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Eating rabbits is risky! What deadly viruses are hidden in the ＂game＂ on the table？

　　According to the latest epidemic situation of pneumonia in novel coronavirus, as of 24: 00 on January 28th, the National Health and Wellness Commission had received a total of 5,974 confirmed cases from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), including 1,239 severe cases, 132 cumulative deaths and 103 cumulative cured and discharged cases. There are 9239 suspected cases.

　　The menacing epidemic has kept everyone in a state of panic. With the expansion of the epidemic, "wild animals" and "game" have once again become the focus of public attention. Earlier, on January 20th, in view of the current pneumonia epidemic in novel coronavirus, Zhong Nanshan, the leader of National Health Commission high-level expert group and academician of China Academy of Engineering, once pointed out that novel coronavirus is likely to come from a wild animal, and it is more likely to be wild animals like bamboo rats and badgers.

　　On January 28th, Academician Zhong Nanshan accepted an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency, saying that in 2019, novel coronavirus first appeared on a bat, and scientists were looking for an intermediate storage owner in novel coronavirus.

　　What is certain is that this epidemic has a great relationship with wild animals.

　　Some researchers have done statistics. At present, 70% of new infectious diseases come from wild animals.

　　SARS virus: The source of SARS has been proved to come from the Chinese bat, civet cats contact and infect them, and then transmit the virus to humans. If humans did not catch and eat civet cats, which were originally wild animals, the transmission chain of the virus from bats to civet cats and then to people would not have formed, and SARS would not have broken out that year.

　　Ebola virus: The source of Ebola virus is wild animals such as orangutans, monkeys and bats. It is precisely because in Africa, people prey on these wild animals that Ebola virus has been transmitted from animals to people many times, and then it has caused outbreaks in human society.

　　Nipah virus: Nipah virus also comes from bats, because humans built pig farms next to bat habitats, and the fruits bitten by bats and infected with the virus fell into the pigsty, and pigs were infected with the virus after eating them, and then infected people with the virus.

　　Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus: In 2012, doctors in Saudi Arabia discovered a strange disease, which was later named "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome". The MERS virus that causes this disease was originally found in an African bat. Some dromedaries in North Africa accidentally contacted bats with viruses and were infected with MERS virus. With the trade from North Africa to the Middle East, dromedary caravans brought the virus to the Middle East, and the sick dromedaries infected more camels through nasal secretions, eventually infecting humans and spreading among humans.

　　one-humped camel

　　Influenza virus: almost everyone has had the flu, but the flu disease has nothing to do with humans. They come from birds. Moreover, the flu virus infects the digestive tract of birds, not the respiratory tract. The virus will "mutate", and the bird flu virus will mutate into a new virus that infects humans. However, the surface receptors of human respiratory cells are very close to those of birds’ digestive tract cells. When these new viruses mutated from birds are transmitted to humans, they cause respiratory diseases in humans, that is, "flu".

　　HIV: There are two kinds of HIV: one is called HIV-1, and the other is called HIV-2. After research, scientists found that HIV-2 virus came from "mangabey with white top" in West Africa. This monkey carried a SIV virus and independently evolved into HIV-2 AIDS virus. Hunters in West Africa often kill this kind of monkey. When the monkey bites the hunter, or the butcher disposes of the monkey’s corpse, the monkey’s blood containing the virus enters the human body and will be infected with the virus. These viruses replicate themselves and gradually adapt to new hosts — — That is, humans. The HIV-1 virus has a completely different source. They come from another animal: chimpanzees.

　　Baiding mangabey

　　In addition, Hendra virus, Zika virus and so on, the sources of these deadly infectious diseases are all related to wild animals.

　　The following small series is for everyone to learn about the bacteria or viruses that are at risk of infectious diseases carried by these common "game players" who have been repeatedly harassed.

　　The greatest protection for wild animals is to stay away from them and leave their homes to them. Don’t go near them, don’t occupy them, and don’t overfish or eat.

　　Protecting them means protecting us. I hope everyone can introspect, stop being willful and let the tragedy repeat itself.

　　Finally, I hope Wuhan can tide over the difficulties and control the epidemic.

Do you still want to see medical drama after the epidemic？

Original Guhan entertainment hard candy

Author | Gu Han

Editor | Li Chunhui

Under the impact of the epidemic, the Spring Festival movies are deserted. Although the dramas have been updated, the publicity is still much lower than usual. At the same time, a domestic medical drama, which premiered in 2017 and scored 6 points in Douban, unexpectedly became popular under the title of "Prophecy Drama".

Emergency Doctor, directed by Zheng Xiaolong and Liu Xuesong and starring Zhang Jiayi and Wang Luodan, is also one of the first TV series donated by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television to Hubei Province. During the epidemic, many satellite TV stations were replaying, and some netizens spontaneously watched it on video websites.

I don’t know if I don’t know, the drama "God Prophecy" is more than an epidemic. In the first episode of medical trouble, a supporting role died by the knife of the intruder. The bloody scene is inevitably reminiscent of the murder case in the Civil Aviation General Hospital.

From the national attention to violent medical injuries years ago to the passionate praise of "angels in white" during the epidemic, the group of doctors has inevitably become the focus of recent hot discussion, and the content of medical subjects has also received more attention.

Judging from the audience’s interest and market inventory, domestic medical drama seems to have finally reached a new turning point after the setbacks in 2017.

Domestic medical drama, what’s the difference?

Similar to the theme of criminal investigation, medical theme, as an important branch of professional drama, has become quite mature and stable overseas. Doctors are an indispensable industry in people’s daily life, but they are easily unknown. Taking them as the object of description not only meets the realistic needs, but also caters to the audience’s prying psychology to some extent.

At the same time, the hospital faces birth, illness and death, and the human feelings are warm and cold. There is huge room for drama. Light can be like "Grey’s Intern", showing growth and workplace; It can be like "The White Tower", which describes the complexity of human nature. Su Shuang opened, such as the Japanese drama "Dr. X: Surgeon Daimon Michiko"; Hard core is deep, such as the short-lived and high-scoring American TV series Monday morning.

In domestic dramas, medical drama’s output is not high, but there were some works of conscience in his early years. For example, Never Give Up, also directed by Zheng Xiaolong, Infinite Vitality, created by the original crew of Six Major Crimes, and The Doctor’s Benevolence, directed by Dongyu Fu, the director of Action to Break the Ice.

The most influential domestic medical drama in recent years is Mind Mind in 2012. The screenwriter Liu Liu’s grasp of realistic themes and social topics is indeed in place, and all the actors are acting online (although it seems that this lineup is really toxic now).

After the popularity of Mind Art, the market followed suit in succession. In 2014 and 2015, there was a small outbreak in medical drama. In the past two years, four films and three films were broadcast in medical drama, including Distance to Love, Obstetrics and Gynecology of Love, Young Doctor, Growing Up and so on.

In medical drama during this period, the leading role began to be younger and idolized, and the professional details were increasingly controversial. In 2014, Lilac Garden conducted an online survey involving 2,012 doctors, among which 79.4% of the respondents thought that there were many mistakes in domestic dramas.

Medical drama was temporarily absent in 2016, and made a comeback in 2017, under the circumstances that practitioners made mistakes and the media discussed it hotly. Bai Baihe’s Justices Seeker and Wang Luodan’s "Emergency Doctor" are separated from each other. There is also a Pediatrician, starring Leo, who was not famous then.

At this time, the audience’s spit on medical drama has not only pointed to the professional details, but has risen to the level of personnel. Simply put, the protagonist is too virgin, and the returnees love to pretend "beep-".

Why do most domestic professional dramas annoy audiences, especially practitioners?

Distortion of professional details and water injection in love are appearances; In a deeper sense, it is the creator who failed to give the role professionalism (or the creator’s own understanding of professionalism is not in place? After all, most of them are "people who have never been to work"). As a result, it is often the case that the protagonists are emotional and morally kidnapped by each other without a word, regardless of their professionalism.

Different occupations have their own unique ethics and ways of doing things, and professional dramas should be properly displayed to better portray characters. Instead of taking the most superficial primary school students’ three views on all stories, creating a confrontation between "sticking to your duty" and "being a good person", taking exceptions and sacrifices as inevitable, being vague about the structural problems behind the phenomenon, or not thinking at all.

Documentary and online literature have ushered in a medical fever.

Unlike domestic dramas, which are tied behind one’s back, stupid and difficult to explode, in recent years, the "medical fever" in the field of documentaries and online articles has been maintained for quite some time.

Compared with TV dramas and reality shows, authenticity and professionalism are the biggest advantages of documentaries, and it is a great plus for medical subjects. According to media statistics, the average score of douban, a domestic medical documentary, was as high as 9.2 from the 2013 Ten-Year Festival of SARS. Among them, the well-known ones include Human Life, which shows the relationship between doctors and patients, Birth Gate, which focuses on obstetrics and gynecology, Emergency Room Story and Emergency Rescue 120, which focuses on emergency treatment, and the popular science Two Hundred Years of Surgery.

During the Spring Festival this year, Iqiyi launched a documentary called Chinese Doctors, which has achieved a high score of 9.2 in Douban. According to the data, the film was shot and produced by the film crew in different departments of obstetrics and gynecology, emergency department, oncology department, anesthesiology department, operating room, ICU and so on in six large 3A hospitals all over the country, trying to show the real doctor’s daily life with calm lens language, which is more meaningful in the current public opinion environment.

There are also many types of doctors or medical elements in the net. The most basic thing is that in female frequent romances, there are not a few people whose protagonists are doctors. After all, white coats are also the temptation of uniforms. Traditionally, through the passage, the protagonist shocked the ancients by modern accumulated medical knowledge, stirred up the storm, or upgraded by medical skills in the palace fight (after all, the abortion team in the palace only knows something about musk and saffron), and finally became a generation of medical concubines.

In addition, Hard Sugar Jun also mentioned "The Great Doctor Ling Ran" under the reading article before. The novel tells the story of a graduate who entered the hospital accidentally acquired the mysterious system and embarked on the road of technical cattle. Among them, the characters are distinctive and even exaggerated like cartoons, but the description of the hospital environment and the world is very realistic. The novel involves a lot of professional medical knowledge, and describes the "technicality" of surgeons, which has been affirmed by many professionals and has a certain interest in popular science.

The popularity of "The Great Doctor Lingran" has also led to the rise of a new batch of "technical stream medical articles". There are also "Operation Live Room", "I can see the status bar" and so on.

It is difficult to define this kind of works simply by the label of realism or non-realism. Many times the problem is realistic, but the means to solve the problem is unrealistic, and the sense of coolness comes from this.

More than half of the new medical drama was intercepted by the epidemic.

In fact, judging from the market inventory, in 2020, there will be more than ten films to be broadcast and filmed involving medical elements. Its lineup is also quite eye-catching, with 85 small flowers and delicious fresh meat. It is really a gathering of the most popular and topical actors at the moment, and the marketing number began to count and vote early. Unfortunately, nearly half of them were turned on at the end of last year or January this year, and filming has been suspended due to the epidemic.

Among them, Yang Mi and White’s Thank You Doctor (started in November 2019, which was the earliest time to stop filming medical dramas), Stephy and Yang Shining’s Take a Deep Breath Together (Foreign Aid Medical Care), and Huang Jingyu and Li Qin’s Dear Military Dress (Special Forces and Female Military Doctors).

The second level includes "We started to fall in love from marriage" starring Zhou Yutong and Simon; And "My Little Lucky" starring Fair Xing and Daddi Tang, the urban sweet pet, did not run away; In addition, there is a costume drama "Great Traditional Chinese Medicine" starring Xia Yu. According to the master, it took four years to prepare for the drama, and the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine was invited to provide guidance. Unfortunately, it is a pity.

There are also two new dramas that were just finished in January 2020. One is the military emotional drama "You are my fortress" (swat elite and female doctor), which is produced by Golden Shield Film and Television Culture Center of the Ministry of Public Security, the drama cool communication of Huace Keton and Leben Culture, and starring Sandra and Bai Jingting. The other one is produced by Mango TV, starring Yuxi Zhang and Ding Yuxi, "The Color is Strong" (genius doctor and the Popular Floret).

There are also three new dramas that were filmed in 2019, including The Great Pediatrician starring Chen Xiao and Olivia (finished in May), Little Doctor starring Dong Zijian and Jenny (finished in July), and Please Teach Me for the Rest of My Life (finished in November).

Judging from the lineup and plot, all three plays have the potential to be stars. In addition, the epidemic has affected the shooting of new dramas and the broadcast of TV stations, so the first two dramas may have the opportunity to meet the audience as soon as possible. The prospect of "Please Give Your Advice for the Rest of Your Life", in which both male and female stars are at their peak, is even clearer. It has been confirmed that it will be broadcast on Hunan Satellite TV and Tencent video, and the schedule is undecided.

However, it is not difficult to see that most of these medical dramas are not traditional medical industry dramas, but idol dramas in which one party is a doctor, and there are even collisions. Generally speaking, unless there is really a big gap in shooting quality, it is bound to be who broadcasts first and who is more dominant, which is also a lot of pressure for stopping filming.

Of course, medical drama can and should do more. The outbreak of new pneumonia was in a period of highly developed information, which was quite different from the experience of SARS in 2003. Even squatting at home, we can get in touch with real people and stories from the front and back, as well as various voices with different positions, which makes people anxious, painful and sad, and forces us to think.

If this kind of thinking can be embodied in the writer’s pen, deduction is not only a unique way of recording the times in film and television, but also a social responsibility that literature and art should bear.

Original title: "Do you still want to see medical drama after the epidemic? 》

Read the original text

China cooking master Dong Jidu died of illness — China News Network Sichuan News

　　Zhongxin. com, Sichuan News, January 24th (Reporter He Yuqing) The reporter learned from the Sichuan Historical Society’s Sichuan Oral History Committee on the 24th that Dong Jidu, a master chef of China, former head chef of Jingchengyuan Restaurant of Chengdu Catering Company and co-chairman of the Association’s professional committee, died in Chengdu at 18: 00 on January 23rd, 2023, at the age of 79.

　　This culinary master who wrote in the Annals of Sichuan Cuisine is not only proficient in Sichuan cuisine, but also bypasses western food and western pastry technology. His representative dishes include poached squid, dried fish wings, preserved chrysanthemum abalone, dried deer tendon, pigeon eggs with hoof swallows, and young chicken tofu pudding.

Dong Jidu is very supportive of the oral history of Sichuan cuisine.

　　Dong Jidu went to Chengdu Yaohua Western Food Department as an apprentice in 1961, and studied in Yulong Restaurant Chef Training Class in 1964, under the guidance of famous chef Xie Shaoyun. Later, I worked as a chef in Rong Paradise and Yaohua Restaurant. In 1979, he was admitted to Chengdu Senior Chef Training Course. After graduation in 1981, he was assigned to work in Jingchengyuan as a chef, and studied under the famous teacher Liu Duyun. During this period, he went to Jingchengyuan Restaurant in New Jersey, USA as a chef for two years in 1983. After returning to China, he also served as a professional teacher of Sichuan cuisine training class of the city catering company, and participated in the compilation of several Sichuan cuisine cooking textbooks. He has participated in the evaluation of Chengdu chefs’ titles for many times and was awarded the title of Chinese Senior Cooker Appraiser.

　　In recent years, many Sichuan cuisine masters who witnessed the development history of Sichuan cuisine have passed away one after another. In order to carry out the rescue excavation of Sichuan cuisine culture and promote Sichuan cuisine to the world better, the Sichuan Historical Society’s Sichuan Oral History Committee was established in November 2022. Dong Jidu is also one of the co-chairs of the Sichuan Historical Society’s Sichuan Oral History Committee.

　　In an interview with Dong Jidu recorded by the Special Committee on Oral History of Sichuan Cuisine of Sichuan Historical Society, this Sichuan cuisine master once revealed "the secret of learning to cook Sichuan cuisine"-"If you want to learn technology, go to the place where the old masters drink morning tea".

　　Dong Jidu recalled that there was a Caotangzi tea shop in Dajin Street, Chengdu, where masters such as Liu Duyun, Zhang Songyun, Ceng Guohua and Mao Qicheng loved to drink tea. He used to go to the tea shop with Wang Kaifa and Li Defu in the morning to have tea with the grandfathers, and listen to their dragon gate array of Sichuan cuisine. At that time, Zhang Songyun had a sentence that impressed Dong Jidu-"In any case, we should make the best use of our raw materials and not waste them".

　　In 1983, 39-year-old Dong Jidu was sent to Jingchengyuan, New Jersey, USA as a chef. At that time, Wang Development was also working as a chef in the American Paradise. On vacation, Dong Jidu hitchhiked to Rongyuan to discuss cooking with Wang Kaifa, and they often discussed it late into the night.

Dong Jidu (left) works in the American Competition Park.

　　"The departure of Master Dong Jidu makes us feel that the oral history of Sichuan cuisine is imminent, and it is necessary to race against time to record and preserve the cooking essence of more Sichuan cuisine masters in time." Li Zuomin, Secretary-General of the Special Committee on Oral History of Sichuan Cuisine, said that Dong Jidu was very supportive of oral history before his death, and donated the Sichuan Cuisine books and used Sichuan Cuisine utensils he participated in, leaving his mark on the development history of Sichuan Cuisine. (End)

Baidu Post Bar-Beginner Chapter of Searching Skills for Dry Goods

In the impression of many people, Baidu Post Bar is a place with rich content, but some people are not very clear about how to find "dry goods" in the post bar. Rodin said: "There is never a lack of beauty in life, but a lack of eyes to find beauty." In fact, this sentence is also applicable to Post Bar: Baidu Post Bar never lacks dry goods, but only lacks the correct way to find them.

This small series of disgusting analysis brings you introductory and progressive articles on the use skills of Baidu Post Bar, hoping to help all those who seek dry goods to be a great beast to avoid "water"! Because there are many dry goods, in order to make it easy for everyone to master them, today I will introduce the introductory article on the skills of using Post Bar-clarifying interests and needs.

As a social platform with tens of millions of interests, Baidu Post Bar not only provides a wide selection space for long-term users, but also makes beginners a little dumbfounded: "Where should I start with so many themes and high-quality content?"

It can be said that for most users who are new to the post bar, the feeling of "scratching their heads" is caused by not finding a theme that meets their tastes and interests. Therefore, the meaning of the introductory article lies in: make clear the information category you need and find the corresponding topic!

The easiest thing to divide is the theme with "interest" as its dimension. Painting, singing, flowers, grass, small animals, idolize, etc. There are more than 17 million topics in the post bar, and you can find the same hobby here no matter how high or cold your interest is. As long as you have a clear interest, you can find the corresponding topic by searching for keywords or selecting the post bar classification on the left side of the post bar homepage.

How to find dry goods after entering the interest bar? Take "Hand-painted Bar" as an example. When you enter the bar, you can click on the "Boutique" tab to quickly browse the high-quality dry goods stickers produced by a large number of cattle people in the bar! You can also select sub-items such as "Resource Tutorial", "Friends Drawing" or "Boutique Map" by sorting labels. In the boutique stickers and different categories of sub-items, you will find that the post bar is simply crouching tiger, hidden dragon and unfathomable! Xiaobian casually PO a few posts, you feel …

In just one "hand-painted bar", there is everything from 3D wall painting, figure sketch to scenery sketch. Who dares to say that there is no dry goods in the post bar? Other art themes, such as "Watercolor Bar", "Oil Painting Bar", "Sketch Bar", "Illustration Bar" and so on, are countless in Xiaobian, so it depends on your interest!

Baidu Post Bar also has many topics other than hobbies, such as local bars and campus bars. I miss my alma mater for a while, and it may be the fastest way to understand the campus dynamics by posting it to find the theme of my alma mater.

At the same time, many students also solve their difficulties in learning through the theme of "College Entrance Examination Bar", "Senior High School Physics Bar" and "Senior High School Mathematics Bar". For example, in "Math Bar in Senior High School", there are many bar friends who post online questions for long-term obligations, provide math review materials for different grades, and sort out knowledge points and error-prone questions. There are even university parties who have already graduated. Out of their love for mathematics, they write their own test papers and provide them to the bar friends for discussion.

If you have a wide range of interests and don’t have a specific interest demand at the moment, some comprehensive fun bars can also satisfy you, such as Li Yi Bar, God Reply Bar, Connotation Bar, Skimming Bar and so on. This kind of theme bar’s boutique dry goods stickers may not be interested, but the theme is clear, but if you stroll around these bars for a few times, you will definitely stand at the forefront of network hotspots.

The above is the content of the introductory article on the use skills of Baidu Post Bar. From hobbies to study courses, from hometown, alma mater to fashion life, Baidu Post Bar can give you the most nutritious information and content. Are you more confident in fishing for dry goods on the post bar? Then what are you waiting for? Come and post it and try it!

A good film has an appointment ｜ Hugh Jackman leads the film ＂The King of Circus＂

King of the Circus

Director:

playwright：Jenny Bicks/　

star; act the leading role： / 　/　　/　　/　Rebecca Ferguson

Special feature of 1905 film network This week’s blockbuster "The King of Circus" was released in 2017, starring Hugh Jackman, the actor who plays Wolverine. With its excellent reputation, this film has earned 432 million dollars at the box office around the world, and has been nominated for three Golden Globes.

The film "The King of Circus"

Hugh Jackman leads the interpretation.

In 2000, Hugh Jackman, an Australian-born actor, was well known to the audience for playing the role of Wolverine in the series.

Hugh Michael Jackman; Hugh Jackman

But before that, he has become a rising star in Ran Ran on the stage of Australian musicals.

In 1998, with the musical "Oklahoma! It was nominated by Lawrence laurence olivier awards and ushered in the first "highlight moment" in life.

Musical "Oklahoma! 》

In 2012, Hugh Jackman won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Film Musical Comedy for his role as jean valjean in the film version.

The film Les Miserables

The film "The King of Circus" is his second performance on the big screen after the film "Les Miserables" in 2012.　

In order to make The King of Circus appear on the screen, Hugh Jackman put a lot of effort behind the scenes and participated in every preparatory stage of the film.

In order to better interpret the prototype characters, Hugh Jackman also read more than 30 books about him.　

Stills of "The King of Circus"

On the day before the script reading meeting, Hugh Jackman needed surgery for basal cell carcinoma, and the doctor told him not to sing, so as not to open the suture.

However, when rehearsing the last song "From Now on", Hugh Jackman couldn’t suppress his emotions and began to sing until the wound opened.

Hugh Michael Jackman; Hugh Jackman

Stars gather together.

In addition to Hugh Jackman, this film can be well received, and it is also inseparable from the joining of a number of powerful actors.

Stills of "The King of Circus"

In the film, the actor who completed the circus acrobatics the most was our familiar "Spider-Man girlfriend" Zendaya. In order to complete the difficult movements in the film, Zendaya spent several months in training and learned to perform aerial swings with professional trapeze artists.

Stills of "The King of Circus"

The female singer in the film is played by. The actress from Sweden started her acting career at the age of 15, and was loved by the audience because of her cooperation in the series twice.

stage photo

Zac Efron, the actor who plays the supporting role in the film, was once the leading actor in the popular youth film. He stood out in the sea election of more than 600 people that year with his three talents of singing, dancing and performing.

Zac Efron

Music feast

The film "The King of Circus" can stand out among many musical films, and it is also inseparable from the original music with good sound effects in the film.

Stills of "The King of Circus"

The film "The King of Circus" brings together Oscar-winning musicians Benji Pasek and Justin Paul.

Their masterpieces won the Best Original Song Award at the 89th Academy Awards. In 2017, the two were nominated for this award again for their film "The King of Circus".

Benji Pasek (left), Justin Paul(Tuyou)

The curtain of this week’s excellent film "The King of Circus" has been opened, and the performance begins now!

The film "The King of Circus"

This program is live.

In this Saturday’s promotion edition of CCTV-6 movie channel, the presenter Huang Zihongfan will take you into "The King of Circus" with the students from Beijing Normal University. In the Sunday film review edition, film critic Ma Fanshu will invite film scholar Zhou Zhou and actor Huang Zihong Fan to explore the charm of this film. In addition, they will form a film review group with film scholar Suo Yabin, actor Liu Lei and director Hou Zuxin to share the glorious history of musical films.

Program recording site

CCTV-6 movie channel "Good film has a date"

Saturday, April 29th

22:23 Saturday Promotion Edition

22:32 "The King of Circus"

Sunday, April 30th

13:40 "The King of Circus"

15:19 Sunday Film Review Edition

Editor of this issue: Zenneth Kok　

Text editing: Gong Shuang

Stop saying that you don’t know the meaning of BMW logo.

Even if they are the same, there will be "320i" and "320Li" at the rear of the car. You should know that those marked with "320Li" at the rear should also have the word ""because it is a long version. If you know something about it, you should also know that ""and "iDrive" represent two different kinds. However, it’s a little hard for you to look at a logo at the end and make it clear that it’s consistent. Will it be a little difficult for you not to check the information?

For the digital label at the tail, many people just know its meaning. Simply put, the bigger the last two digits, the better the car will be. Someone also said that the last two digits represent the size of the engine, which may make sense on the 316i and 320i/320Li, but the 328i and 328Li are also equipped with the same 2.0TN20B20 engine. Why are the last two digits so big? This is because their engine tuning is different, but how can we see whether the engine tuning of this model is high or low from the digital mark at the tail? Please see below.

Figure: The previous generation of 316i is unprecedented abroad. "16" means equipped with a 1.6T low engine and 136Ps.

Figure: "20" means equipped with a 2.0T low engine, 184Ps.

Figure: "25" indicates that it is equipped with a 2.0T medium engine with 218Ps.

Figure: "28" is equipped with a 2.0T high engine, 245Ps.

Figure: "30" means equipped with a 3.0L naturally aspirated engine, 258Ps. Yes, the "D" at the back also means using Diesel power.

Figure: "35" means equipped with a low engine, 306Ps.

Figure: "40" means equipped with a high engine, 320Ps.

Figure: "50" means equipped with 4.0T or 4.4T engine, 408Ps or 407Ps.

Figure: "60" means equipped with 6.0T engine, 544Ps.

Take 320Li as an example, the first letter "3" indicates the series of this car, the second part "20" represents the engine version used by this car, "L" stands for the longwheelbase, and "I" stands for the fuel-injected model, in which F30 is the short shaft version and F35 is the long shaft. Including 316i, 320Li, 328Li, 335Li；; 320i、328i、335i、320i、328i、335i。

There are no so-called "long" models in foreign countries, but only F30, F31 and F80. However, when F35 arrived in the domestic market, it was treated more warmly than F30. This change may be funny to us, but it is more because F35 can better capture the hearts of Chinese people.

Figure: 118i represents the 1.6T high engine, 170Ps. In contrast, the 116i is equipped with a 1.6T low engine and 136Ps. The "I" at the end indicates the engine.

Although 320i and 320Li are the same, they are still different in code name. The code name of 320i is F30, which means short axis version. The code name of 320Li is F35, which means long axis version.

Figure: 320i(F30). "20" means equipped with a 2.0T low engine, which is 184Ps.

Figure: 320Li(F35). It is also equipped with a 2.0T low engine of 184Ps, and the difference is this "L".

Figure: 335Li(F35). Similarly, this "L" has also sold its domestic identity.

Figure: The letter "C" in 645Ci stands for "Coupe" two doors, and the last use of this name was on the models of (E46) and (E63).

Figure: 330dTouringModernLine(F31), "T" means Touring (Travel Edition), including Wagon and Eseate.

Figure: Ti model of (E46). The so-called "Ti" refers to the hatchback.

Photo: 530xi(E60) is equipped with the 5 series of the system, so you will also see the model with XXXXi written on the rear of it in the early days abroad.

I don’t know if readers will understand that Xiaobian mixed the M series in the chapter of "letter meaning", because the model marked by M represents the high-performance version of the car series. The company (German: BMWmbH), formerly known as BMWMotorsportGmbH, is a subsidiary of the German manufacturer group, and its earliest history can be traced back to 1972. Originally known as M Department, the company was originally a special department specially set up to participate in motor racing, but later it gradually turned into a unit specializing in the development of original high-performance cars (M series) and original performance modification kits. In 1992, the M department was separated and a subsidiary, BMWMotorsportGmbH, was established, and the company name was simplified the next year to become today’s BMWmbH. The M-series models are original high-performance versions for some of its models. The so-called "M" is taken from the initial letter of "BMWMotorsport", and the models currently on sale include: M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, X3M and X4M.

Figure: The former BMWX5M(E70).

Photo: Surely no one will think it is a real 318i?

Photo: "CSL" stands for Coupe, Sport and Lightweigh. This series of cars is also a pure driver’s car and was born for the track. M3CoupeCSL(E46) produced only 1,400 vehicles from 2002 to 2004.

The early four-wheel drive was not called ADB-X, which followed almost contemporary products. Therefore, the early ADB-X four-wheel drive system is very similar.

Figure: logo.

The early ADB-X four-wheel drive system also adopted three open types: front, middle and back. Power is distributed to each one through these three, and when there is slip, the differential limit is also realized through ABS. But later, the ADB-X was also upgraded to Xdrive, just like the reason for the evolution from the first generation to the second generation, and because of its poor driving performance on the road, Xdrive was introduced in order to upgrade it.

At present, the most widely used intelligent system in China is X series, so we can see its logo from the sides of X3, X4, X5 and X6. However, there are also assembly systems on the 640d and M550d, but this model is extremely rare in China, so you don’t have to worry about it. There is also the logo of sDrive(Rear-wheeldrive), which appears on X118i and mainly expresses the meaning of rear-wheel drive. However, some people may ask, almost all of them are rear-wheel drive, why are there no such signs in the 3 series and 5 series? The manufacturer’s current explanation is that X1 is the only model with rear-wheel drive in the X family, so it is highlighted by sDrive to see the difference with the four-wheel drive models used. As a classic Roadster, Z4 uses sDrive to emphasize its rear drive, dynamics and agility. Therefore, compared with other models, X1 and Z4 want to highlight this point (the above is the official reply of BMW).

Figure: sDrive refers to the rear-drive model. Such as sDrive35i and sDrive18i I.

The first generation iDrive, which appeared in the 2001 model, became the biggest selling point of the 7 series that year. In addition to the characteristics of the times, it also interprets a brand-new, simple, safe and convenient concept of future driving.

At that time, the new 7 Series can provide about 700 functions. If all kinds of switches and function keys are arranged in the traditional way, it will not only be dazzling, but also almost impossible. The innovative solution is to divide these 700 functions into three categories: various operations related to driving, including shifting gears, are reasonably distributed around the steering wheel; Other commonly used basic functions are kept on the computer and operated by traditional switches and buttons, including car phone, air conditioning routine control, audio system routine control, etc. A large number of other functions, including communication, remote network service and some important and very practical comfort functions, are set in a highly integrated central control center. Although there were different voices in the market when it first appeared, soon, other major brands successively introduced similar control concepts.

Figure: iDrive system main page.

EfficientDynamics translated into Chinese means "efficient power", which includes many specific technologies, such as the extensive use of high-rigidity and lightweight materials and the introduction of HPI high-precision in-cylinder direct injection engine technology, ranging from diesel engines to hydrogen energy in the future, all of which belong to the category of efficient power. Nowadays, all the new models in the series are marked with engine start-stop systems, systems, and many intelligent schemes to reduce and reduce carbon dioxide.

Photo: EfficientDynamics, an efficient power that once appeared in the world.

Figure: The comprehensive use of lightweight but high-strength materials not only improves the economy, but also enhances the driving pleasure. In addition to the car body, it is also planned to design the future aluminum alloy forging into a hollow shape, and inject silicide foam into it to reduce the weight while keeping it hard.

Figure: N20B20 engine with this technology is more efficient than the previous generation 3.0-liter inline six-cylinder naturally aspirated engine.

Photo: BMWHydrogen7, a mass-produced hydrogen-powered RV, has 260Ps and a top speed of 230km/h, and can complete 0-100km/h acceleration performance in 9.5 seconds.

Except for the old models, from the smallest MINI to the largest X5, a set of automatic transmission system named STEPTRONIC is basically used. This gearbox comes from ZF, an expert, and it is also the most popular automatic transmission system in the world. Although STEPTRONIC has a manual gear shifting mode, it is actually the same as other similar gears, but it has done some tricks in computer control. In control, several electromagnetic valves are used to force the oil circuit to open or close, so as to realize manual control to change different gears, which is a far cry from the actual sense. Below the word S is the mode selection key, and there are as many as 11 shift modes.

Figure: There is still a slight difference between the S and other models, that is, the upshift is in the back and the downshift is in the front. These designs are very in line with human driving mechanics.

Figure: The simplest S work flow chart.

A year after E36 M3 was retired, the new E46M3 was born. At first, it was only equipped with the traditional six-speed gearbox, but in 2002, a set of wholeheartedly improved semi-accessories named SII was listed as an option for M3 owners. This system changed the shortcoming of slow gear shifting, and under the control of sophisticated computer management system, the gear shifting speed could reach the ultra-fast level of 0.08 seconds at the earliest. You know, an ordinary driver who has been trained in professional racing has a shift speed of only 0.3 seconds, which is several times faster than that of a professional racing driver. It can be said that it is impossible for ordinary people to use cars in ordinary streets, but it gives people this opportunity.

Figure: E46M3 profile with SII system.

Today’s car series is no longer so "simple", and its 2 series and 4 series are split from the original 1 series and 3 series. As for why the models belonging to the same car family should be "separated", the benefits of this move to the car factory are more that the positioning of coupe/convertible models can be further raised and the pricing can be improved. No matter how the car is divided, the meaning of letters and numbers will not change.

The article is provided by the author.

Shenzhen released more than 36 billion black and odorous water treatment projects in 2019. Who will spend it？

　　According to incomplete statistics of public information, China Water Network has released 10 black and odorous water projects in Shenzhen this year, involving Guangming District, Bao ‘an District, Dapeng New District and Longgang District, with a cumulative project contract price of 36.669 billion yuan. Most of these large projects are carried out in EPC mode. The statistical results also show that each project attracted 10 or 20 enterprises to participate in the bid opening. After fierce competition, most of the projects that have completed the bidding fell into the hands of state-owned assets.

　　Source: China Water Network Author: Yi Meili

　　Recently, China Water Network found that in order to achieve the goal of completely eliminating black and odorous water bodies during the year, the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in Shenzhen in 2019 has been striding forward, and a large number of large-scale projects have been released one after another, and the cost is high.

　　According to incomplete statistics of public information, China Water Network has released 10 black and odorous water treatment projects in succession this year, involving Guangming District, Baoan District, Dapeng New District and Longgang District. Most of these large projects are carried out in EPC mode, and the accumulated project contract price reaches 36.669 billion. The statistical results also show that each project attracted 10 or 20 enterprises to participate in the bid opening. After fierce competition, most of the projects that have completed the bidding fell into the hands of state-owned assets. Among them, China Power Construction has gained the most, and its subsidiaries have won three major projects, with a cumulative bid amount of 16.9 billion.

　　Next, let’s take a look at the dishes. What are these projects? Who are they going to?

　　The details of the project are as follows:

　　1. EPC project of comprehensive elimination of black and odorous water body treatment project in Guangming District

　　The EPC project of the water treatment project for completely eliminating black odor in Guangming District is divided into two projects: the service scope of Guangming Water Purification Plant, the core area of Gongming and Baihua Community. The planned total investment is 2 billion and 1.2 billion respectively, totaling 3.2 billion, of which the contract-out project of this EPC project is estimated to be 1.6 billion and 960 million.

　　The contents of the tender show that the construction contents of the two projects roughly include four parts:

　　(1) Design (including construction drawing design, design change, compilation of as-built drawings, application for construction related to design in the process of project implementation, and various special argumentation, evaluation and evaluation required by the administrative department), material and equipment procurement, soil and water conservation services, project construction, completion acceptance and project handover, etc. (2) All rainwater and sewage drainage systems in the area (including tributaries and cross flows not included in the river course list) shall be comprehensively sorted out, checked and treated to ensure the complete elimination of black and odorous water bodies; (3) Relevant work that needs to be carried out to ensure the complete elimination of black and odorous water bodies; (4) Other work that should be completed by the contractor.

　　Before the press release, the project is still in the tender.

　　2. The project of completely eliminating black and odorous water bodies in Baoan District in 2019.

　　Bao ‘an District Project is divided into Maozhouhe District, Dakonggang District and Qianhai Tieshi District, all of which are operated in EPC mode. At present, three projects have been tendered.

　　Among them, the project in Maozhouhe area is a consortium of CLP Jianshui Environmental Treatment Technology Co., Ltd.//China Dianjian (601669) Group East China Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd. The bid winner of Dakonggang Area Project is CLP Jianshui Environmental Treatment Technology Co., Ltd.//China Dianjian Group Northwest Survey, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.

　　The total bid amount of the two projects is 7.2 billion yuan. The winning bid for the comprehensive elimination of black odor in Maozhouhe area is 4.409 billion yuan, and the winning bid for the comprehensive elimination of black odor in Dakonggang area is 2.791 billion yuan.

　　The main construction tasks of the two major areas are: completely eliminating the black and odorous water bodies in the area, completing the renovation of all small and micro water bodies, culvert, culvert, xiaohutang reservoir and sewage outlet in the area, renovating key pollution sources (including garbage transfer stations, farmers’ markets, auto parts, car washing, dining street, etc.), cleaning up the original source, reforming the old pipe network, dredging and maintaining the old pipe network, and allocating water for sewage treatment plants; Complete all construction tasks such as river flood control improvement and drainage outlet regulation, reconstruction of drainage pumping station, key landscape and ecological restoration.

　　The Qianhai Tieshi area project was finally taken into the arms of China Communications Construction Corporation and China Communications First Highway Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., and the winning bid for the project was 4.669 billion yuan.

　　The announcement shows that next, according to the construction period, the three major projects will be fully started before March 25, 2019; Before October 31, 2019, the black and odorous water bodies in the area will be completely eliminated, and all small and micro water bodies, culverts, culverts, small lakes and ponds and sewage outlets in the area will be rectified, and key pollution sources (including garbage transfer stations, farmers’ markets, auto parts, car washing, catering streets, etc.) will be rectified, and construction tasks such as radical cleaning, renovation and maintenance of old pipe networks, and water allocation of sewage treatment plants will be completed; Before December 31, 2019, all construction tasks such as river flood control improvement, drainage outlet regulation, drainage pump station reconstruction, key landscape and ecological restoration will be completed.

　　3. The comprehensive elimination of black and odorous water bodies in Dapeng New District-the integration project of construction drawing design and construction of the original Qingyuan full coverage project

　　The project of completely eliminating black and odorous water bodies in Dapeng New District is divided into three sections with a total investment of 1.5 billion yuan. The bidding contents include construction drawing design, rain and sewage diversion reconstruction of buildings, municipal rain and sewage confluence pipe network reconstruction, upgrading of sewage treatment facilities, sewage outfall renovation, waterlogging renovation, small and micro water bodies renovation, road damage and restoration, traffic relief and other projects.

　　According to the announcement of the candidate winning the bid released at present, the consortium of Shenzhen Futian Jian ‘an Construction Group Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Urban Construction Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. ranks first in the bid section I, with a planned total investment of 500 million yuan and a project contract price of 150 million yuan.

　　The bid winner of the second bid is a consortium of Shenzhen Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Liyuan Water Design Consulting Co., Ltd., with a planned investment of 500 million yuan, a contract price of 150 million yuan and a bid price of 121,773,200 yuan.

　　The bid winner of Bid Ⅲ is a consortium of Shenzhen Jiahong Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and China Huaxi Engineering Design and Construction Co., Ltd., with the planned investment of 500 million yuan, the project contract price of 150 million yuan and the final bid price of 118,983,200 yuan.

　　4. Black odor elimination and river water quality guarantee project in Longgang River Basin, Guanlan River Basin and Shenzhen River Basin in Longgang District in 2019.

　　This project is the largest black odor water treatment project released in Shenzhen this year, including the black odor elimination and river water quality guarantee project in Longgang River Basin and Guanlan River Basin in Longgang District in 2019 and the black odor elimination and river water quality guarantee project in Shenzhen River Basin in Longgang District in 2019. The former is planned to invest a total of 17,589 million yuan, with a total contract price of 11.68 billion yuan, while the latter is summarized as 4.467 billion yuan.

　　According to the announcement issued by China Power Construction Company on January 24th, CLP Jianshui Environmental Treatment Technology Co., Ltd. won the bid for the project of eliminating black odor and ensuring river water quality in Longgang River Basin and Guanlan River Basin in Longgang District in 2019, with a bid amount of about 9.731 billion yuan and a total project duration of 334 days.

　　It is understood that the project of eliminating black odor and ensuring river water quality in Longgang River Basin and Guanlan River Basin covers an area of about 150 square kilometers, with a total of 8 streets. In this project, the Longgang River and Guanlan River are comprehensively sorted out and systematically managed from six aspects, namely, the transformation of land distribution, the restoration and improvement of municipal pipe network, the remediation of black and odorous water bodies, the prevention and control of non-point source pollution, river water replenishment, water safety and water ecology, so as to realize the full coverage of all communities and villages in the city and the full coverage of sewage pipe networks in all built-up areas.

　　On February 11th, Tianjian Group (000090)(000090.SZ) announced that Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, won the black odor elimination and river water quality guarantee project in Shenzhen River Basin of Longgang District in 2019. The contracted amount of the project is about RMB 3.61 billion.

　　A few days ago, The Paper reported that Shenzhen’s GDP reached 2,422.198 billion yuan, surpassing Hong Kong for the first time and becoming the first city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s economic aggregate. The strong economic strength has undoubtedly provided a solid foundation for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in Shenzhen. According to the plan to completely eliminate black and odorous water bodies by the end of 2019, this tough battle has already started. What is the result? After one year, it may be known, and China Water Network will continue to pay attention to it.

　　For the topic of water environmental governance that has attracted much attention, in the "2018 (17th) Water Industry Strategy Forum" to be held on March 22-23, industry experts and representative enterprises will be invited to hold special discussions, so please pay attention. For the preliminary agenda of the forum and online registration, please click "Read the original" at the end of the article.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: E20 Water Network Solid Waste Network. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

(Editor: HN666)

Shanghai BMW i4 price reduction news! The lowest price is 319,400, and the quantity is limited.

[car home Shanghai Preferential Promotion Channel] Exciting good news! A grand preferential activity is being held in Shanghai, which has brought tangible car purchase benefits to car buyers. It is understood that the current maximum discount amount reaches an astonishing 150,000 yuan, which undoubtedly provides a rare opportunity for consumers who are eager to own this luxury electric car to reduce prices. The starting price has been adjusted to 319,400 yuan. It’s time to seize the opportunity of price reduction and click "Check the car price" in the quotation form, so as to get higher discount in the process of car purchase and realize your car dream.

上海宝马i4降价消息！最低售价31.94万，数量有限

As an innovative electric car, BMW i4 shows the forward-looking design concept of BMW brand for future travel. Its front face design is full of science and technology, and the iconic kidney grille has been digitally innovated, incorporating the unique elements of electric vehicles, which not only retains BMW’s classic design language, but also gives it a brand-new modern interpretation. The overall style is elegant and dynamic, the lines are smooth, and the proportion of the body is coordinated, which shows BMW’s pursuit of high performance and sustainability.

上海宝马i4降价消息！最低售价31.94万，数量有限

The body lines of BMW i4 are smooth and dynamic, which elegantly shows its modern and luxurious design concept. The body size is 4785mm x 1852mm x 1455mm, and the wheelbase is as long as 2856mm, which makes the interior space spacious and comfortable, and the front and rear wheel tracks are 1601mm and 1630mm respectively, ensuring excellent driving stability. In tyre size, the front wheels are equipped with 245/45 R18 tires, while the rear wheels are equipped with 255/45 R18 tires, which further improves the handling performance and driving feel. The overall design not only pays attention to function, but also gives consideration to aesthetics and practicality. It is an electric luxury car that shows personality and sense of science and technology.

上海宝马i4降价消息！最低售价31.94万，数量有限

The interior design of BMW i4 inherits BMW’s consistent sense of luxury and technology, and uses exquisite lines and elegant colors to create a driving space with a sense of modernity and futurity. The steering wheel is made of genuine leather, and it feels delicate. It is equipped with manual up and down+front and rear adjustment function to ensure the comfort of the driver. The 14.9-inch central control screen stands on the instrument panel, clearly displaying multimedia information, navigation and vehicle settings, and equipped with advanced voice recognition control system, which is convenient and intelligent to operate. For the seat part, BMW i4 provides a variety of material choices, such as imitation leather, genuine leather and leather /Alcantara mix and match. The seat cushion is wide and supports multi-directional adjustment, including front and rear, backrest, height, leg rest and waist support, to ensure a comfortable riding experience for passengers. The front seats are also equipped with heating function and electric memory function to meet the individual needs of drivers. In addition, the vehicle is equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces, including convenient interfaces in the front and rear rows, and wireless charging function of mobile phones, which fully meets the needs of passengers’ electronic equipment.

上海宝马i4降价消息！最低售价31.94万，数量有限

The BMW i4 is equipped with a powerful engine, which can output the maximum power of 210kW and the peak torque of 400 Nm, ensuring excellent performance and driving pleasure.

Generally speaking, BMW i4 has undoubtedly set a new benchmark for luxury electric vehicles with its excellent sound insulation effect, powerful dynamic performance, king appearance and volcanic red interior design praised by the owners. It is not lost to the interior craftsmanship of Mercedes-Benz, providing drivers with a unique luxury experience. No matter in daily commuting or long-distance travel, you can feel the comfort and passion brought by i4, so that every owner can enjoy driving.

Scientifically grasp the attributes of emerging Internet platforms.

　　The new generation of network information technologies such as Internet, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence are booming, and a number of emerging Internet platform enterprises are growing rapidly, which has profoundly changed the production and lifestyle in various fields of economy and society. The platform has increasingly become an important organizational model in the digital economy era, and its attributes are directly related to the governance rules and responsibilities of the platform, as well as the policy orientation of government supervision. A profound analysis of the attributes and characteristics of emerging Internet platforms is of great practical significance for implementing the requirements of inclusive and prudent supervision and building a new regulatory framework that adapts to the development of platform economy.

　　How to understand the emerging Internet platform

　　Driven by the new generation of information technology, all kinds of new services and applications are developing vigorously, and the platform organization mode is adopted to attract different user groups to settle in the platform, and by providing information services, the interaction or transaction between various users is promoted. It can be said that the emerging Internet platform is the organizer and important carrier of online market transactions.

　　On the one hand, the emerging Internet platform is a market organization that mediates and links multiple groups to promote their interaction. Their common feature is to provide physical or virtual places for the interaction between different customer groups, provide intermediary services and maintain the order of the platform. Internet has broken the geographical and time-space restrictions, and enterprises can integrate multi-party resources on a global scale by building various innovative business application platforms. These emerging Internet platforms, as a new market organization, reduce the transaction cost between customers and maintain the order of transactions within the platform by setting up platform rules.

　　On the other hand, emerging Internet platforms are online licensed platforms that provide information services or content services based on data and algorithms. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately match the cross-regional supply and demand information, the emerging Internet platform technically collects various data such as subject information, product or service information, user comment information, etc., and provides search, bidding, scheduling, payment, credit and other services with the help of software algorithms to match the supply and demand sides, improve transaction efficiency, and also need to obtain permission from relevant regulatory authorities.

　　We should also see that the emerging Internet platform is gradually becoming a key link in the digital economy ecosystem. With the help of the advantages of network economy and relying on its advantages in the core business market, emerging Internet platforms penetrate into other fields, and finally build a digital economy ecological chain based on their respective core businesses. In the eco-chain, by publishing platform rules, platform enterprises clearly define subject access, behavior norms, content review, service quality, user protection, dispute resolution, illegal information prevention, etc., and set up corresponding incentive and restraint measures such as user evaluation and credit system. In fact, relying on the advantages of technology, computing, data and user scale, the emerging Internet platform has become the maker of platform operation rules, the maintainer of platform operation order and the carrier of platform digital ecosystem.

　　How to Understand the "Facilities" Attribute of Emerging Internet Platforms

　　With the increasing scale of users, market share and influence of emerging Internet platforms, some people think that emerging Internet platforms have become infrastructure or public utilities, others think that they are key information infrastructure, and others think that they are necessary facilities. The key to these different views is that the basic concepts of different "facilities" have not been clarified.

　　Emerging Internet platforms are different from traditional infrastructure or utilities. Traditionally, infrastructure or public utilities usually refer to physical facilities, assets and networks, such as power grids, oil and gas pipelines, etc., and also include new infrastructure such as industrial Internet and Internet of Things. These physical facilities have high replication costs and low substitutability. The emerging Internet platforms are mostly composed of remote server clusters or data centers, application program interfaces (API) for third-party merchants, application programs (APP) for user terminals or websites, which have the characteristics of light asset scale, rapid business change and many alternative products. Its key assets are big data resources and algorithm libraries, and its competitive advantages come from technological innovation, network effects and economies of scale. Therefore, they are quite different from each other in terms of business access, competitiveness, market barriers, economic and social influence and supervision orientation.

　　Whether emerging Internet platforms can be included in the scope of key information infrastructure remains to be clarified by national laws and regulations. Critical information infrastructure refers to network facilities or information systems that may seriously endanger national security, national economy and people’s livelihood and public interests once they are destroyed or lose their functions and data are leaked. At present, the scale of large-scale platform users in China is generally above 100 million, and the business volume and income reach more than several trillion yuan. Once it is destroyed, it will affect a wide range. At present, to bring emerging Internet platforms into the scope of key information infrastructure, it needs to be formally defined by relevant national legislation, and it needs to be considered from the perspectives of network security and data security.

　　Whether the emerging Internet platform is a necessary facility needs to be defined according to its commercial behavior and market competition conditions. Necessary facilities is a term in the field of anti-monopoly, which is closely related to monopoly position and market competition. The principle of necessary facilities derived from this means that monopoly enterprises with necessary facilities have the obligation to open their facilities for the use of third parties, including competitors. In practice, the identification of necessary facilities must meet a series of conditions, such as the necessity and feasibility of providing facilities access, the reproducibility of facilities, and the rationality of refusing to open. Whether the emerging Internet platform has a large number of users and participates in the competition on a global scale constitutes a necessary facility in the sense of anti-monopoly still needs to be judged in accordance with the anti-monopoly law and the competition constraints of its related markets, and it cannot be easily determined that it is a necessary facility.

　　How to supervise emerging Internet platforms and their competitive behaviors?

　　Compared with ordinary market competitors, emerging Internet platform enterprises need to bear corresponding responsibilities and obligations no matter what facilities they are identified as. In this regard, the regulatory authorities can adopt relevant strategies to promote healthy competition in the platform market and maintain fair competition market order.

　　First, scientifically define the boundary and scope of "facilities". At present, the society generally has mixed concepts and misunderstandings about whether the emerging Internet platform belongs to infrastructure or necessary facilities. In this regard, we should first scientifically define the connotation and extension of infrastructure or necessary facilities, as well as their scope and boundaries, and avoid the definition of infrastructure being too wide and too broad. For emerging Internet platforms, we should scientifically define and identify their specific categories according to national laws and regulations, combined with the technical and economic characteristics and identification standards of these Internet platforms.

　　The second is to play the role of the market and strengthen platform self-discipline. The Internet platform market presents a high degree of dynamic competitiveness, with a series of characteristics such as cross-border competition, subversive innovation, and multi-user ownership, which has strong constraints on the business behavior and governance rules of the Internet platform. We should fully respect the business rules and competitive logic of the Internet platform market, and realize that demand-side network effect and supply-side economies of scale will not only drive the market to present a winner-takes-all situation, but also stimulate potential competitors to focus on market segments and participate in market competition through technological innovation, network effect and service improvement. We should ensure the normal functioning of the market mechanism, reasonably define the responsibilities of platform enterprises, and provide self-discipline constraints for Internet platform enterprises.

　　The third is to innovate the anti-monopoly policy of emerging Internet platforms. The original intention of the anti-monopoly policy is to protect fair competition in the market. Monopoly status itself is not illegal, but monopolistic behavior is illegal. When the market share of traditional market or infrastructure industry is highly concentrated, anti-monopoly institutions should be vigilant when enterprises adopt behaviors such as pricing below cost, bundling, market blockade, vertical restraint and discriminatory pricing. In contrast, when Internet platform enterprises adopt the above business strategies, in some cases, they will improve the efficiency of resource allocation and enhance the welfare of consumers. However, the international community has begun to pay close attention to their merger and acquisition of start-ups and then exclude potential competition. Therefore, we should follow the principle of reasonable inference, dialectically treat the commercial behavior and competitive strategy of the Internet platform, encourage benign fair competition, and promptly investigate and deal with the behavior of restricting or crowding out competition on the platform.

　　Fourth, it is necessary to be cautious in supervising emerging Internet platforms. Considering that the platform economy, as a new thing, is still in the stage of rapid growth, we should adhere to the concepts of tolerance and prudence, neutral supervision and mild supervision, balance the relationship between supervision and innovation, innovate the traditional supervision framework in time, and create access rules in line with its operating characteristics. We should combine the characteristics of the bilateral market of the Internet market, dynamic innovation, platform competition, technological change and the costs and benefits of government supervision, constantly enrich the technologies and means of supervision and governance, innovate the collaborative governance mechanism with platform enterprises, and build a new type of supervision and governance system that adapts to the development characteristics of platform economy, participates in many parties and is compatible with incentives. (Ma Yuan, Chloe Wang, Institute of Market and Price, China Macroeconomic Research Institute, Enterprise Research Institute, the State Council Development Research Center)

Review of hot new cars listed in July with ignition at the beginning of half a year

　　　　[XCAR New Car Review Original]

　　　　In this hot summer, the domestic auto market is also agitated, and the enthusiasm continues unabated. Looking back on the past July, new products were put on the market in all market segments. Nearly 30 new cars listed in July include FAW-Volkswagen brand-new Magotan, SAIC Roewe RX5, GAC Acura CDX, SAIC-GM Chevrolet brand-new Cruze, FAW Toyota RAV4 Rongfang and Dongfeng Nissan brand-new Teana. In the following article, we will review a number of popular models listed in July, hoping to help you buy cars in the future.

Review of new cars listed in July

　　　　FAW-Volkswagen brand-new Magotan

　　　　Price range: 189,900-316,900 yuan

　　　　Time to market: July 27th.

　　　　New car comments: Compared with the current models, the new Magotan based on Passat B8 has been fully upgraded from the inside out. More fashionable styling, extended wheelbase and powerful technology configuration once again let us set our sights on the brand-new Magotan. It can be said that the brand-new Magotan has enough strength to become a new benchmark in the same level market both from the product itself and the brand perspective, and can the brand-new Magotan reach a new level on the basis of good sales in the past? We will wait and see.

　　　　On July 27th, 2016, the highly anticipated brand-new Magotan of FAW-Volkswagen was officially launched. It is reported that the new Magotan has launched a total of 9 models based on the difference of configuration on the basis of 1.4TSI, 1.8TSI and 2.0TSI engines respectively.The price range is 189,900-316,900 yuan.. In addition, the new Magotan also launched as many as 10 optional packages with different configurations for consumers to choose from. The specific price is as follows:

FAW-Volkswagen brand-new Magotan listing conference

　　　　Modeling is younger and more fashionable.

　　　　Based on Volkswagen’s new MQB/B platform, FAW-Volkswagen’s new Magotan basically continues the design language of the overseas version of Passat B8 in terms of styling design. Compared with the current models, the styling design of the new Magotan is undoubtedly younger and more fashionable. The new car adopts Volkswagen’s latest family-style front face design, and the front grille is integrated with the sharp headlight group, which not only stretches the horizontal visual width, but also makes it look more stable as a whole.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　When coming to the side of the car body, the sharp waistline of the car body extends from the front fender to the rear taillights. Although the shape of the rear end still has some shadow of the current Magotan, the taillights with full LED light source will show better display effect when they are lit at night, and the sporty atmosphere at the rear of the car will be further strengthened by cooperating with the flat exhaust of two sides.

　　　　The interior design is simple and atmospheric/equipped with a 12.3-inch digital LCD instrument panel.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　The interior design of the new Magotan adopts more straight lines, and the simple design style still brings us a familiar business atmosphere. It is worth mentioning that the new Magotan has improved to a certain extent in terms of interior materials compared with the previous generation models. The center console has adopted a large-area wooden decorative board, and the air conditioning outlet is also integrated into the chrome-plated decorative strip.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　As the biggest highlight of the interior, the top model is equipped with a 12.3-inch digital LCD instrument panel, which integrates various information functions such as speed, speed, navigation and entertainment, and the display effect is excellent. In addition, the new Magotan is equipped with an 8-inch touch screen using the latest MIB car entertainment system, which can support both Apple CarPlay and Android Mirror-Link functions.

　　　　The wheelbase is greatly improved/the technology configuration is outstanding.

　　　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new Magotan are 4866*1832*1464mm respectively. Compared with the old models, the length and width are increased by 1mm and 12mm respectively, while the height is reduced by 111mm.. The wheelbase is 2871mm, which is 59mm more than the current model. The overall improvement of the body size has also brought more spacious seating space for the rear passengers.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　Overall, the performance of the new Magotan in terms of configuration can be described as very strong. The new car is fully equipped with body stability system, tire pressure monitoring system, air purification system, collision warning system, exterior rearview mirror heating, full LED taillights, rear air outlet, 8-probe parking radar and car Bluetooth system.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　Including 12.3-inch digital LCD instrument panel full LED headlights, AFS curve auxiliary lighting system, third-generation ACC adaptive cruise system, third-generation PLA parking auxiliary system, 360-degree panoramic camera, second-generation DCC dynamic chassis control system, electric trunk lid, HUD head-up display system and 12-speaker Dana audio are all assembled on its top model.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　In addition, the new Magotan will provide 10 optional packages according to different models for users to choose from. This optional package includes 18-inch wheels, rear seat heating, sunshade, panoramic sunroof, 360-degree panoramic camera and Dana audio. In addition, the 12.3-inch digital LCD instrument panel equipped with the top model can also be installed in the distinguished model.

　　　　Equipped with the third generation EA888 series engine.

　　　　In terms of power system, the new Magotan is equipped with EA211 series 1.4TSI engine and the third generation EA888 series 1.8TSI engine and 2.0TSI engine respectively. The maximum output power of 1.4TSI engine is 110kw(150Ps) and the peak torque is 250Nm. The maximum output power of 1.8TSI engine is 132kW(180Ps) and the peak torque is 300Nm. The 2.0TSI engine has a maximum output of 162kW(220Ps) and a peak torque of 350Nm.

FAW-Volkswagen 2017 Magotan

　　　　In the transmission part, the 7-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox with model DQ200 is matched with the 1.4TSI engine, and the 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox with model DQ380 is matched with the 1.8TSI and 2.0TSI engines. In addition, the electronic handbrake +Auto Hold automatic parking, engine start/stop system and energy recovery system are all equipped on the new Magotan model.

　　Dongfeng Citroen brand new C4L

　　Price range: 134,900-182,900 yuan

　　Time to market: July 29th.

　　New car comments: Dongfeng Citroenbrand-newC4L has adopted a new family-style design style, which is more stable and caters to popular aesthetics. The newly added configuration improves the comfort and active safety of the interior, creates new selling points and enhances competitiveness.

　　It was learned from the official that Dongfeng Citroen’s new C4L was officially launched. The new car adopted Citroen’s latest family-style front face design, and the power will be equipped with 1.2T and 1.6T engines. The original 1.8L displacement was cancelled. The new car will be officially sold at various dealer outlets of Dongfeng Citroen nationwide from July 29th.The price range is13.49-18.29 million yuan, the specific model price is shown in the following table: