poems.

　　Strolling along the Qi River, the water surface is sparkling under the sunlight. No matter on the slate of the poetry corridor or the floor tiles of the square, poems related to the past dynasties are engraved everywhere, and parents can be seen everywhere taking their children to have a rest and recite poems, telling stories related to this place, adding a lot of poetry and painting under the beautiful scenery.

　　The children are singing poems. People’s Daily reporter Liu Weishe

　　It is reported that on weekdays, citizens often come here spontaneously to organize poetry readings. On the day of the reporter’s visit, members of Hebi City Recitation Association and students of Futian Primary School in the city performed wonderful recitation programs in Taibai Square. "Vote for me with papaya, with Joan Cheng. It’ s always good to report it. " While bowing, the children sang The Book of Songs Wei Feng Papaya with childish voices.

　　This city, which is closely connected with poetry, inherits the classics by combining modernity with tradition, and shows the profound cultural elegance of Qihe River Basin.

　　Protecting ecological damei wetland

　　Qihe River is Hebi’s mother river and life river. It rushes out from Taihang Mountain, giving birth to the misty Qianhe Lake, the Qiligou with clear water, the mysterious and romantic Jinshan Temple, the ancient Lutai Pavilion and the Qihe National Wetland Park with flocks of birds. In 2015, Qihe Ecological Zone was rated as "National Eco-tourism Demonstration Zone" by the National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of Environmental Protection. In 2021, the Hebi section of Qihe River, as the only river selected in Henan Province, was selected as the nomination case of "Beautiful Rivers and Lakes" by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

　　Qihe national wetland park. People’s Daily reporter Liu Weishe

　　Following the interview group, the reporter came to Qihe National Wetland Park and saw the reeds rippling by the clear river. "Duck Prophet of Spring River Water Heating", strolling in the garden, many ducks and geese are playing in the water, and peacocks are pacing on the shore. Red-crowned crane, gray crane, white-headed crane and gray-crowned crane … … In Heyuan, there are many rare cranes walking leisurely. According to the on-site commentator, there are 8 kinds of cranes in Heyuan, and there are more than 200 other birds. "Come to Hebi to see cranes" has become a new business card being built locally.

　　It is understood that Qihe National Wetland Park has a total area of 4,987 mu, of which the wetland area is 4,065 mu, and the wetland rate is 81.43%. The wetland park has diverse geological terrain, rich hot spring resources and good water quality, which provides an ideal growth environment for animals and plants.

　　"Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", it is reported that the local investment is nearly 400 million yuan to build water conservation forests, build ecological buffer zones and isolation zones, build ecological wetlands to restore rivers, and build an ecological protection circle of Qihe River, which combines arbor, shrub, grass, vine and humidity, and reproduces the Dameiqi River from the Book of Songs.

What happened when a public institution won the first place in the total score but missed the physical examination？

　　Although the written test and interview are the first, Qu Jianghuan, a candidate from Wuning, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, failed to make the list of medical examiners because of the inconsistent interpretation of his professional qualifications by the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, and was replaced by the second candidate, Ke Wendi.

　　In a rage, Qu Jianghuan took Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, Jiujiang City People’s Social Security Bureau and Wuning County Wenguang New Tourism Bureau to court. In this public examination storm of public institutions, Qu Jianghuan learned afterwards that it was Ke Wendi, the second candidate in the total score, who reported that his major did not meet the job requirements, which led to his unqualified qualification review, and Ke Wendi’s father was a deputy director of the local judicial bureau, which made Qu Jianghuan suspect that he had encountered "radish recruitment". After this incident was reported by the media, it caused heated public opinion.

　　Why does the local people’s social security bureau make inconsistent professional qualification identification? Is there any injustice in this open recruitment? The reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network launched an investigation into this.

　　"reporting"

　　"I didn’t report it maliciously. I just reported it through formal channels ‘ Professional mismatch ’ The problem of safeguarding your rights and interests. " Ke Wendi stressed to reporters.

　　In the public recruitment of Jiujiang institutions in the second half of 2017, Qu Jianghuan, an undergraduate majoring in "Art Design (Decoration Art Design)" of Minjiang University, applied for the post of "Cultural Counselor 1" in Wuning County Township Publicity and Culture Station (later renamed as "Wuning County Culture Radio and Television Press and Publication Tourism Bureau" due to institutional reform).

　　Through the written test and interview, among the 13 candidates, Qu Jianghuan was shortlisted with the first total score.

　　On February 9, 2018, official website of Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Announcement on Matters Related to Physical Examination of Staff of Public Recruitment Institutions in Wuning County in the Second Half of 2017. Qu Jianghuan accidentally found that his name disappeared from the list of shortlisted candidates for physical examination.

　　Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau replied that there was no name of Zhai Jianghuan in the medical examination announcement in 2018, because there was controversy, so there was no announcement.

　　Eight months later, Qu Jianghuan learned from the announcement of Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security that the second place, Ke Wendi, was shortlisted for medical examination because of her unqualified qualification review. On October 26th, 2018, Wuning County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security announced in official website of Jiujiang City Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security that Ke Wendi had passed the qualification review, and informed the time and place of medical examination.

　　Ke Wendi, who also applied for the position of "Cultural Counselor 1" in this open recruitment, recalled that on the afternoon of December 12, 2017, he went to the office of the special technology unit of Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau to submit his resume, ID card, academic certificate and other materials needed for the preliminary qualification examination. When signing the registration form for confirmation, he saw that the professional name of the candidate Qu Jianghuan on the form was art design (decoration art design), so he casually asked Huang Songmin, the head of the special technology unit responsible for qualification examination.

　　Huang Songmin replied, "There is no problem with majors", and also took out an internal review to explain to him that "art design is a big category, including decorative art design".

　　According to the Announcement of Public Recruitment of Staff in Jiujiang Institutions for the Second Half of 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the "Recruitment Announcement") issued by Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security on November 2, 2017, the job requirements of "Cultural Counselor 1" are: full-time national unified recruitment of bachelor degree or above, 30 years old and below, limited to Wuning household registration. Undergraduate professional requirements: art design (media art design), performance (130301) and art design (130501).

　　With questions, Ke Wendi looked up the catalogue of undergraduate majors in colleges and universities promulgated by the Ministry of Education (2012) on the Internet, and found that none of the three majors required for the recruitment position matched "art design (decoration art design)".

　　The next morning, Ke Wendi went to the County People’s Social Security Bureau to reflect it step by step. After many unsuccessful reflections, he mailed the reflection materials to Zhang Xiaoqiu, then director of Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, by notarization service on December 18, 2017. Subsequently, the issue was reflected in writing to Wuning County Bureau for Letters and Calls, Wuning County Commission for Discipline Inspection, Jiujiang Bureau for Letters and Calls, Jiujiang Minsheng Channel and Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security.

　　"I went to the County People’s Social Security Bureau to report that the other party asked me to consult the city for specific questions. I went to the city to report. The Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau said that the County People’s Social Security Bureau was responsible for the specific qualification examination. I ran more than twenty or thirty times before and after, and the People’s Social Security Bureau did not give me a positive answer." In desperation, Ke Wendi reported Huang Songmin, the chief of the special technology unit of Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, to the County Commission for Discipline Inspection.

　　It is precisely because of Ke Wendi’s repeated reflections and reports that Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security began to urge Wuning County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security to re-examine the qualifications.

　　explain

　　In response to Ke Wendi’s reflection, Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau and Wuning County Wenguang New Tourism Bureau jointly issued the "Information Note on the Qualification Examination" (hereinafter referred to as the "Description") on January 15, 2018.

　　The "Description" mentioned that according to the recruitment announcement and the answer to the catalogue of majors and new majors in the "Qualification Examination in the Second Half of 2017" issued by the Municipal Bureau, and referring to the professional requirements of the three positions recruited by Wuning County Township Cultural Station in the second half of 2016, there is also a similar situation in the art design major. "We think ‘ Cultural Counselor 1’ The qualification examination results of the three candidates who were shortlisted for the interview were all qualified. After communicating with the Wenguang New Tourism Bureau of Wuning County, the employer agreed to the qualification examination results of our bureau. " The "Description" is stamped with the official seals of two units.

　　Huang Songmin, Chief of the Special Technology Unit of Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, has been engaged in job title evaluation and recruitment of public institutions since May 2013.

　　Huang Songmin mentioned in the "Description of the Situation" made to the Fifth Discipline Inspection and Supervision Office of Wuning County Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 24, 2018 that during the registration period, candidates asked: "Can this post ("Cultural Counselor 1 ") art design or art design (XX direction) major apply?" After consulting the Municipal Bureau of Public Affairs, Comrade Liu Jian of Corey made it clear that he could apply for the exam.

　　It is the qualification examination stage after the written examination. On December 11, 2017, Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Qualification Examination in the Second Half of 2017" to all qualification examination units in Jiujiang City in the internal QQ working group.

　　Huang Songmin said that the position of "Cultural Counselor 1" was shortlisted for the interview. Qu Jianghuan majored in art design (decoration art design), Chen Moumou majored in art design, and Wendy Ke majored in art design (media art design). According to the second point of Article 5 of the Qualification Examination in the Second Half of 2017 issued by the Municipal Bureau, the answer is: "For the major of art design, the elderly,

　　Before the interview, the candidates who are shortlisted for the interview need to send the originals and copies of their ID cards, diplomas and academic certificates to the Special Technology Unit of Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau for review. Referring to this qualification examination standard issued by the Municipal Bureau, on the day of formal qualification examination, in order to confirm whether Qu Jianghuan can apply for the post of "Cultural Counselor 1" again, Huang Songmin asked the Municipal Bureau of Public Affairs again, and Comrade Liu Jian clearly replied: "No problem, you can apply."

　　The "Description" mentioned that Huang Songmin also reported the situation to Zheng Chuanxian, deputy director of the Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, and Zhang Xiaoqiu, director of the Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau. After careful consideration by the leaders, he decided: "This is the recruitment examination for public institutions organized by Jiujiang City. The Municipal Bureau has explained this major, and the county-level qualification examination unit should implement it according to this standard. Therefore, the qualification examination results of the three candidates who have been shortlisted for this position are all qualified. Our bureau reported the results of the qualification examination to the Municipal Bureau, and the Municipal Bureau did not raise any objection. "

　　It is also mentioned in the "Description of the Situation" that "Wendy Ke came to our bureau to report that Qu Jianghuan’s major did not meet the job requirements. I and Deputy Director Zheng Chuanxian reported to the Bureau’s business department, and the reply was: there is no problem with this review. If there are candidates who have doubts about this result, please ask the employer to give their opinions. Deputy Director Zheng Chuanxian and I communicated face-to-face with the employing unit, and Director Jiang Debiao of Wenguang New Bureau clearly agreed with the results of this qualification examination. Art design (decorationCandidates majoring in art design can also be qualified for this job. "

　　reverse

　　However, in the physical examination after the interview, Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau made an opposite determination to Qu Jianghuan’s qualification review results.

　　On October 16, 2018, Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security announced that the post of "Cultural Counselor 1" in the township propaganda and cultural station of Wenguang New Bureau in Wuning County was vacant due to unqualified candidates’ qualification review, and Ke Wendi, who took the second place in the total score, planned to be shortlisted for medical examination. Officially confirmed the cancellation of Qu Jianghuan’s medical examination qualification.

　　"Before entering the examination and after the written examination, I consulted Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau twice to confirm whether my major can enter the examination for this position, and all I got were positive answers. ‘ If the major meets the requirements, you can apply for ’ 。” What puzzles Qu Jianghuan is why he was ‘ The major you studied does not meet the post requirements ’ Brush it down for reasons.

　　Without a medical examination, Qu Jianghuan began the road of safeguarding rights. On November 1, 2018, Qu Jianghuan filed an administrative lawsuit in Yongxiu County People’s Court, demanding that the human and social departments resume their medical examination qualifications.

　　On December 28, 2018, Yongxiu County People’s Court rejected Qu Jianghuan’s claim. After losing the case in the first instance, Jiujiang Intermediate People’s Court ruled in the second instance that the third person was omitted in the first instance, which violated legal procedures, and the original judgment was revoked and sent back for retrial. On December 12, 2019, the Yongxiu County People’s Court reopened the case after adding a third person, Wendy Ke, ex officio. Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, Wuning County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security and Wuning County Wenguang New Tourism Bureau all sat in the dock.

　　During the trial, the Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau gave an explanation that contradicted the previous reply. "Qu Jianghuan’s undergraduate major is art design (decoration art design), not ‘ Cultural Counselor 1’ As a major with no professional code, Qu Jianghuan should consult the recruiting unit in advance and report to the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau for filing under the approval of the recruiting unit before passing the examination. However, Qu Jianghuan did not consult the recruiting unit before applying for the exam and was recognized. "

　　Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau also believes that Qu Jianghuan’s passing the interview review does not indicate that he has met the recruitment requirements. "According to the provisions of the recruitment announcement, the qualification examination for examination and employment runs through the whole process of open recruitment, and a review will be made at every link. Although Qu Jianghuan was not considered unqualified in the written test and interview, it does not mean that his qualification must meet the professional requirements of the recruitment position. Qu Jianghuan’s undergraduate major is not ‘ Cultural Counselor 1’ The post is within the scope of undergraduate professional requirements, and his registration qualification does not meet the requirements of the recruitment position after review. "

　　Regarding the "Qualification Examination in the Second Half of 2017" issued by the Business Department of Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security said that this is not a legal document, but a guiding explanation made by the staff. Personal views are for reference only and cannot be used as the basis for qualification examination. In the end, the professional catalogue and announcement shall prevail. "And our bureau has not made it clear that Qu Jianghuan meets the requirements for professional setting." The Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau conducted a cross-examination. "This document is a provision for internal reference and cannot be binding and enforceable."

　　Jiujiang Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, Wuning County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security and Wuning County Bureau of Wenguang New Tourism all said: "It is only a preliminary opinion of internal review."

　　As for Huang Songmin’s "Description", Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau said that it is Huang Songmin’s personal description, and the examination qualification examination should be based on the recruitment announcement.

　　On December 20, 2019, Yongxiu County People’s Court ruled in the first instance that the administrative actions made by Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau and Jiujiang Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau to cancel Qu Jianghuan’s medical examination qualification were illegal, and ordered the two levels of people’s social security bureaus to jointly compensate Qu Jianghuan for a loss of 12,000 yuan, rejecting Qu Jianghuan’s request to cancel other litigation requests including the specific administrative actions of the People’s Social Security Bureau.

　　After the verdict was pronounced, Qu Jianghuan, Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau and Jiujiang Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau all refused to accept the verdict and appealed. On the afternoon of July 17, 2020, Qu Jianghuan sued Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, Jiujiang City People’s Social Security Bureau and Wuning County Wenguang New Tourism Bureau for refusing to admit himself to the second trial in Jiujiang Intermediate People’s Court. During the trial that day, whether Qu Jianghuan met the recruitment conditions became the focus of court debate, and the case was not pronounced in court.

　　on the basis of

　　In the court hearing on July 17th this year, Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau recognized Qu Jianghuan as a "professional nonconformity" eight months after the preliminary examination of the qualification was qualified, and explained that the qualification review was unqualified: "During this period, we learned a lot about the correlation between the two majors, so after such a long time, we finally decided that his major did not conform and disqualified."

　　The "Recruitment Announcement" states that this exam will be conducted in good faith online, and no qualification examination will be conducted during online registration. Applicants should be responsible for whether they meet the job requirements. If you are in doubt about whether you meet the post qualifications, you should consult the relevant departments first, and then fill in the form after confirming that you meet the requirements. Qualification examination will be conducted before the interview (physical examination), and those who do not meet the requirements will be disqualified from the examination or employment.

　　The fact that Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau finally made the unqualified decision is that Qu Jianghuan’s undergraduate major "Art Design (Decorative Art Design)" is not within the scope of undergraduate professional requirements for the post of "Cultural Counselor 1".

　　The "Recruitment Announcement" determines that the professional reference catalogue of this recruitment position is the "Undergraduate Professional Catalogue of Ordinary Colleges and Universities". The professional requirements of "Cultural Counselor 1" for undergraduate education are art design (media art design), performance (130301) and art design (130501). Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau argued that from the comparison of the old and new professional catalogues, it can be seen that art design and art design are two different majors of "design science", and they are in a parallel relationship rather than a species relationship, and Qu Jianghuan’s major art design (decoration art design) and art design belong to different majors.

　　The reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Net consulted the Catalogue of Undergraduate Majors in Colleges and Universities (2012 and 2020 editions) promulgated by the Ministry of Education, and found that neither the major of "Art Design (Decoration Art Design)" nor the major of "Art Design (Media Art Design)" was in the professional catalogue of these two editions.

　　On the afternoon of August 5th, the staff of the Academic Affairs Office of Fujian Minjiang University said in an interview with the reporter of Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com that the school started to offer the major of art design in 2004. According to the Catalogue of Academic Degrees Granting and Personnel Training (December 2005) revised by the the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the Ministry of Education at that time, the major of art design belongs to the "art category", and the major of art design enrolled in 2009 has seven professional directions, including art. In 2012, the Ministry of Education issued a new catalogue of undergraduate majors. In 2013, the major of art design was renamed as "Environmental Design and Visual Communication Design", which belongs to the major of "Design Science".

　　Ke Wendi also told reporters that in order to standardize the names of some disciplines, the undergraduate major "Art Design (Media Art Design)" of the Ministry of Education has now been renamed "Digital Media Art", which belongs to two disciplines under the category of "Design Science".

　　In this way, in the 2012 and 2020 editions of undergraduate professional catalogues, "Visual Communication Design" and "Digital Media Art" belong to two disciplines, a first-class discipline, and belong to different majors.

　　"The catalogue of undergraduate majors promulgated by the Ministry of Education was revised four times in 1987, 1993, 1998 and 2012 (revised for the fifth time in 2020). Art design, art design (decoration art design) and my professional art design (media art design) have always been the first-class disciplines ‘ Design science ’ Under the two disciplines, the three majors are parallel two disciplines majors, which was not explained by the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. Art design is a big category, including all art design majors. " Ke Wendi believes that the internal document of the Municipal Bureau, "About Qualification Examination in the Second Half of 2017", gives an explanation that art design is obviously inconsistent with the professional catalogue promulgated by the Ministry of Education, and expands the professional scope of the post at will, which is inconsistent with the requirements of the recruitment announcement. In the end, it became the only basis for the qualification examination of the county bureau, and made a review result that was inconsistent with the recruitment announcement.

　　"In this process, the municipal bureau made unprofessional and unscientific explanations, which provided a basis for those who did not meet the profession to pass the qualification examination." Ke Wendi said.

　　In the past few years, Ke Wendi has participated in many examinations of public institutions. According to him, in the interview training after the written examination every year, there are always students in the interview class who fail to pass the qualification examination because of their majors, and leave halfway through the interview class. A classmate in the interview class told him: "A friend applied for a position in Jingdezhen, and one word of his major did not meet the requirements and could not pass the examination."

　　In the meantime, Ke Wendi consulted the Jiangxi Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department by telephone number 12333, and the answer was: "Art design and art design (decoration art design) are both in two disciplines under the category of" design science ",and there is no relationship between inclusion and inclusion. Two disciplines cannot be interpreted as a first-class discipline. The Human Resources and Social Security Bureau has no right to expand or narrow the scope of the profession. The right to interpret the professional catalogue lies with the Ministry of Education. "

　　Qu Jianghuan said that in the past, the Ministry of Education did not standardize the professional name, and the setting of university art majors was not strictly in accordance with the professional catalogue of the Ministry of Education, but what was popular. Now, with the continuous standardization of undergraduate professional catalogues, universities also set majors in strict accordance with the professional catalogue, canceling the previous majors and making the professional courses clearer. "But this also caused the graduates of previous art majors to have no professional basis when applying for positions (the corresponding professional name cannot be found in the professional catalogue), and in many cases, they can only call for inquiries.

　　query

　　"The post I took is restricted to local household registration, and the major of art design (media art design) can’t be found in our local small county. Not only does Tsinghua Peking University have this major, but Nanchang University and Jiangxi Normal University don’t have it, and even Jiujiang College doesn’t have it. ‘ Cultural Counselor 1’ Why did the post set up an art design (media art design) major without a professional code and not in the undergraduate professional catalogue? " Qu Jianghuan questioned whether this major without professional code is designed for people.

　　Since the major of "Art Design (Media Art Design)" has no professional code, and it is not in the catalogue of undergraduate majors issued together with the Recruitment Announcement, how did the Wenguang New Tourism Bureau of Wuning County know and set up this major, and how did the County People’s Social Security Bureau examine and approve it?

　　On August 2, the reporter called Nie Daofa, director of Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau, and Zheng Chuanxian, deputy director, respectively. Both of them said, "No interview" and then hung up.

　　"This major, like my major, is a major divided several years ago, and it can’t be found in the professional catalogue comparison table of the Ministry of Education. The latest recruitment plan actually specifies to recruit an old major that is not in the professional catalogue. " Qu Jianghuan can’t figure it out.

　　Moreover, the explanation of Wuning County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security on relevant professional issues can’t convince Qu Jianghuan. Since it is not a major listed in the Recruitment Announcement, you can’t apply for the exam. Then why can the majors of the hired personnel in the "Cultural Counselor 2" position recruited in the same year be exactly the same as those required in the Recruitment Announcement?

　　After three court sessions, the reply from the two-level human resources and social security bureau made Qu Jianghuan very helpless. "It means that we thought you could, but now we think you can’t. It used to be our internal decision. Such a serious matter as open recruitment will change when it changes. "

　　In the past three years, Qu Jianghuan repeatedly asked the court and the People’s Social Security Bureau to obtain the application materials of 13 candidates who actually referred to the post of "Cultural Counselor 1", but they were unsuccessful. The top three candidates for the post of "Cultural Counselor 1" are Qu Jianghuan, Chen Moumou and Ke Wendi. If only Ke Wendi’s major meets the requirements, then Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau and Jiujiang Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau knew that only Ke Wendi met the professional requirements of the post after the written test. In order to help Ke Wendi achieve the goal of directing the post, it is obviously illegal to pass the qualification examination of Chen Moumou and me and enter the interview. "

　　Qu Jianghuan believes that according to the professional situation of the 13 candidates in this position, several of them meet the requirements of the Recruitment Announcement. In order to prove that this position is not a directional condition, Wuning Human Resources and Social Security Bureau or the court should order them to submit the relevant professional information of these 13 applicants.

　　A transcript of the trial obtained by the reporter shows that during the second trial, Qu Jianghuan asked the Wuning County People’s Social Security Bureau. How many applicants for the position of "Cultural Counselor 1" met the recruitment major? The other party replied: "We don’t know."

　　During the trial, the Wenguang New Tourism Bureau of Wuning County issued a cross-examination opinion, saying that when applying for the post, there were no discriminatory conditions unrelated to the post, and the post of "Cultural Counselor 1" was set up because of work needs, and at the same time, several similar majors were set up to meet the post requirements. "We declare to the human resources and social departments in accordance with the law. According to the requirements of the Recruitment Announcement, majors that are not included in the professional code can also be set as the scope of recruitment. There is no problem with setting direction in this recruitment. "

　　"At that time, there was really no ‘ Art Design (Media Art Design) ’ Major, I don’t know how the employer found this major. I only applied for it when I saw a position in the recruitment announcement that met my major. In that year, my major was clearly stated in the recruitment announcement, and I don’t need to look at the professional catalogue again, but Qu Jianghuan’s major was not only in the recruitment announcement, but also in the professional catalogue of that year. " Ke Wendi stressed, "If this position is specially designed for me, why is there such a problem in the qualification examination? I don’t have to spend so much time to reflect and report, and I should be able to pass all the way directly. "

　　pause

　　Because Ke Wendi’s father is the deputy director of the Justice Bureau of Wuning County, Qu Jianghuan even suspects that he has encountered a "radish recruitment".

　　Ke Wendi responded by saying: "My father is the deputy director of the county judicial bureau, but he doesn’t work in the People’s Social Security Bureau or the Wenguang New Tourism Bureau. He is not related to the leaders or team members of these functional units, nor is he a classmate or friend. How can I set up a post for me? I just want to pass the exam and get a job opportunity. "

　　After graduating from college in 2015, Ke Wendi joined the Yuning Judicial Office of Wuning County Judicial Bureau as a community correction worker (community correction assistant) and was a temporary worker in the unit. At the beginning, the monthly salary was only 1300 yuan, and it didn’t rise to 2000 yuan until the beginning of 2019.

　　Ke Wendi said that the community correction work of the Judicial Bureau has a heavy task and is very short of people. There is only one director and one temporary staff member at each grassroots level. In the year of university graduation, the former community correction assistant of Yuning Judicial Institute left the company after taking the examination of the teacher establishment, and was in urgent need of manpower. The institute reported to the bureau and asked the bureau to arrange suitable personnel, but because the salary was too low, no one could be recruited.

　　At this time, Ke Wendi was preparing for the examination of public institutions at home. When he saw that his father had not recruited anyone in the office, he suggested that he sign up and try. "You can prepare for the exam while working, and make a transition."

　　"The post of community correction assistant requires young, educated and computer-savvy. After I signed up, the Judicial Bureau held a meeting to study and agree to take over the job after the National Day in 2015. " Because the salary is only 1,300 yuan, plus getting married and having children, life is unsustainable. In the past five years, Ke Wendi wanted to quit her job several times to do business. "There is really no one in the office, so let me insist. To be honest, the salary of 1,300 yuan is a problem for me to eat by myself. Now, for two children at home, it costs more than 1,000 yuan to buy milk powder alone. The expenses at home depend on my wife’s salary, and I have to rely on my parents to help me from time to time.

　　Ke Wendi said frankly that with the mentality of taking an examination of institutions, she initially hoped to have more time to study and review, so she found this temporary job without preparation, which was only a transition and the salary was lower.

　　Ke Wendi told reporters that the staff before the post were introduced by acquaintances. Because the salary was too low, no one wanted to come. When there were suitable people, they were introduced. People who came to work also tried their best to take the exam. "All the people before my post took the exam. If this didn’t happen, I might have taken the exam."

　　At present, Ke Wendi has completed the medical examination procedure. Up to now, the employer Wenguang New Tourism Bureau of Wuning County has not assessed him, and the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau has not announced the final employment, and everything has been suspended.

　　Qu Jianghuan’s life was also suspended because of this incident. In the past three years, Qu Jianghuan has gone through three court trials and five court trips to defend his rights, and the municipal and county human resources and social security bureaus have visited countless times. As he has never had a fixed job, he works for three or four months at most in a year, mostly doing casual work such as road repair. "Wuning, where there are road repairs, I will go there. I have no income for half a year this year, and I often rely on my parents for subsidies in my life. At present, I am preparing for the civil service exam in Jiangxi Province at home.

　　For this recruitment storm caused by professional qualifications, both young people told reporters, "I believe the court will give a fair judgment."

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Chen Zhuoqiong

China Fucai sold hundreds of billions in nine months. Where is all the money spent？

Data Map: A lottery site in Beijing (Source: Zhongxin. com)

Recently, the website of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection released confession videos of four former leaders of China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center, which triggered heated public opinion. Combined with the data previously released by the Ministry of Finance, the total sales of lottery tickets nationwide reached 383.498 billion yuan in the first three quarters, of which 165.311 billion yuan was sold by welfare lottery institutions. With such huge sales, the topic of welfare lottery fund management can easily be derived from public opinion.

Welfare lottery was developed under the background of social system reform and social welfare system reconstruction in China. Since its establishment, the welfare lottery has held high the welfare banner of "helping the elderly, helping the disabled, saving the orphans and helping the needy", accumulated a large amount of public welfare funds, and actively promoted public welfare projects, which has made outstanding contributions to the development of charity in China and awakened the public’s charity consciousness to a certain extent. However, there are some problems exposed in the development of welfare lottery, such as unclear functional orientation, opaque use of funds, lack of integrity in operating procedures, etc., which have aroused widespread concern in the whole society. Therefore, when developing welfare lottery, we should pay attention to the following relations:

The first is the relationship between public welfare and profit. Public welfare is the fundamental purpose of developing welfare lottery. On the premise of public welfare, it is a profit-making problem. Therefore, welfare lottery should focus on the rational distribution mechanism of fund raising, highlight the role of welfare lottery in public welfare undertakings, make profit-making serve public welfare, and prevent it from becoming a tool for individuals, companies and even government departments to make profits under the banner of public welfare.

The second is the relationship between state and market. Whether welfare lottery is managed by the government or operated by the market is very important for the development of welfare lottery. From the development history of the world welfare lottery, although lottery sales have a strong market-oriented color, lottery management has a strong national regulatory characteristics. For example, in Britain, there is a special national lottery committee in charge of the issuance and management of lottery tickets, and private operation of lottery tickets is not allowed. In the States that allow lottery tickets to be issued in the United States, there are also very clear purposes for the use of lottery profits, which are mainly used for public education, sports facilities construction, mass transportation systems, and housing construction for disabled veterans.

The third is the relationship between short-term and long-term. As a new thing in China, welfare lottery has broken through many taboos in concepts and systems in the field of social construction. In the short term, we should focus on the legislation and supervision of welfare lottery. In the long run, the development of welfare lottery still faces many uncertainties. For example, with the introduction of new regulations on the lottery industry, how will the public welfare and welfare of welfare lottery be reflected? Therefore, the theoretical research on welfare lottery should be strengthened to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for relevant policy formulation.

The fourth is the relationship between locality and internationality. To develop welfare lottery, we should not only consider the traditional culture of China, but also respect the general law of its industry development. Welfare lottery should be based on China’s national conditions, emphasize its charitable nature, weaken gamblers’ psychology, and make welfare lottery serve social harmony and social security. At the same time, we need to clarify the responsibility of the central government and standardize the rules for the use of welfare lottery public welfare funds.

To sum up, we should pay attention to the following points in developing welfare lottery.

First, we must improve the management system. Establish and improve the management system of "national issuance-financial management-civil use-audit supervision" as soon as possible, and consider setting up a management organization similar to the National Welfare Lottery Committee or the National Lottery Committee to be responsible for the issuance management of welfare lottery tickets. Welfare lottery proceeds shall be incorporated into the special accounts of the central and local governments in a timely manner, and the civil affairs department shall put forward a plan for the use of welfare lottery proceeds, and be responsible for the organization and implementation of various welfare plans and projects. The audit department should supervise the above-mentioned links and form a closed loop of the system.

Second, we must enhance credibility. The operating procedures of welfare lottery should be standardized and transparent, and the operating cost, profit distribution and winning probability should be reasonably stipulated, so as to ensure the fairness and justice of the lottery management and enhance its social credibility.

Third, we must guide public opinion propaganda. Focus on public welfare, such as how many "Hope Primary Schools" have been donated by the Welfare Lottery Fund and how many poor people have been subsidized. It is necessary to weaken the gimmicky public opinion guidance on gameplay and winning information, and form a good charity culture atmosphere.

Fourth, the public welfare fund should be used transparently. The welfare lottery public welfare fund should give priority to the areas of people’s livelihood such as education, pension, protection of the disabled and children, regularly publish the income, expenditure and balance, and conduct a third-party evaluation on the use effect of funds to ensure the healthy operation of welfare lottery on the track of law and system.

(Han Keqing, Professor, School of Labor and Personnel, Renmin University of China, special author of overseas network)