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Suddenly burst into fire! The nightlife of young people in Hangzhou is so interesting.

Working during the day and attending classes at night has become a fashionable nightlife for young people in Hangzhou. Recently, from Shanghai to Hangzhou, a large number of young people choose to go to night schools after work. What courses are there in these night schools? How did you sign up? Let’s get to know each other!

Shake the number to generate admission places

Since September this year, Zhejiang Cultural Center has opened a series of autumn public welfare courses of "Beautifying Literature and Art" National Art School, which is located in Zhejiang Cultural Center of West Lake Cultural Square.

In addition to the most popular beauty class, there are 69 courses such as cello, violin, Latin dance, ballet, Hangzhou dialect popularization, sorting and storage, calligraphy, Chinese painting, Beijing opera, photography and buckle skills, all of which are trained by special teachers.

All these courses are free for public welfare, and most of them have 8 classes, once a week. The most popular classes that need to be rushed are mainly concentrated in the prime time from 7: 00 to 8: 30 every night, so they are called "night classes" by many people.

Once the night school was opened, it became a hot cake, and the registration was particularly hot. At present, these public welfare courses are registered through the "Zheli Cultural Circle" applet, and the admission results are generated by random lottery.

According to the registration page of "Zheli Cultural Circle", only 30 places enrolled in the beauty class flooded into 1700 people, with an admission ratio of 56: 1. Most of the people who come to night school are young people born after 90.

However, just recently, the Provincial Cultural Center issued a "missing" strategy-if there are students taking time off, the staff will make statistics in advance and publicly release the vacant places as experience class places. Citizens who have not shaken the number can pay attention to the "Little Front Desk of the Cultural Center" account in time or call the official hotline 0571-87083278 for consultation and registration!

On the evening of November 4th, the students walked into the "night school" in Zhejiang Cultural Center.

These courses are the most popular

Huang Ying, the teacher of the beauty class, is a national senior makeup artist and beautician. She has a full schedule during the day, but she also cherishes the one-and-a-half-hour evening class every week. She also feels relaxed and happy to see so many young people on time for appointments every week.

The violin class is in the classroom next to the beauty class. Violin and other musical instruments are provided to the students for free. Many people will ask for detention after class, just to practice more.

The class is over at 8: 30 in the evening, and many students will be around the teacher, hoping to help. The teacher is also very patient and willing to accompany the students to "drag the class".

Popular courses that are highly sought after, as well as the "sorting and receiving class" on Friday afternoon. Zhang Ying, a teacher, is a professional organizer, which is also a new profession in recent years. In every class, she has to repeatedly emphasize the essence of reception with the students, that is, to balance the relationship among people, things and space. In other words, it is not easy to tidy up the house, which should be clean and tidy as well as scientific and reasonable.

On weekdays, the "night school" is full of popularity, and on weekends, the Zhejiang Cultural Center is more lively.

For example, the "Hangzhou dialect popularization class" every Saturday night is a newly added course this fall. The teacher is Gao Renfei, a post-95 boy. Over the years, as a linguistics major, he has been devoted to exploring and studying Hangzhou dialect in a systematic way.

From theory to practice, Gao Renfei taught everyone the basic intonation of Hangzhou dialect in an easy-to-understand way in class. The students are from all over the world-Beijing, Chengdu, Sichuan, Yantai, Shandong, Quzhou, Zhejiang, Yichun, Jiangxi and other places, and even "foreign students" from the United States, Zambia and Russia.

At the end of this year, Zhejiang Cultural Center will hold a series of performances of "Beautifying Literature and Art", and outstanding students will have the opportunity to perform on stage. And those relatively static courses, such as buckle, embroidery, calligraphy, painting, etc., also have the opportunity to exhibit excellent works.

Someone took the high-speed train to Hangzhou to attend classes.

In fact, a hard-to-find public welfare course has actually been available since 2014. The Zhejiang Cultural Center conducts public welfare course training every spring, summer and autumn to recruit students from the society. Only in the past, most of the people who came to participate in this kind of training were older citizens and teenagers.

This year, things have changed Working during the day and attending classes at night, these courses attract more and more office workers and young people. There are even young people in Jiaxing and Huzhou who are willing to take the high-speed train to class after work every week.

Violin class

Latin dance class

Zumba aerobic dance ban

Students in Beijing Opera class practice their vocalization by biting chopsticks.

Netizen commented that this is a children’s palace for adults, and the sense of relaxation in class can be used to iron out the folds of life.

Here, at first, no one knew anyone, but because of the same interests, these people who came from all over the city got together on a fixed night every week and spent a special "night school" time. In the beauty class, the only male student volunteered to be the monitor of the beauty class, and some students said that their social fears for many years would be cured.

Night school is also the memory of a generation in Hangzhou.

The word "night school" is actually very chronological. In the 1980s and 1990s, it was all the rage in China, including Hangzhou.

This is a memory that belongs to a generation. In the early days of reform and opening-up, it was difficult to get into universities. Some young people who are already employed and eager to continue their studies will join TV University, Night University and Correspondence University after work to continue their studies.

Youth night school in the 1980s

Different from the "night school" courses which mainly focus on literary interests, the night school was mainly about teaching subjects, such as junior high school, junior high school and junior college, and some courses to upgrade professional skills, such as electrician knowledge, electronic technology, mechanical drawing, mold design, etc., all of which had corresponding graduation exams and formal diplomas. Generally, some classrooms in primary and secondary schools are borrowed to attend classes, just like going back to campus again, and everyone’s enthusiasm for going to night school is very high.

Did you go to "night school"?

Are you interested in such "night school" classes?

If given the chance, which course would you like to study most?

Welcome to the comment area to leave a message for interaction.

Information/Orange Persimmon Interactive City Express, Provincial Cultural Center

Photography/Chen Zhongqiu

Original title: "Sudden fire! The nightlife of young people in Hangzhou is too rich.

Lei Yi’s reconstruction and expansion project department will not "close" during the New Year holiday.

New Hunan Client December 31st (correspondent Zhong Jufen, Liu Yi, Cao Wenjuan) Recently, leishui Bridge, the first starting point of the reconstruction and expansion project of G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, began to carry out pile foundation drilling, marking a new breakthrough in the construction of leishui Bridge and officially entering the main project construction stage. Lei Yi’s reconstruction and expansion project department does not "close" during the New Year holiday, and each bid section strives to advance various preparatory work and make a final sprint for the large-scale construction of the whole line in 2024.
During New Year’s Day, the construction site of leishui Bridge was busy. Leishui Bridge is one of the key control projects of Lei Yi’s reconstruction and expansion project. In order to ensure the orderly progress of the project construction according to the node plan, the project department will not stop production during the New Year holiday, and all the managers and workers will stick to their posts, striving for high efficiency, first progress, superior quality and safety first, which will provide a strong guarantee for the full start of the main bridge in 2024.
Leishui bridge construction site.
Leishui bridge construction site.
Except for leishui Bridge, the construction sites of other blocks are also in full swing. The year of 2024 is a great year for the reconstruction and expansion of Leiyi. Each bid section actively promotes all preparatory work before the comprehensive construction to ensure the smooth progress of the first "four to eight" expressway project in Hunan. In the third bid of Leiyi Project, the construction of concrete mixing station and steel bar processing plant has entered the final stage, and workers are debugging the equipment and conducting trial production; In the fourth bid of Leiyi Project, excavators, bulldozers and loaders roared at the construction site of the comprehensive station, and the project department seized the fine weather, increased manpower and material resources, and strived to advance the project progress.
Comprehensive station construction site.
Comprehensive station construction site.
Leiyi reconstruction and expansion project is the first "four to eight" expressway construction project in Hunan Province. After the project is completed and opened to traffic, it will greatly relieve the traffic pressure of G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, which is of great significance to improving Hunan’s external traffic conditions and promoting social and economic development.
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The film "Angry Tide" faces the overseas criminal industry chain directly.

Original title: The movie "Angry Tide" faces the overseas criminal industry chain directly.
Beijing Daily News (Reporter Yuan Yuner) Confronted with the issue of overseas criminal industrial chain, it triggered public thinking about social reality and personal safety issues. Recently, the film Angry Tide held its premiere in Beijing. This film is the first work of the actor Ma Yuke, and it shows the complexity and dark side of human nature in a unique way.
Angry Tide is based on real events. The criminal interest chain in the film involves nearly 2,000 victims, including kidnapping, human trafficking, organ trading, drug manufacturing and trafficking, and many other crimes, which is shocking. In order to defend justice, the police in the film fought fiercely with criminals at all costs, showing their firm belief and fearless courage. Nick Cheung plays a cold-blooded killer who revenges his sister. His violent behavior stirs up many forces and makes the fate of the characters and the direction of the story full of suspense.
At the premiere, starring Ehan Juan revealed that before the filming, director Ma Yuke arranged for all the actors to participate in professional martial arts training. There is a fighting scene between Nick Cheung and Ehan Juan in the film, which is extremely difficult to shoot. They are very involved in it, and he is satisfied with the final result. The film will be released today.
Source: Beijing Daily
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What do you know about the amazing "World Heritage" in China?

  BEIJING, Beijing, July 4 (Shangguan Yun) According to media reports, from July 2 to 12, the World Heritage Conference will be held in Poland, and Hoh Xil in Qinghai and Gulangyu in Fujian will sprint the world natural heritage and cultural heritage respectively. Previously, the total number of world heritages in China has reached 50, including natural heritage and cultural landscape, which are either magnificent or profound. So, how many of these 50 amazing world heritages do you know?

  In 1977, the World Heritage Committee held its first general meeting in Paris, France. On December 12th, 1985, China acceded to the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. In 1987, China’s Great Wall, Mogao Grottoes, Ming and Qing palaces, Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit, and Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site were also included in the World Heritage List.

  Needless to say, the Mogao Grottoes are also known as the Thousand-Buddha Cave in the above-mentioned list of China’s first batch of World Heritage sites. It is said that it was built in the pre-Qin period, with 735 caves and 45,000 square meters of murals, which makes visitors who have seen the real thing amazed. Shu Lang’s "flying" is a business card of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes; The grandeur of the Great Wall has also left a strong mark on the world heritage.

  Ancient cities and villages are also places worth visiting among these 50 world heritages. Like Pingyao Ancient City, it is located in Pingyao County in the middle of Shanxi Province, and was built in the period of Western Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC). Pingyao, Shanxi Province is known as one of the "four best preserved ancient cities". The residential buildings in the ancient city have strict layout, clear axis, exquisite wood carving, brick carving and stone carving with strong local flavor and paper-cut window grilles, which are vivid and lifelike.

  The completion of Dujiangyan has made the Chengdu Plain "flood and drought come from people, I don’t know hunger, there is no famine, and the world is called abundance". This is a description of Dujiangyan in Historical Records, from which we can see the importance of this ancient water conservancy project. At the 24th General Assembly of the United Nations World Heritage Committee in 2000, "Qingcheng Mountain — Dujiangyan is listed in the World Heritage List.

  Dujiangyan was built in the 3rd century BC. It was a large-scale water conservancy project built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County of Qin State, and his sons during the Warring States Period. It is the oldest and only preserved water conservancy project in the world, characterized by water diversion without dams. For more than 2,200 years, it still plays a great role, and is called "the great masterpiece of the civilized world".

  Shennongjia, a world natural heritage in Hubei, shows us another landscape. In many people’s minds, Shennongjia is famous for the legend of "Shennong teaches people to cultivate crops and taste a hundred herbs", and the Shennong altar is still preserved in the scenic spot. It is reported that there are 3767 species of vascular plants in Shennongjia Heritage Site, more than 600 species of vertebrates have been recorded, and 4365 species of insects have been found. Among them, there are 205 endemic species, 2 endemic genera and 1793 endemic species in China, and the number of the flagship species Shennongjia golden monkey is more than 1300.

  Why can Shennongjia be selected as a World Heritage Site? The World Heritage Committee gave the answer: Shennongjia, Hubei Province is unique in the world in terms of biodiversity, zonal vegetation types, vertical natural belt spectrum, ecology and biological processes. In particular, its biodiversity makes up for the blank in the world heritage list.

  Yin Ruins and Fujian Tulou … … It is possible that there will be more and more world heritage sites in China in the future. In fact, whether it is natural landscape or cultural heritage, when they are selected into the World Heritage, it does not mean that they will be protected and utilized once and for all, but on the basis of the original, so that these precious heritages can exist forever with a beautiful attitude. (End)

  Appendix: World Heritage of China (from official website, State Administration of Cultural Heritage, until July 3, 2017)

   Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties (Beijing Forbidden City, Shenyang Forbidden City)

   Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit

   Mogao Grottoes

   Mount Tai

   Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site

   the Great Wall

   Mount Huangshan

   huanglong scenic and historic interest area

   Jiuzhaigou scenic spot

   wulingyuen scenik and historik interest area

   ancient building complex in the wu dang mountains

   historic ensemble of the potala palace, lhasa

   Chengde summer resort and its surrounding temples

   Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and Confucius House in Qufu

   Lushan national park

   Emei Mountain — Leshan Giant Buddha

   Ancient City of Pingyao

   The Classical Gardens of Suzhou

   Old Town of Lijiang

   Beijing Royal Garden-Summer Palace

   Beijing Royal Altar — Temple of Heaven

   Dazu rock carvings

   Mount Wuyi

   Ancient villages in southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun (2000)

   imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties

   Longmen Grottos

   Qingcheng Mountain — Dujiangyan irrigation system

   Yunnan Sanjiang Parallel Nature Reserve

   capital cities and tombs of the ancient koguryo kingdom

   Historic Centre of Macau

   Sichuan giant panda habitat

   Yin ruins

   Kaiping Diaolou and Village

   Karst in southern China

   the Hakka earth buildings of Fujian

   Sanqingshan National Park

   Mount Wutai

   china danxia landform

   Dengfeng "in heaven and earth" historical site

   Hangzhou West Lake Cultural Landscape

   Chengjiang fossil site

   the site of xanadu

   Cultural Landscape of Hani Terrace in Honghe

   Tianshan mountain, Xinjiang

   Silk Road: The Road Network of Chang ‘an-Tianshan Corridor

   Grand Canal

   Tusi site

   Yungang Grottoes

   Zuojiang Huashan Rock Painting

   Shennongjia

Donghu comment: Life is not just "brushing your mobile phone"

Recently, Zhang Chaoyang’s remarks about mobile phones have sparked heated discussions. When interacting with the students of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, he talked about a thought-provoking question: Why can’t we passively brush our mobile phones for a long time? In this regard, Zhang Chaoyang gave his own answer: passively brushing the mobile phone is killing time and delaying. If you don’t think and ask questions, time will be wasted and people may become numb.
Mobile phone, a highly popular technology product, has become an indispensable part of everyone’s life. It provides endless information and resources, which can be studied and explored anytime and anywhere. Whether reading books online, watching educational videos or learning the latest information through social media, mobile phones can provide unprecedented convenience and become a fountain of learning knowledge. However, as Zhang Chaoyang emphasized, if you indulge in the habit of passively brushing your mobile phone for a long time, it may become a shackle that binds people’s thinking and development.
Over-reliance on mobile phones can lead to distraction. In the process of swiping mobile phones, people often switch applications and browse different pages. This fast switching attention mode will weaken their concentration and deep thinking ability, especially when they need to concentrate on completing a task, the existence of mobile phones will often become an interference factor, making it difficult for them to stay focused.
Excessive reliance on mobile phones will affect social interaction. Mobile phones can keep in touch with others anytime and anywhere, but at the same time they may rely too much on virtual social interaction. In real life, face-to-face communication and interaction is an important way to establish deep interpersonal relationships, and excessive use of mobile phones may reduce social activities in real life, thus affecting interpersonal relationships.
Excessive reliance on mobile phones may also have a negative impact on physical and mental health. Bowing your head and brushing your mobile phone for a long time will put pressure on cervical vertebrae and eyes, and may even lead to problems such as cervical spondylosis and myopia. In addition, excessive use of mobile phones may also lead to health problems such as decreased sleep quality and increased psychological stress.
Therefore, we should be aware of the dangers of over-reliance on mobile phones, reasonably control the time of using mobile phones, and maintain a healthy lifestyle. At the same time, we should actively seek other beneficial activities, such as reading, sports and socializing, so as to enrich our life experience and improve our own quality.
Source: Jingchu. com (Hubei Daily)
Author: Shen Dudu (Wufeng, Yichang)
Editor: Ding Chufeng
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French armour

At 20 o’clock on the evening of October 29th, Beijing time, in the 10th round of Ligue 1 in the 2023-24 season, Paris Saint-Germain challenged brest away. In the first half, 17-year-old Zaire emeri broke the deadlock with a long-range shot, and then Li Gangren assisted Mbappé to expand the score and Mounie pulled back a goal; In the second half, brest equalized the score with a corner kick, and Mbappé finished the winner with a penalty in the 89th minute. In the end, Paris Saint-Germain beat brest 3-2 and rose to the second place in the standings.

In the 3rd minute, Paris broke into the opponent’s restricted area. Li Gangren’s shot was blocked by goalkeeper Bizot, and then his teammate’s supplementary shot was confiscated by Bizot. In the 6th minute, emeri received a return volley from his right foot at the top of the arc, and Bizot saved the ball with his fists. In the 13th minute, Donaruma passed the ball from the backcourt directly to the opponent, but the cross from the brest player directly crossed the bottom line.

In the 16th minute, emeri received a cross from his teammates in front of the penalty area. He passed a defender and came to the penalty area and slammed the door with his right foot. The ball was like a shell, and Bizot could do nothing. Paris was 1-0 brest.

In the 22nd minute, Li Gangren volleyed vigorously from the right side of the restricted area, and Bizot held the ball out of the crossbar.In the 28th minute, taking advantage of brest’s massive pressure, Paris fought back. Li Gangren picked up the ball in the backcourt and passed it to Mbappé. The latter caught the ball and formed a single-handed trend. He entered the left side of the penalty area and missed the defender. His right foot shot low and scored near the corner. Paris scored 2-0 in brest.

In the 41st minute, Mbappé received a cross shot from his right foot at the top of the arc, and Bizot saved the ball again.In the 44th minute, brest pulled back a goal, and the high ball on the right side of the frontcourt passed to the middle. Mounie in the restricted area pressed the Parisian defender to head the ball, and the ball bounced to the net, but Donaruma couldn’t save it. Brest 1-2 Paris.At the end of the first half, Paris temporarily took the lead.

In the second half, change sides and fight again.In the 52nd minute, brest’s right corner kicked into the restricted area, and Ledoualon, who was in front of him, headed the ball back, and the ball flew into the far corner. Donaruma’s whip was not as long as brest’s 2-2 Paris.

In the 57th minute, Mba took the ball to the left side of the restricted area, and shot wide from the far corner with his right foot. In the 62nd minute, Fabian Ruiz stopped the ball in front of the restricted area and buckled the defender, and the long corner was slightly missed. In the 64th minute, Paris stepped up its attack, and Enrique changed into Dembele and Muani.

In the 68th minute, brest got the chance, and the right side of the frontcourt shot the ball into the restricted area, but Ledoualon, who was in the back, outflanked the shot and kicked it. In the 70th minute, brest’s two shots in the restricted area were quite threatening, both of which were resolved by Donaruma. In the 74th minute, the Parisian frontcourt got a chance, but Dembele didn’t stop the ball in the restricted area and was cleared by the opponent’s defender.

In the 75th minute, Vitinia got the ball on the left side of the penalty area, which was quite threatening. Bizot got the ball sideways. In the 83rd minute, Muani in the restricted area tripped after passing the ball on the left side of the Paris frontcourt. The referee watched VAR on the sidelines and awarded a penalty. Because of the conflict caused by this penalty, many players from two teams got yellow cards.

Mbappé took the penalty. His first shot was saved by the goalkeeper, but Mbappé immediately made up the shot and scored the ball. Paris led brest 3-2, which was the 89th minute of the game.

In the end, the whole game ended and Paris Saint-Germain beat brest 3-2.

What historical knowledge do you believe in, but it really happened?

Author: our team Zhang Ying

The more you read history, the more you will feel "unbelievable". A lot of historical knowledge that seems incredible at first glance and even makes people "don’t believe it" is real, but it happened in the past years.

Compared with those political and military events that are often talked about,The following economic and cultural knowledge, which also makes people feel "don’t believe in death", also epitomizes the rise and fall of dynasties.It is worth thinking deeply.

One: the Great Jin Dynasty did not cast money.

Successive dynasties founded the country, and currency issuance was a top priority. And Wang Chao didn’t even do it? The Jin dynasties thought: this is really not a thing.

Since the "Three Kingdoms Reunited", the Jin Dynasty, from the emperor to the officials, has been a competition and a release. Apart from internal strangulation, it has been a feast, a song and dance, an alchemy and a fight for wealth, and it has changed its fancy show "Wei and Jin demeanor". Even if the Yongjia Rebellion broke out and the Dajin became the Eastern Jin, it would still remain unchanged, and it would be impossible to get rid of it by being immersed in metaphysics and talking openly.The issue of currency, a 164-year history of the Jin and Jin Dynasties, has never been done.

What’s the money? In the Western Jin Dynasty, Cao Wei’s five baht money was mainly used, and it was beaten to the south of the Yangtze River to become the "Eastern Jin Dynasty", and all kinds of currencies in the Soochow period were churned out to continue to be used. The currency on the market in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a mess. Plus a large number of precious metals, all of them have been embezzled by the rich and powerful to make luxury goods, and there is less and less money circulating in the market. As a result, there is not much money, and there is an increasingly serious phenomenon of "money shortage".

Ironically,The first reaction of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to this serious phenomenon was not to stabilize the currency, but to slap the head and think about simply abolishing the currency.When Emperor Andi was in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, someone put forward the "good idea" of "barter". Although it ran aground under the opposition of many ministers, the Eastern Jin Dynasty did nothing, and still allowed the chaos in the money market. The currency is so chaotic, of course, this dynasty is becoming more and more hopeless. The partial Eastern Jin Dynasty was finally usurped by the Liu and Song Dynasties in the absurdity of "not casting money".

Two: Planting cotton in Datang Garden

In the Tang dynasty, rich people cultivated flowers, and all kinds of precious flowers and plants competed for each other. However, during the period of Tang Xuanzong, Suleiman, an Arab traveler who visited the Tang Dynasty, saw a special exotic flower and grass in the garden of the Tang Dynasty: cotton. That’s right. Today, it is used to make cotton-padded clothes, which is necessary to keep out the cold in winter.In the middle Tang dynasty, it was still "on a par" with famous flowers such as peony and rose, and was specially designed for garden enjoyment.

During the Tang Dynasty, there were only Yunnan, Hainan and Xinjiang provinces in China, and some cotton was planted. As an "exotic" cotton, it was a precious flower at that time. More than just for fun. Cotton cloth made of cotton was also a precious luxury at that time. According to the statistics of the Order of Closing the City in the Tang Dynasty, the local price of one end of fine cotton cloth in the western regions is as high as 2,200 articles. Even the coarse denim needs 500 Wen at one end. Cotton-padded clothes made of cotton cloth were called "white-folded cloth" and "kapok fur" at that time, and the price of them sold to the mainland usually turned several times.It is equivalent to "putting precious flowers and plants on your body", which is standard for the rich.

When reading Du Fu’s famous sentence, "The cloth is as cold as iron for many years, and the charming children lie down and crack inside", many historical fans often wonder why Du Fu didn’t cover the quilt when he was so frozen. To tell the truth, I really couldn’t afford it at that time.

It was not until the Song and Yuan Dynasties that cotton planting techniques were gradually popularized in the mainland and gradually adapted to the soil and water in different regions. During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, cotton planting was promoted by legislation throughout the country. Cotton, a luxury in the Tang and Song Dynasties, was "dependent on everyone’s wealth" in China.Cotton cotton-padded clothes, once a rare "imported product", became a specialty of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They were not only the daily consumer goods of ordinary people in winter, but also exported abroad in large quantities along the Maritime Silk Road, earning enough money all over the world.

What is "making foreign things serve China"? Learn from the ancients in China how to plant cotton from the garden into the farmland.

Three: The civil servants in the Song Dynasty were very hard.

"Fu Song" is a happy time for literati, and the most enviable among literati is civil servants. Unofficial history often talked about the "sky-high income" of civil servants in the Song Dynasty. For example, the extravagant life of Kou Zhun Song Qi people lighting giant candles and drinking chicken tongue soup, and the happy scene of Bao Zheng Wang Anshi people’s "sky-high annual salary" and "salary basically does not move" have made many fans envy each other and wish to cross to Dasong to take the imperial examination. However, even if there is a chance to "cross", we must be cautious about it. Most civil servants in the Song Dynasty are far poorer than later generations imagined.

For example, in the Song Dynasty,Being a small official in the civil service, such as "county magistrate" and "main thin", the salary is pitiful.Basically, "poverty is not enough to support itself." It was not until Song Shenzong’s time that the salary was raised, but it was just "the county ordered the money to be 15 thousand, and the rice and wheat were 4 stones." Compared with the courtiers, this money is really not enough.

Civil servants at a slightly higher level have limited treatment.For example, Shi Jie, a famous scholar in Song Renzong, told imperial academy that his life was very simple on weekdays, but when he died, his wife was "overwhelmed with cold", that is, his wife and children couldn’t live, and they only had a way out with the support of Fan Zhongyan and others in Han Qi. Zeng Yi, the foreign minister of Song Shenzong, was also "poor because of his family". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You passed the sentence in Kuizhou, which was considered as a "fat vacancy" among civil servants. After several years, he was also "thin in the gorge" and "bare in luggage". That is to say, you can get a round belly.

Why is this happening?First, there were so many civil servants in the Song Dynasty that they were called "redundant officials".According to Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty, "four or five people share one post". In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the total number of officials in the Song Dynasty was more than 43,000, and the territory was half that of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the number of officials was several times higher than that of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are so many officials to support, and no matter how rich they are, they can’t support them. Therefore, if most civil servants only rely on "wages", their lives will be hard.

Plus DaSong’s "ruling the world together with the literati", even if it is "cultivating scholars", of course, we must first pay close attention to the high-level literati.Not only a high-ranking official, but also retired senior officials, as well as giving "grace" to the children and students of retired senior officials, is a lot of money every year. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Huainan transshipment ambassador said that the taxes of twenty states in Huainan were not enough to give pensions to retired senior officials in Luoyang. In Song Renzong, there were more than 5,000 salaried idlers in China. Some people even have more than one consul and do nothing.

Officials who have money to support idle people and work honestly have a hard time.How can we not be poor and weak in such a great Song Dynasty?

Four: horsestapErni duancai road

A great event in the diplomatic history of "Kanggan heyday" in Qing Dynasty was "Magalny’s visit to China". During the Qianlong period, a huge mission led by British Lord Macartney visited the Qing Dynasty with the intention of opening the trade door of the Qing Dynasty, but it was rejected by the arrogant Qianlong. A visit, but the result is empty. But Magalny was not depressed, because,On this trip, he found another treasure in China: tea seedlings.

Can a mere tea seedling be comparable to a diplomatic event? In the eyes of the British at that time, this was really close.

Since the mid-18th century, China’s traditional tea drinking style has long been popular in European countries. The British have become the "iron powder" of tea. At that time, all classes of British society had the habit of "drinking afternoon tea", and the atmosphere of drinking tea spread all over Britain and even colonies on all continents. According to the statistics of the 18th century British scholar Stenton,British people, old and young, consume at least one pound of tea every year on average. Where did so much tea come from? You can only buy it from China.

As a result, unconsciously, tea trade became the "heavy head" of foreign exports in the Qing Dynasty. The export price of a load of tea in Guangzhou is only ten pounds. Reselling to the British mainland has soared to at least 106 pounds. Huge profits have also provoked British businessmen to flock to buy buy every year, bringing enough cash to buy them. By the 1780s, China’s annual tea export had exceeded 1.8 million pounds, making it easy for the British to earn money.

But this "easy money" scene, but with the horsetapThe arrival of Ernie and his party turned around.

Although the Qing government, which closed its doors to the outside world, took precautions against Magalny and his party. However, because the Qing officials had no concept of "intellectual property rights", they were defenseless against the "inspection" activities of Magyarni and his party. Therefore, during a trip to China, Macartney made an unannounced visit, which not only clearly recorded the process of tea planting and picking in China. I also got something good that many European countries couldn’t get at that time: tea seedlings.

Thus, from the end of the 18th century, China’s tea planting technology, so ruthless outflow.India under British rule, with this "stolen" technology and modern production, quickly came from behind in the field of tea.By the middle of the 19th century, Indian tea had become the "big head" of the international tea market. At the beginning of the 20th century, Indian tea and Ceylon tea accounted for 92% of the international market at that time, which had already "crushed" modern China tea.

Tea industry, a powerful industry that earned enough money in China, was cut off in less than half a century because of the outflow of several tea seedlings. It was not so much Macartney’s fault as the Qing Dynasty’s indifference to industrial technology, which brought modern China into the pit of backwardness and beatings.

References: Chen Zhonghai’s Debate on Waste of Money in Jin Dynasty, Qing Qiuzi’s Currency History, Wang Zhonghun’s Matou of Xizhou in Tang Dynasty, Zhu Bokang’s General History of China Economy, He Zhongli’s Salary of Officials in Song Dynasty, Political History of Song Dynasty, Zhang Hongjie’s Prosperous Hunger and Wang Xiuping’s 1

How many privileges can the yellow jacket of the Qing Dynasty have?

Is Li Shimin scheming for a long time or being forced to do anything about the change of Xuanwu Gate?

After reading these 14 historical truths, I realized how shallow my historical knowledge is! How many do you know?

1. Women in Song Dynasty will be fined if they don’t marry at fourteen.

During the Song Renzong period, men were married at the age of fifteen and women at the age of thirteen; Ming Taizu stipulates that a man marries at the age of 16 and a woman marries at the age of 14. A woman who does not marry at the legal age will be fined.

For example, when Emperor Xiaohui of the Han Dynasty was filial, anyone who wanted to have a daughter who was over 15 to 30 years old and had not married was fined 600 yuan; In the Tang Dynasty, men over the age of 20 and girls over the age of 15 were also punished.

2. Zhongguancun was originally a eunuch nursing home.

Zhongguancun, a desolate cemetery decades ago, is mostly the tomb of eunuchs.Because eunuchs were called "middle officials" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called "middle official grave".

Eunuchs built temples and old-age manors here, and because they were called "middle officials" at that time, they called this place "middle official village". After liberation, they chose to build the China Academy of Sciences here. They thought the word "middle official" was not good, so they changed their names to "Zhongguancun".

3. Confucius is the pioneer of Weibo style.

The Analects of Confucius is the earliest collection of Weibo;

1. Each Analects does not exceed 140 words;

2, concise and profound;

3, more fragmented, mostly for Confucius to bask in the mood and exchange philosophy.

4. Strong interaction, and often reply and interact with Zigong, Yan Hui, Zilu, etc.

5. Confucius has more than 3,000 fans, 72 of whom are V tuba.

4. The origin of "jealousy" originated from the Tang Dynasty.

Fang Xuanling was the prime minister for 22 years and was an important founder of Zhenguan rule.In order to show his merits, Emperor Taizong gave two beautiful women. Then this angered the prime minister’s wife and forbade beautiful women to enter the house.

Li Shimin gave her two choices:One is to get back the beauty; The second is to drink the "poisoned wine" given by the royal family.

After the heroic Mrs. Fang drank the "poisoned wine" on the spot, she knew it was a cup of vinegar. Emperor Taizong couldn’t help but take back the beauty, and the word "jealous" spread.

5, Gao Qiu was Su Dongpo extremely.

Gao Qiu was originally Su Dongpo’s mini-story, that is, extremely clever and good at copying.When Su Shi was transferred to Zhongshan House, he gave him to Wang Jinqing of Wang Shen, the captain of Xiaowangdu. Once, Wang Shen wanted to send Duan Wang was a comb knife for trimming sideburns, which was sent by Gao Qiu.

It happened that Duan Wang was playing cuju, and Gao Qiu took the opportunity to show off his skills, so he won the favor of Zhao Ji and stayed with Duan Wang from now on.After Zhao Ji succeeded to Song Huizong, Gao Qiu rose steadily.

6. Yan was not alone.

I always thought that Yan was one person, but it turned out to be ten.Yamaraja in Ten Temples is the floorboard of ten hades who are in charge of hell, which is said by China Buddhism. This statement began in the late Tang Dynasty.

They are:King Guang of Qin, Chu Jiangwang, Emperor Song, King Wu Guan, Yan Luowang, King Bian Cheng, King Tai Shan, King Ping, King Du Shi and King Huan.

These ten kings live on the ten halls of hell respectively, because they are called the ten halls of hell.

7. "Hou" was originally the title of emperor.

When you see the last word, you will always think of the queen, the queen mother and so on.However, in ancient times, the latter word represented men, was the embodiment of power, the symbol of emperors and the title of the son of heaven.

Later, it was the title of emperor before the Zhou Dynasty, when the wife of the son of heaven was a princess, and later it was used as the title of emperor for more than 360 years. It was not until the Zhou Dynasty that the princess was renamed.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the emperor was called the emperor, and the emperor’s wife was called the queen.

8. In Wei and Jin Dynasties, a man must look like a beautiful woman to be beautiful.

In Wei and Jin Dynasties, a man had to look like a beautiful woman to be praised, and gentle female beauty was the standard of beautiful men.Therefore, men of all ages in Wei and Jin dynasties desperately went to the "false mother" line. Noble men and women, almost everyone never leaves the mirror. Every day, they wear powder, lipstick and perfume, to the point where they disappear without makeup.

At that time, the famous false mothers were: writers Cao Zhi, Pan An, calligrapher Wang Xizhi …

9. Although the Ming emperor was dissolute, he had no wimps.

Although some emperors of the Ming Dynasty were dissolute and heartless, none of them were wimps!The Great Ming Dynasty lasted for 276 years, and never paid compensation, ceded land or paid tribute. The emperor guarded the country and the king died.

Emperor Chongzhen was martyred, but orthodox prisoners never begged for mercy. Longwu was killed in the battlefield, and Shaowu was captured and committed suicide by hunger strike.At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the soldiers were still divided into two ways to deal with the Manchu and the King, and they did not give up the desire of "the whole Liao can be restored" from beginning to end.

10. It was stipulated in the Song Dynasty that officials were not allowed to enter the wine shop, regardless of public or private funds, they were impeached.

According to Ouyang Xiu’s "Returning to the Field", Lu Su’s simple public service is a virtue, and the public service is easy to take and drink in a wine shop. Zhenzong asked, "Why did you enter the wine shop privately?" Gong said:"I am poor and have no utensils, and I have everything in the wine shop. I have come from afar with my relatives in the village, so I drink with them. However, the minister is easy to serve, and the city people have no knowledge of the minister. "

Zhenzong said, "Your majesty is a courtier, and I’m afraid he will be played by the censor."

11, the origin of the yellow flower girl

In ancient times, unmarried women liked to use yellow color to draw various patterns on their foreheads or faces when dressing up. It can also be cut into various patterns with yellow paper and pasted.

And "yellow flower" refers to chrysanthemum. Because chrysanthemum can resist cold in Ao Shuang, it is often used as a metaphor for people having moral integrity.

Therefore, adding the word "yellow flower" in front of the prostitute means that the woman is not married yet, but can remain chaste.

12. The origin of "Erguotou"

In the middle of Qing Dynasty, in order to improve the quality of shochu, Jingshi shochu Workshop needed to treat the distilled liquor, the "liquor head" cooled by cold water in the tin pot for the first time and the "liquor tail" cooled by cold water in the tin pot for the third time.

Because the first pot and the third pot are cooled by substances, only the wine that flows out after being cooled by the cold water changed into the tin pot for the second time is picked, so it is called "Erguotou".

13. Housing security system in Song Dynasty: the monthly rent of low-rent housing in Kaifeng is 106 yuan.

Building shop service, later renamed as "shop house service", is responsible for the management and maintenance of state-owned real estate, and to the public for rent. Look a little familiar! Equivalent to the current low-rent housing.At that time, there were 1192 public houses in Kaifeng, the capital, with a monthly rent of 170 yuan (RMB 106.25).

Can ordinary people afford to rent the land of capital city at the foot of the son of heaven?This is a housing security system, which is completely affordable.

14. Four nicknames of ancient China: Shenzhou, Kyushu, Huaxia and Zhongyuan.

1. China, the ancient sage took China’s China, which was called "the land of China".

2. Huaxia, originally referred to the Central Plains, later included the whole territory.

3. Kyushu, the ancient China, was divided into: Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Liang, Yong and Yu.

4. The Central Plains, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, was regarded as the center of the world by the Chinese nation in ancient times.


Source: One poem and one lesson.

Look at 2023 | Park Xuedong, General Manager of Beijing Fashion Holdings: Focus on the development of the fashion industry in the capital

Standing at the end of 2022 and looking at 2023, entrepreneurs, as an important force in China’s economy, how do they view the current economic policy in China and what are their expectations for the future economy in China? The Beijing News Shell Finance invited more than 100 entrepreneurs from all walks of life to complete their thoughts on the new year by questionnaire and explore the new impetus of China’s economic growth.

Shell Finance made an appointment with Park Xuedong, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of Beijing Fashion Holding Co., Ltd.

Park Xuedong, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of Beijing Fashion Holding Co., Ltd.. Figure/Respondents for the picture

Shell finance:What are the "small goals" for you and your company in the coming year?

Park Xuedong:My small goal is consistent with the small goal of the enterprise: slow down as soon as possible, regroup and start again.

Shell finance:To achieve this goal, what kind of help and support do you want, or what kind of good news do you want?

Park Xuedong:I hope we can overcome difficulties with the spirit of altruism and mutual assistance, and hope that everyone and every family will be safe and healthy. Specific to the fashion holding company, I hope that every employee of the company will have no worries and devote himself to all jobs in the capital fashion industry healthily and happily. Fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, the spirit of the "two sessions" of the whole country and the spirit of the 13th Party Congress of the city, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, base on the development of the capital in the new era, adhere to the general tone of steady progress, better coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and enterprise development, and further focus on the high-quality development of the fashion industry in the capital. Clear direction, boost confidence, deepen reform, strengthen management, guard against risks, integrate resources, stabilize scale, improve quality and efficiency, and work together to build the flagship of the capital’s fashion culture industry.

Beijing News Shell Finance reporter Yu Menger

Editor Jake proofreads Liu Baoqing.

0 am! The Beijing media made a controversial report: China football became a joke, and fans swore.

At 0: 00 a.m. Beijing time on November 3rd, after the China women’s football team was confirmed to miss the Paris Olympic Games, Beijing Youth Daily reported on it. They said that Song Kai, president of the China Football Association, watched the live broadcast of the women’s football match between China and South, and had a very clear understanding of the current problems and difficulties faced by the women’s football team in China. Such reports also caused great controversy and discussion.

"Song Kai watched the live broadcast of the women’s football match between China and South Korea," wrote Beijing Youth Daily. Prior to this, he also went to the scene to watch the first round of China-DPRK women’s football match in the Olympic preliminaries at this stage.

The new head of China Women’s Football Association has a very clear understanding of the current problems and difficulties. China Football Association will also join hands with representatives from all aspects of women’s football field to conduct in-depth research and communication to discuss the future of women’s football in China. "

From the report of Beijing Youth Daily, we can see that Song Kai had a clear understanding of the team’s problems by watching the women’s football match in China. Although the media did not disclose more information, their report not only made China football a joke, but also attracted a lot of fans’ condemnation.

A goal said, "You can have a clear understanding after watching a game, Niu, don’t you talk nonsense?" Some fans also said: "These reporters have a profound knowledge of writing, and they understand it all the time. He knows it is useless. How can it help?" Onlookers said they were looking forward to it. "

Of course, some fans said: "Football professionals have not understood the whole thing for decades. He knows everything after watching a game. This is not a genius." "The somebody else’s head coach all dare not say understand, see a didn’t even see the complete game to understand? Who believes this? "