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The Provincial People’s Congress held a press conference to interpret five laws and regulations, including Several Provisions on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases in Hunan Province.

Red Net News reporter Zhang Ying and Wu Gongkai report from Changsha.

On September 27th, the Provincial People’s Congress held a press conference to answer questions from reporters on the five laws and regulations.

A few days ago, the thirty-third meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress of Hunan Province voted and passed five laws and regulations, including Regulations on Promoting the Development of Tea Industry in Hunan Province, Regulations on Labor Law Supervision of Trade Unions in Hunan Province, Regulations on the Protection and Promotion of Intellectual Property Rights in Hunan Province, Several Provisions on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases in Hunan Province, and the newly revised Measures for the Implementation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes in Hunan Province.

On September 27th, the Hunan Provincial People’s Congress held a press conference to answer questions from reporters about five laws and regulations. Yu Xiong, chairman of the Agriculture Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, Qi Shengfang, chairman of the Social Construction Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, Zeng Donglou, deputy director of the Legal Affairs Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, Ma Yanqing, deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Song Zhengrong, vice chairman of the Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, Chen Jiaxin, deputy director of the Education, Culture and Health Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, Gu Benhua, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, Dai Shaoyi, deputy director of the Legal Affairs Committee of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People Li Junhua, deputy director of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Duan Zhixiong, member of the Party Group of the Provincial Market Supervision Administration and director of the Provincial Intellectual Property Office, attended the conference, and Fan Wenbin, deputy secretary-general and spokesperson of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, presided over the conference.

Delineating the functional areas of tea production and strengthening the design of tea quality control system

In recent years, the development of Hunan tea industry has entered the fast lane, but there are still many problems and constraints such as small scale of high-quality tea gardens, low degree of organization, many brands but not strong. In order to lead, promote and ensure the transformation of Hunan tea industry to the stage of high-quality, sustainable and healthy development, Hunan promoted the promulgation of the Regulations on the Promotion of Tea Industry Development in Hunan Province.

Zeng Donglou introduced that in order to strengthen tea quality control, the "Regulations" stipulate the comprehensive implementation of standardized tea production, the establishment of a traceability system for tea quality and safety, and the strengthening of the monitoring responsibility of the regulatory authorities. Yu Xiong said that the "Regulations" stipulates that the delineation of tea production functional zones is the first in the country’s tea-producing provinces, and clarifies the responsibilities of the provincial people’s government and the people’s governments of major tea producing areas to protect tea production functional zones.

"The lack of strong tea brands is a prominent shortcoming in the development of tea industry in Hunan Province." Ma Yanqing said that the "Regulations" clarify the main responsibilities and role orientation of government departments in the construction of regional public brands, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in brand building, and clearly strengthen the protection of geographical indications.

In order to strengthen the inheritance and protection of tea culture and create a highland of Hunan tea culture, the Regulations require people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments to excavate and sort out local tea culture resources, encourage the declaration of tea-related cultural heritage, develop Huxiang tea cultural and creative industries, and strengthen the dissemination of tea culture and tea knowledge.

Strengthen the protection of workers’ rights and interests in the new employment form

The promulgation and implementation of "Regulations on Labor Legal Supervision of Trade Unions in Hunan Province" is a summary of the successful experiences and practices of trade unions in our province in carrying out labor legal supervision, so that the labor legal supervision of trade unions can be fully brought into the track of rule of law.

What is the relationship between labor law supervision and labor security supervision of trade unions? How to link up with workers’ application for labor dispute arbitration and litigation? Qi Shengfang introduced that labor security supervision is an administrative law enforcement activity, and labor legal supervision of trade unions is a mass supervision. Labor legal supervision of trade unions is an important work before labor security supervision to resolve labor contradictions and disputes in the embryonic stage through trade union supervision. The "Regulations" established the "one letter and two books" system of labor legal supervision of trade unions, and set up a convenient bridge between labor legal supervision and labor security supervision.

Song Zhengrong introduced that in the process of drafting the Regulations, specific provisions were made for the weak links in the protection of workers’ rights and interests in the new employment form, which reflected the forward-looking and innovative legislation. At the same time, the "Regulations" clarify the means and procedures of labor legal supervision of trade unions. For the problems found, it not only emphasizes the maximum promotion of labor disputes through negotiation, but also emphasizes rigid supervision according to law to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

Focus on the protection and promotion of the whole chain of intellectual property rights

"In recent years, the intellectual property cause in Hunan Province has made remarkable progress, but there are still problems such as low overall quality, poor utilization efficiency, imperfect collaborative protection mechanism and insufficient public service capacity. It is necessary to formulate the Regulations on the Protection and Promotion of Intellectual Property Rights in Hunan Province." Chen Jiaxin introduced.

"The Regulations are the" 1 "in the" 1+N "model of local legislation on intellectual property rights in our province, which belongs to the comprehensive local regulations on intellectual property rights in our province." Dai Shaoyi introduced that the "Regulations" focus on the protection and promotion of the whole chain of intellectual property rights, and each has its own characteristics and highlights in the creation, application, protection, management and service of intellectual property rights. In the aspect of encouraging creation, the specific system design is carried out around encouraging high-quality creation of intellectual property rights in our province. The "Regulations" stipulate that the distribution policy oriented to increasing knowledge value should be implemented, and enterprises, institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions should establish and improve the income distribution system for the transformation of job achievements.

Duan Zhixiong introduced that the "Regulations" made detailed provisions for enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions to strengthen intellectual property creation, enhance the efficiency of the use of intellectual property rights, and improve the rights distribution mechanism. At the same time, it stipulated that the government and its relevant departments should guide market participants to create and use intellectual property rights with higher quality by compiling and publishing catalogues of key technologies and key products, establishing and improving the navigation mechanism of intellectual property rights, promoting the layout of intellectual property rights in key core technologies, and strengthening the construction of intellectual property trading platforms and public service systems.

Promote the legalization of occupational disease prevention and control work

At present, the situation of occupational disease prevention and control in the province is very severe, showing the characteristics of wide coverage, large stock, miscellaneous diseases and many increments. The promulgation of "Several Provisions on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases in Hunan Province" is conducive to promoting the legalization of occupational disease prevention and control, and effectively strengthening the work of "containing the increase and treating the stock" of occupational diseases.

How to prevent occupational diseases? Dai Shaoyi said: first, the responsibilities of the government and its relevant departments are stipulated. People’s governments at or above the county level should strengthen their leadership over the prevention and control of occupational diseases, establish and improve the deliberation and coordination mechanism for the prevention and control of occupational diseases, and study and solve major problems in the prevention and control of occupational diseases; Strengthen team and capacity building, and relevant funds will be included in the fiscal budget. The second is to clarify seven responsibilities of the main person in charge of the unit and nine specific responsibilities of the occupational health management institution or full-time and part-time management personnel.

Li Junhua introduced that the "Regulations" clearly stipulate that employers with radioactive, highly toxic and high-risk dust occupational hazards should be equipped with full-time or part-time occupational health doctors and nurses with occupational health protection knowledge; Those who do not have the conditions to be equipped with full-time or part-time occupational health doctors and nurses shall sign contracts with technical service institutions that have obtained corresponding qualification certification according to law to provide professional services.

Reduce the risk of inter-provincial transfer of solid waste

"Our province is a’ hometown of non-ferrous metals’, with high solid waste stocks, large increments, many types and high environmental risks. The prevention and control work is urgent, arduous, long-term and complex." Gu Benhua introduced the revision of the Measures for the Implementation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, aiming at further strengthening responsibilities, strengthening supervision and promoting the development of circular economy.

Zhang Zaifeng introduced that this time, the two contents of Article 21 of the original regulations on the inter-provincial transfer of hazardous waste have been revised, focusing on the control of the inter-provincial transfer of solid waste, reflecting the principle of classified management of hazardous waste resource utilization, focusing on guiding enterprises to extend the industrial chain and enhance the added value of products, which is conducive to the green and sustainable development of the hazardous waste utilization industry.

It mainly revised five aspects, such as strengthening the supervision means of solid waste, strengthening the responsibility of source reduction and resource utilization of construction waste, banning plastic products, recycling waste power batteries, and inter-provincial transfer of solid waste. Focus on solving the problem that the degree of information supervision of solid waste is not high, and the pace of related units is difficult to be consistent; Environmental risk of trans-provincial transfer of solid waste and reduction of trans-provincial transfer risk of solid waste; The source reduction and resource utilization of construction waste and the environmental pollution caused by the development of new formats are four problems.

How to divide the responsibility when ＂fitness＂ changes to ＂injury＂？

　　The picture shows that the presiding judge of this case is in court.

　　guide reading

　　With the increasing admiration of the public for the concept of healthy living, yoga has gradually become a popular choice for the masses to keep fit. However, seemingly simple yoga exercise may also suffer sports injuries and lead to disputes. Recently, the People’s Court of Jinan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province concluded a case of tort liability dispute caused by yoga injury. After hearing the case, the court held that the yoga studio, as an institution specializing in training and teaching services, failed to fulfill its sufficient security obligations and should bear the main responsibility of this case. At the same time, the customer, as a person with full capacity for civil conduct, should be aware of the related risks of practicing yoga, but he continues to practice after feeling unwell, and there is also fault in the occurrence of damage results, so the responsibility of the yoga studio can be appropriately reduced. While fully safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, the judgment of this case also reflects that the people’s court fully applies the concept of active justice to civil trial work, effectively exerts the rule-leading and value-oriented functions of judicial judgment, and plays a positive role in the standardized governance of service industries such as sports and fitness.

　　Fitness is risky and exercise needs to be moderate.

　　On December 10, 2021, Duan paid 3380 yuan to a yoga studio through WeChat and became an annual card member of the yoga studio. The next day, Duan transferred 5719 yuan to the yoga studio to buy a personal trainer course package. During the period from December 11th, 2021 to January 22nd, 2022, Duan frequently made an appointment with the yoga instructor Li in the yoga studio through WeChat and did yoga exercises.

　　In early January, 2022, Duan felt discomfort in his left hip after attending a private yoga class, and told his coach Li. After listening, Li said that this is a subluxation strain of the femoral head after normal exercise, so let Duan continue to do some rehabilitation and relaxation training in the yoga studio. Duan, out of trust in the coach, continued to go to the yoga studio for classes.

　　The injury becomes more serious, and fitness hurts the body.

　　On January 20, 2022, Duan went to the hospital for examination because of unbearable pain. The X-ray diagnosis report showed that Duan had degenerative changes in his left hip joint. On the 23 rd of the same month, Duan went to the orthopedic hospital for magnetic resonance examination, and the imaging diagnosis was: a small amount of effusion in the left hip joint space.

　　From March to May, 2022, Duan’s symptoms have not been alleviated, and he went to the hospital for examination and treatment many times. He was also hospitalized at the end of April and discharged on May 18th. The diagnosis conclusions given by the hospital are as follows: 1. Hip joint disease (left hip arthritis) edema (mild bone marrow edema in the left acetabulum and mild bone marrow edema in the upper femur of the left femur); 2. Abnormal findings of diagnostic imaging examination in other parts of musculoskeletal system (mild degeneration of pelvis), etc.

　　After leaving the hospital, Duan found a yoga studio to find a solution.

　　The negotiation ended in vain, and the judge was asked to judge.

　　Since then, Duan and coach Li have repeatedly communicated and negotiated related compensation matters, but the two sides have never reached an agreement, so Duan sued the yoga studio and Li to the court. The defendant argued in the lawsuit that Duan confirmed in the WeChat chat with Li that the range of yoga movements taught by Li was very small, and the teaching intensity was low, and Li only demonstrated the movements and told the essentials of the movements, and Duan stretched himself, so Li did not press Duan’s body, so there was no fault in Li’s yoga teaching, and Duan’s injury was not caused by Li, so the defendant should not bear the responsibility.

　　In addition, as a sport, yoga practitioners should practice in a step-by-step manner according to the flexibility of their ligaments and the strength of bone structure. Duan, as a practitioner, should fully understand the dangers of practicing yoga. He is eager to achieve success and frequently asks for classes at his own risk, so his injury result is caused by his improper practice. According to the law, if the victim intentionally or neglects the occurrence or expansion of the same damage, the liability of the compensation obligor may be reduced or exempted.

　　There is a causal relationship after two appraisals.

　　In June, 2022, Duan entrusted a judicial appraisal institute for appraisal, and the appraisal opinions issued by the judicial appraisal institute were as follows: 1. There is a causal relationship between the consequences of Duan’s current left hip injury and the injury caused by practicing yoga in the yoga studio on December 29, 2021; 2. Duan’s delayed construction period is evaluated as 120 days, the nursing period is evaluated as 90 days, and the nutritional period is evaluated as 60 days.

　　During the litigation, according to the application of the yoga studio, the court entrusted another judicial appraisal institute to re-evaluate whether there is a causal relationship between Duan’s left hip injury and yoga practice, as well as the missed construction period, nursing period and nutrition period. The opinions of the judicial appraisal opinion issued by the judicial appraisal institute on October 14, 2022 are as follows: 1. There is a complete causal relationship between Duan’s practice of yoga in a yoga studio and his left hip injury; 2. Duan’s delayed construction period is 120 days, the nursing period is 90 days, and the nutrition period is 60 days.

　　Both parties are at fault and bear primary and secondary responsibilities.

　　Based on the facts of the case and relevant evidence, the court held that citizens have the right to life and health, and the actor should bear tort liability for infringing upon the civil rights and interests of others due to his fault. Duan’s left hip injury has a complete causal relationship with the yoga exercise directed by Li, as evidenced by the appraisal opinions issued by two appraisal institutes.

　　As an institution specializing in yoga training and teaching services, the yoga studio should provide students with a safe fitness environment and professional fitness services. It failed to fulfill its sufficient security obligations, resulting in Duan’s injury, and continued to arrange Duan to do yoga exercises after Duan told him that his left hip was unwell. It was at fault for Duan’s injury and should bear the main responsibility of this case.

　　As a person with full capacity for civil conduct, Duan should be aware of the risks associated with practicing yoga, have a considerable sense of self-protection, and have a full understanding of his physical condition and endurance. However, after feeling the discomfort of the left hip joint, Duan did not choose to see a doctor in time, took the initiative to stop training, and continued to carry out yoga training. He himself was also at fault for the occurrence of the damage result, which can appropriately reduce the liability for compensation of the yoga studio. Li is a yoga instructor in the yoga studio, and Duan was injured in yoga teaching, so his employer yoga studio should bear the liability for compensation.

　　In the end, combined with the actual situation of the case and the degree of fault of both parties, the court ruled that the yoga studio should bear 70% of the liability for compensation, and Duan should bear 30% of the liability himself.

　　After the judgment, neither party appealed, and the judgment has taken legal effect.

　　■ referee analysis

　　The combination of fault liability principle and fault offset system

　　Natural person’s right to health and body should be protected by law. When engaging in social activities, all civil subjects should fulfill the necessary duty of care, respect the rights and interests of others, and avoid causing damage to the rights and interests of others. Any act that causes damage to the rights and interests of others due to negligence or neglect shall bear the corresponding liability for damages. Article 165 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clarifies that the principle of general tort liability is the principle of fault liability, that is, unless there are special provisions in the law, generally speaking, the civil subject should bear the liability for damages only when the civil rights and interests of others are infringed by fault (intentionally or negligently); If there is no fault, it is not responsible.

　　It is worth noting that Article 173 of the Civil Code states that when the victim is at fault for the occurrence of damage or the expansion of the damage result, the liability of the compensation obligor for damages shall be reduced or exempted according to law, that is, the fault shall be offset. As an important system of damage compensation, the effect of the principle of negligence offset is reflected in three levels: first, for the infringer, the effect of the principle of negligence offset is reflected in the reduction or exemption of his liability for damage compensation. Second, for the infringed, it is reflected in the fact that his claim for damages is restricted in entity, and he has lost part or all of his claim for damages. Third, for the court as a referee, it is reflected that the judge should distribute the damage results fairly among the parties according to specific standards and determine the responsibility. Negligence offset, in essence, is to consider the faults of the offender and the victim to determine the primary and secondary responsibilities, rather than offset each other.

　　Returning to this case is essentially a combination of the principle of fault liability and the system of fault offset. First of all, institutions engaged in yoga training and teaching services should provide students with a safe fitness environment and professional fitness guidance services, and do their best to ensure safety within reasonable limits. Yoga is a dangerous sport. In the process of practice, the staff of the yoga studio should guide the students to complete the corresponding actions according to the intensity suitable for their own foundation, and give necessary safety tips. In the case of knowing that the students are unwell due to the practice actions, they should not continue to arrange yoga exercises, which will aggravate the injuries of the students. Therefore, the principle of fault liability applies and the yoga studio bears the main responsibility. Secondly, students, as adults with full capacity for civil conduct, should also know the related risks of practicing yoga, have a considerable sense of self-protection, avoid causing self-harm in yoga exercise, and should also bear part of the responsibility for the expansion of the damage results.

　　At the same time, the principle of negligence offset has its subject scope of application. If the victim is at fault for the occurrence or expansion of the damage, it should be applied to reduce the compensation liability of the offender. There should be no objection. It is worth noting that in judicial practice, when a third person who has a specific relationship with the victim has the following circumstances and is at fault for the occurrence or expansion of damage, the principle of negligence offset may still be applied:

　　(1) Legal representative

　　The legal representative is the guardian of a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct, and has the legal obligation to supervise, protect and take care of the person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct. If the legal representative neglects to perform his guardianship duties, resulting in damage to the ward, based on the guardianship relationship between the legal representative and the victim, the principle of negligence should be applied to reduce the liability of the offender.

　　(2) Staff

　　If a staff member causes property losses to the employer due to the infringement of others in the course of performing his duties, if the staff member is at fault for the occurrence or expansion of the damage, his fault is regarded as the fault of the employer, and the fault can be applied to offset and reduce the compensation liability of the infringer.

　　■ Expert comments

　　Strengthen the supervision of fitness practitioners and operators.

　　Ding Zhaozeng, Associate Professor of Fujian Normal University Law School

　　The verdict of this case conforms to the provisions of Article 165 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), "If the actor infringes upon the civil rights and interests of others due to his fault, he shall bear the tort liability" and Article 173, "If the infringed is at fault for the occurrence or expansion of the same damage, the liability of the infringer may be reduced".

　　On the one hand, in the fitness and yoga courses, the service contract relationship is formed between the members and the yoga institutions, and the instructors need to formulate targeted courses according to the students’ physical conditions and fitness goals, and provide professional guidance during the practice. If the members’ sports are injured due to the coach’s mistakes, the coach and the organization may have to bear the corresponding tort liability.

　　On the other hand, gymnasiums, yoga studios and other institutions should fulfill their security obligations to members, create a good and safe fitness environment, ensure the safety of supporting service facilities in business and management places and the qualification compliance of coaches, so as to effectively protect the personal and property safety of members. However, the security obligations of gymnasiums, yoga rooms and other institutions are not infinitely expanded. If a member is a person with full capacity for civil conduct, he should have a reasonable understanding of his own health, and should also have a sense of safety and self-protection about the exercise environment and sports equipment. Members should arrange exercises scientifically and reasonably according to their own physical conditions to achieve the purpose of safe and healthy exercise. If members fail to fulfill their duty of care, they should bear certain responsibilities for the consequences of their own damage.

　　This case also reflects that the current fitness and yoga consumer markets need to be standardized. On the one hand, the entry threshold for fitness and yoga coaches should be improved, and the skills training and quality education for coaches should be strengthened. Coaches should hold certificates, and coaches engaged in fitness and yoga should hold China Fitness Yoga Grade Certificate. On the other hand, we should strengthen the standardized and legal management of gymnasiums and yoga studios. As soon as possible, formulate and improve the unified standards of fitness, yoga training, grade evaluation and other aspects, so that fitness and yoga training have rules to follow and rules to follow. In addition, it is also necessary to clarify the supervision departments of the fitness and yoga industries, strengthen the supervision of practitioners and operating venues, rectify and clean up the fitness and yoga venues with irregular operation in time, and standardize the industry order.

Tanabata is coming. Is it appropriate to say ＂Happy Festival＂？

　　Beijing, August 14 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) The Qixi Festival has arrived. Have you figured out how to send blessings to others? Have you chosen a gift for your lover? Recently, similar issues have become a hot topic on the Internet.

　　In recent years, Tanabata is a lively festival. Merchants from all walks of life hope to make a fortune by taking the opportunity, while couples are busy giving gifts to each other and thinking about blessing copywriting. There are also singles who laugh at themselves as "not suitable for holidays".

　　How much do you know about this festival?

　　Is it appropriate to say happy holidays to singles?

　　The present Qixi Festival is also called "China Valentine’s Day".

　　As early as it has not yet arrived, many people have made careful preparations: couples exchange gifts and wish each other a happy holiday, making this festival extremely warm.

　　At the same time, some people laugh at themselves for "two delays in love career", which is not suitable for festivals; Considering the love theme of the festival, some people make fun of it. Don’t say "Happy Holidays" to singles, which is a double blow.

　　Wang Juan, a folklore expert, explained that Tanabata is rich in connotation, including begging for cleverness, begging for children, tying a red rope and so on, which is far more than just love. In ancient times, there was no unified way of blessing in the whole country, so we had to talk about the matter.

　　"For example, if you treat it as Valentine’s Day, you will wish it everlasting; When the girl’s adult ceremony is over, I wish the girl what she wants, and what kind of blessing to send, generally depends on the needs of both sides. " She said.

　　Of course, on Tanabata, you can also say happy holidays. Wang Juan believes that singles can use this festival to express their love, and those who don’t want to celebrate this festival don’t have to. It is a very romantic festival in itself, so don’t give yourself so many restrictions.

　　Not just love.

　　Indeed, earlier, Tanabata had little to do with love. The spread of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has something to do with the ancient people’s observation of the actions of Vega and Altair.

　　According to ancient records, at that time in July evening, Vega just rose to the highest point of the year, which was clearly visible. In addition, the two dark stars next to Vega look like an opening to the east, and when you look to the east, you can see the "Altair".

　　Later generations, the connotation of Tanabata gradually enriched. Begging with needles, for example, started in Han Dynasty, and is especially popular among women. The gameplay is very simple. They wear the needle in the competition. The faster they wear it, the more "cleverness" they beg for, and the success of threading the needle is "skillful".

　　There is also a game called "floating needle trick". The girls will prepare a basin of water one day in advance and put it in the courtyard, and there will be floating dust on the water the next day. Then, the girls put the needle in and observe the projection of the needle after the sun comes out.

　　In addition, according to folklore, July 7th is Kuixing’s birthday, and scholars who want to achieve fame will make sacrifices on Tanabata to pray for their success in the exam.

　　In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there was also a "Qiqiao City". The festive food on Tanabata is called "proper fruit", which is mainly made of oil, flour, sugar and honey. It is called "laughing tired of children" and "fruit eating pattern" in Tokyo Dream of China Record.

　　Constantly enriched festival connotation

　　Besides, Wang Juan once mentioned that in ancient times, one of the main contents of Chinese Valentine’s Day was begging for cleverness, so most unmarried girls celebrated this festival. In some areas, this day is a rite of passage for girls.

　　For a traditional festival, its connotation, customs and so on would have been enriched and developed with the passage of time. In modern society, inheriting beneficial customs also needs to be linked with daily life.

　　Therefore, as far as Tanabata is concerned, some experts suggest that we can start with the details, such as girls can still hold similar handicraft competitions and let children do proper fruit, which can also encourage young people to pay attention to and participate in this festival.

Get ＂model design＂ new skills： can AI control its own evolution？

　　"It only takes a few lines of code to build a regression model." Programmers recognize the performance of Google AutoML and think that the model designed by AutoML is comparable to that designed by machine learning experts. A few days ago, Google engineers introduced the Google AutoML project in China and Silicon Valley respectively.

　　Confused doubts followed — — AI evolved again? ! Already self-developed? Can control their own evolution? Is it to get rid of humans?

　　How many steps does evolution take?

　　AI has indeed evolved, and it can do more and more things and achieve remarkable results. Behind it is the "triple jump" of AI implementation path — —

　　Zhao Zhigang, a researcher at the Big Data R&D Department of Jinan Center of National Supercomputing, said: "At first, we used mathematical formulas and ‘ if… … then’ Wait for the statement to tell the computer what to do in the first step and what to do in the second step, teach it by hand, and then give the machine N groups of inputs and outputs. The rules or laws in the middle are learned by itself. "

　　"Before, many smart minds spent their whole lives studying how to extract effective features." Mo Yu, CTO of Smart Point, which focuses on intelligent shopping guide dialogue robots, explained, "The invention of neural network algorithm and the emergence of deep learning technology have made AI evolve to 2.0, and the work of extracting features is carried out by AI itself, and our work has also changed accordingly."

　　It is easy to explain the transition from "1.0" to "2.0" with the model of mathematical function: if the tasks of image recognition, semantic understanding and chess playing are all regarded as different Y=f(X), that is, the input picture, voice or chess move of "cat" is "x", and the output cat, answer and chess move is "y". Before deep learning, people find the formula corresponding to function F through their own analysis and tell it to AI. After deep learning, people input a lot of correspondence between x and y, and AI finds the formula corresponding to function f by itself.

　　"The specific content of the function F found by AI may be better than that found by humans, but humans don’t know it, just like a black box." Mo Yu said, "But the form of F is designed by AI researchers through research. If deep neural network is used, the modules in the network and the organization between modules are also designed in advance."

　　With the maturity and popularization of deep learning technology, there has been a specific pursuable experience in model construction. "The release of various common neural networks has made the threshold for employment lower and lower. Some ordinary model construction and optimization, just graduated students can get started in online learning tutorials. " Zhao Zhigang said.

　　When modeling becomes a learnable skill, AutoML appears. What it can do is the model design work of AI researchers. "It will help different companies build artificial intelligence systems, even if they don’t have extensive expertise." Google engineers recommend this. AI successfully evolved to 3.0.

　　In fact, AutoML still replaces the work that human beings can extract experience. "If people described a set of ‘ Road network ’ With the technical assistance of deep learning, the machine can find the optimal path as quickly as possible; Then AI can now design its own road network. " Zhao Zhigang was concise.

　　It can be seen that both deep learning and AutoML only replace the work that some groups of human beings have studied thoroughly. "What machines can do, try not to work by hand" is the life creed of many programmers, which gave birth to AutoML. Based on the same creed, Microsoft developed DeepCoder. "It can be used to generate programs that satisfy given input and output." Mo Yu said, but its performance is not satisfactory at present, and only some simple programs can be written.

　　Who is "God"

　　There is no doubt that the answer is human.

　　Since AI has evolved to a higher level of model design, what changes have taken place in the "hand of God"?

　　"An alchemist", Mo Yu vividly talked about his work in two words. "Smart is a professional intelligent customer service. The work of R&D personnel mainly focuses on problem modeling (how to turn actual problems into problems solved by artificial intelligence technology) and algorithm optimization (how to improve the effect of artificial intelligence algorithms)."

　　"refining" means constant debugging and improvement. "For a specific person, the more you throw your temper, the better. The more accurate the answer, the better." Mo Yu said, "Our X is the customer’s question, Y is the reply of the robot customer service, and the middle function F needs training."

　　This is not an easy task. If we divide the experience of human society into three categories: definite rules with formulas, knowledge that can be expressed in words, and feelings that can only be understood but cannot be expressed. The last category is the most difficult to ponder.

　　"Therefore, we try to build a perfect closed-loop feedback, understand the preferences of specific users, and finally achieve what they like through the expression of emotions and interests." Mo Yu said, "At present, it is in the stage of man-machine collaboration, but the acquisition of more and more samples will help our intelligent customer service to give accurate and pleasing answers."

　　It can be seen that not all fields are suitable for AI’s self-development. For example, in the aspect of problem modeling, how to abstract practical problems into machine learning problems can not be completed by AI. In the stage of AI2.0, R&D personnel also need to design the form of function F manually.

　　So, what will be the future of AutoML popularization?

　　"Humans are liberated from lower-level jobs." Zhao Zhigang said, "If the model design can be done by AI, then AI researchers will explore more the design of the basic modules that make up the model."

　　"Developing AI models with AutoML is similar to children playing with ‘ Lego ’ Toys. " Zhao Zhigang put it in simple terms, and the designers of Lego disassembled the whole world into detailed modules, so that everything could be used and then combined into complex models. The higher level of human work is to find basic units, that is, modules, for AI in different fields. For example, in the field of image recognition, humans have designed various modules such as convolution and pooling. "AutoML can build a model based on this, and constantly adjust the module combination to obtain a more reasonable output. The finer the module, the more versatile it can be, and the more self-developed AI can be used. " Zhao Zhigang said.

　　Extended reading

　　 Where are the talents needed by the industry?

　　Alleviating the shortage of talents is the main selling point of AutoML. "AI systems are blooming everywhere, but AI talents are far behind." Google explains why AutoML is indispensable. What is the current status of AI talents?

　　In 2017, the Global AI Talent Report and the BAT Artificial Intelligence Talent Development Report were released one after another. "The shortage of AI talents is real." Xu Wenjuan, vice president of Shengshi Investment Group, said, "The shortage of talents in start-up and development enterprises is particularly serious. From the current global perspective, the United States has the largest number of AI talents, and China’s AI talents can’t be compared with it in terms of number of people and experience. "

　　Zhao Zhigang has the same feeling: "China’s AI field is short of veterans, experts, generalists and top masters." The optimization and debugging of the model requires experience, the exquisite design of the model requires superb skills, and the application of AI in various industries requires compound talents. In addition, there are only a handful of top talents leading the development direction of AI, and most of them are abroad.

　　Xu Wenjuan introduced that China has the most AI talents in BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent). Generally, there are several kinds of background experiences of such talents, such as returnees, BAT work experience, or from universities or research institutes.

　　"AI self-development should not be able to replace people’s work in the short term, and there is still a long way to go." Xu Wenjuan said. Zhao Zhigang analyzed from an academic point of view: "Only when human beings design AI models in different application fields and further decompose them into a series of general modules, such as the periodic table of elements in chemistry, DNA and RNA in biology, can this self-development have more applications."

Palm reading technology response access AI dialogue assistant Kimi： I will choose the AI big model with the strongest support according to the needs of the scene.

There are market rumors that Palm Reading Technology has been connected to Kimi, an AI dialogue assistant product of the domestic AI startup Moon Dark Side. In this regard, Palm Reading Technology responded today that the company actively embraces AI technology and is deeply integrating AI big model and reading App, and is committed to building the first real AI reading App in China, so that more users can find reading pleasure through AI big model and improve reading efficiency. "As for which big model to choose, we will choose the AI big model with the strongest supporting ability according to the needs of the scene, such as long text processing, interactive dialogue, cultural and life pictures and other different scenes, and we will choose different most suitable big models to support it." (Cailian)

Football News： Taishan will win the second place in the U21 League. In the final round, four teams will compete for the remaining place for the second place.

Live broadcast: On November 3rd, in the 21st round of U21 League, Shandong Taishan U21 team defeated Shanghai Harbour U21 team 2-1, locked in the championship one round ahead of schedule, and got the qualification to participate in the 2024 season B. According to "Football News", in the final round, there were four teams competing for the remaining one B spot.

According to the rules, the top two players in U21 League this year won the number of places in China B, but the rules on registration, promotion and demotion have not been finalized. After this round, Taishan scored 45 points, Haigang scored 40 points, Dalian scored 39 points, Rongcheng scored 39 points and Shenhua scored 38 points. Taishan U21 team has won the championship ahead of schedule and successfully rushed to B, while the four U21 teams of Haigang, Dalian, Rongcheng and Shenhua all have hope of rushing to B in the final round.

At present, the situation in the seaport is the best. If you win, you will get the qualification of B. If you draw, you need another game and it will be a draw. If you lose, you will miss B.: If Dalian people win and the harbor doesn’t win, they can get the qualification of B, and they will be tied or negative; If Rongcheng wins, and the harbor doesn’t win, it will get the qualification of B, and it will be flat or negative; If Shenhua wins and Dalian people draw with Rongcheng, they can get the qualification of B.

(Tiger)

Put away your competitive heart when running.

Unless you are interested in becoming a professional runner, for most amateur runners, running is not a competition in the arena. You have to figure out what you are running for.

I think some runners blindly follow the trend when they see other people’s achievements, so they can’t resist a competitive heart. All I can think about is the amount of running and pace. In the end, even if I ran out of good grades, I also ran out of injuries. What’s the point?

For amateur runners, the word "stability" is the most important, and jogging is the truth. Be a little timid, it doesn’t matter! Run slowly, run less, and leave if you can’t run. It’s really nothing. It is even more important to achieve the "three noes": no running when you are sick, no running after drinking, and no running after staying up late.What do you think? Let’s talk in the comments section.

The nebula award announced the shortlist. What science fiction novels were nominated this year？

On February 20th, local time, the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) announced the finalists of the 54th nebula awards. The award ceremony will be held on May 18th, local time, and the Warner Marriott Center in California will produce the winners of this year’s nebula awards.

In addition to awards for novels, novelettes, novelettes and short stories, this year’s Xingyun Awards also set up three fiction awards, including the best game writing award, the "bradbury Award" for the best drama presentation, and the "Andre Norton Award" for the best youth science fiction and fantasy works. Among them, the Best Game Writing Award is the first award added this year.

The annual nebula award was first presented in 1965, in recognition of science fiction and fantasy novels published or published in the United States the previous year. The nebula award is one of the most important awards in science fiction and fantasy novels. It is often compared with Hugo Award. Together, they are called "Double Awards", which is called the Nobel Prize in science fiction. Works that win both the nebula award and Hugo award are often regarded as stepping into the palace of classic works.

The nebula award is a spiral nebula made of transparent synthetic resin, hence the name of this award.

China writer Liu Cixin was nominated for the nebula award in 2015. The nominated work is the first part of the English version of Three-body trilogy, which was translated by Chinese-American Liu Yukun, and the name of the English version was translated into The Three Body Problem. In August 2015, at the 73rd World Science Fiction Conference, Liu Cixin’s "Three-body" won the Hugo Award for novels, which was the first time that China people won the highest honor in science fiction literature. In addition, Liu Cixin has won the "Global Chinese Science Fiction Galactic Award" sponsored by the World Chinese Science Fiction Association for many times.

2018 nebula award finalist list:

long

The Calculating Stars, by Mary Robinette Kowal, published by Tor.

In the setting of overhead history, the global disaster forced mankind to carry out a greatly accelerated space program, which at the same time forced female astronauts not to escape from the earth.

The Poppy War, by R.F. Kuang, published by Harper Voyager US; Harper Voyager UK)

The "Poppy War" by Chinese-American women writers is an epic of historical military fantasy. The story of betrayal and magical conception are intertwined in the background of China’s 12th century war.

Blackfish City, author: Sam J. Miller Publishing: Ecco; Orbit UK

"Black Fish City" is a compact science fiction work, involving a series of problems faced by the real society, such as political corruption, organized crime, gender identity and climate change.

Spinning Silver, by Naomi Novik, published by Del Rey; Macmillan

The author Naomi Novik studied the magic of fairy tales deeply and wrote a love story that is eternal but suitable for the present. This bestseller was rated as "one of the best fantasy novels of the year" by The New York Times.

Witchmark, by C.L. Polk, published by Tor.com Publishing.

The author sets the story in England. In the primitive world under the shadow of the world war, the cabal of aristocratic families uses their unique magical gifts to control the destiny of the country, while young people just want to live their own lives.

Trail of Lightning, by Rebecca Roanhorse, published by Saga.

The climate disaster caused the sea level to rise suddenly, and most parts of the world have been submerged below the water level, leaving only the last reserve. Gods and heroes have traveled all over this land, including those legendary monsters.

Medium length

Fire Ant, by Jonathan P. Brazee, published by Semper Fi.

The protagonist is an exploration pilot employed by a big company. During a routine task of analyzing the galaxy system, she came across something that might threaten the survival of mankind. Not oppressed by power, she tried to convey this message to others: there are very real dangers waiting for mankind in the deep air.

The Black God’s Drums, by P. Djèlí Clark, published by Tor.com Publishing.

In the parallel universe, New Orleans fell into the American Civil War. A girl longed to escape from the battlefield, so she boarded the airship of the midnight robber and won the trust of the captain after completing the task many times.

The Tea Master and the Detective, by Aliette de Bodard, published by Subterranean.

Exiled anthropologists and powerful families form a circular habitat. In this mobile society, physical and virtual reality overlap, and the environment will change its appearance according to the current mood of the interlocutors.

Alice Payne Arrives, by Kate Heartfield, published by Tor.com Publishing.

A lost hero, a highway robber, and a raging war. This time travel science fiction story makes a thief reluctantly become a hero.

Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach, by Kelly Robson, published by Tor.com Publishing.

This novel is an adventure story about the changes of human history. People choose to go back to the less polluted past or to repair the damaged planet.

Artificial Condition, by Martha Wells, published by Tor.com Publishing.

Known as the "murder robot", it has a dark history, and many people have died at its hands. However, it has only a vague memory of the massacre behind the title, so it cooperates with a transport ship to explore its past.

Short novella

The only harmony great thing, by Brooke Bolander, published by Tor.com Publishing.

In the early 20th century, a group of female factory workers in New Jersey slowly died of radiation poisoning. At about the same time, an Indian elephant was deliberately electrocuted to death on Coney Island. The author established a clever connection between the two events in the way of overhead history.

"The Last Banquet of Temporary Conflicts", by Tina Connolly, published in Tor.com.

In this story about the traitor king, a food taster needs to make his own choice: pastry, magic or betrayal.

"An Agent of Utopia", by Andy Duncan, published in An Agent of Utopia.

An assassin, an aging UFO contact, a Mohawk steel worker, a time-traveling fighter, a zombie who eats yam, and a child who likes to eat chicken, they ride in a steamer together, creating a fairy tale in the 21st century.

"The Substance of My Lives, The Incidents of Our Births", by José Pablo Iriarte, published at Lightspeed.

Jimmy is a "non-duality" teenager in a small town, but Ta still remembers many dead people in the town, one of whom is closely related to a murder case 40 years ago.

"The Rule of Three", by Lawrence M. Schoen, published in Future Science Fiction Digest.

Computers around the world are paralyzed in a virus storm, and the world is in chaos. Adam’s car without a computer is one of the few machines that can still work. He used cars to bring people together in the community and seek ways to survive.

"Messenger" by Yudhanjaya Wijeratne and R.R. Virdi, published in Expanding Universe, Volume 4.

This sci-fi novel about aliens incorporates a lot of animation themes. The author and his partner are the first Sri Lankan writers nominated for the nebula award.

short story

"Interview for the End of the World", by Rhett C. Bruno, published in Bridge Across the Stars.

Rhett Bruno is an American science fiction writer, whose works such as Legend of the Circuit and Son of Titan are on the best-seller list of USA-Today. This short story discusses the end of the world.

"the secret lives of the nine Negroes of George Washington", by Phenderson Djèlí Clark, published in Fireside.

This short story is a fictional story about President George Washington, the founding father of the United States, buying teeth from nine black people.

"Going Dark", by Richard Fox, published in Backblast Area Clear.

The human war has spread to the stars. This short story depicts the fierce scene of heroic soldiers fighting with the enemy.

"And Yet", by A.T. Greenblatt, published in Uncanny.

Only a fool would believe in the haunted house of childhood. However, you have returned to the overgrown front porch, which has not changed for more than 20 years. Memories of the past slowly flow out from here …

"A Watch’s Guide to Escape: A Practical Competition of Portal Fantasies", by Alix E. Harrow, published in Apex 2/6/18.

An escape guide for the witch was abandoned on the carpet with a map of foreign countries drawn in brown ink. A red backpack sits next to it …

"The Court Magician", by Sarah Pinsker, published at Lightspeed.

The boy who will become a court magician is different. His background distinguishes him from other children. Although he comes from the market, he is not a cruel child. He never steals money from others or beats children for candy …

Best Game Writing (game writing)

Black Mirror: Bandersnatch, by Charlie Brooker, published in House of Tomorrow & Netflix.

The indie TV movie Black Mirror: Pandas Nike describes that young programmers in the 1980s tried to adapt their childhood favorite adventure novel Pandas Nike into a best-selling computer game. The interactive version sets five formal endings for the story.

The Road to Canterbury, by Kate Heartfield, published in Choice of Games.

"The Road to Canterbury" is a mobile APP game based on the author’s 170,000-word interactive medieval novel. The game does not contain animation and pictures, and the whole process is presented in the form of text. The choice of players will determine the direction of the story.

God of War, by Matt Sophos, Richard Zangrande Gaubert, Cory Barlog, Orion Walker and Adam Dolin, published in Santa Monica Studio/Sony/Interactive Entertainment.

"God of War" is a game developed by Sony Electronic Entertainment Company. The game is based on Greek mythology and tells the adventures of Kratos, who became a god of war from mortal to god of war, and started the killing of gods.

Rent-A-Vice, by Natalia Theodoridou, published in Choice of Games.

This is an interactive game based on a 150,000-word mystery novel. The player plays a private detective and handles a lot of troubles. The game is presented in the form of pure text, and the player’s choice determines the direction of the story.

The Martian Job, by M. Darusha Wehm, published in Choice of Games.

Welcome to Mars! This interactive game is based on the author’s novel text. Players start their own adventures on Mars through their own imagination, and even get rich outside the starry sky.

"bradbury" Best Screenplay Award

The Goodplace: "Jeremy Bearimy", written by Megan Amram.

Good Land is an American fantasy comedy TV series, and the nomination script is the fifth episode of the third season of the drama.

Black Panther, written by Ryan Coogler and Joe Robert Cole

Black Panther is an American action science fiction movie, which tells the story of a superhero with African descent in a highly developed era of science and technology.

A Quiet Place, written by John Krasinski and Bryan Woods & Scott Beck

In the movie Quiet Place, a large-scale invasion broke out, and here, keeping quiet is the only rule for survival.

Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, written by Phil Lord and Rodney Rothman.

In the movie Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, a collider opens a passage to other universes, and Spider-Man from other universes and different versions come to help the hero complete his mission.

Dirty Computer, written by Janelle Monáe and Chuck Lightning

In the movie Dirty Computer, a robot tries to get rid of the control of a totalitarian society, which is also very disgusted with homosexuality.

Sorry to Bother You, written by Boots Riley

Sorry to disturb is a comedy fantasy movie. A black telemarketer accidentally discovers the dark secret hidden behind the company, and he has to choose between keeping silent and telling the truth.

"Andre Norton" Award for Best Youth Science Fiction or Fantasy Works

Children of Blood and Bone, by Tomi Adeyemi, published by Henry Holt; Macmillan

Ancient magic hangs over the land of West Africa. The king’s ruthless orders deprived the hero of his mother. With the help of a princess, he searched for the lost magic and took revenge on the cruel and heartless royal family.

Aru Shah and the End of Time, by Roshani Chokshi, published by Rick Riordan Presents.

Twelve-year-old Aru Shah has just begun to adapt to school life. On one occasion, Aru Shah and his classmates inadvertently released a demon who had been sleeping for thousands of years. The only way to stop the demon was to find five reincarnated soul children. Aru Shah embarked on an adventurous journey.

A Light in the Dark, by A.K. DuBoff, published by BDL.

The invasion of the alien fleet has arrived. Before the world is completely destroyed, Ellie and her friends must find the mysterious fragments and start the restart of the cosmic device to stop the alien attack.

Tess of the Road, by Rachel Hartman, published by Random House.

In medieval Europe, women were required to be ladies and protected by men, but Tess did not accept such social discipline. Her family had to send her to a monastery. Tess cut off her hair, put on her boots and chose to run away. She had to decide her own path.

Dreamnation, by Justina Ireland, published by Balzer+Bray.

The dead came back to life on the battlefield in Gettysburg. They walked on the battlefield and changed the outcome of the American Civil War. In the new United States, children are forced to learn combat skills, fight the wandering undead and protect the safety of most people in the country. The little girl Jane refused to accept this unfair abuse and began an adventure story of resistance.

Peasprout Chen: Future Legend of Skate and Sword, Henry Lien (Henry Holt)

Welcome to the Institute of Skating and Fencing, where children are eager to become masters of skating and fencing. When the competition between students is becoming more and more fierce, a huge conspiracy hanging over the college is slowly emerging …

Author Li Yongbo

Editor Zhang Jin proofreads Wu Xingfa.

Reporting/feedback

These actions hurt your knees more than running, and some people do them every day!

now

Exercise has become a "compulsory course" for many people every day.

And in many sports,

Running is deeply loved by many people.

Recently, a circle friend sent for help and said

There are all kinds of sayings about running on the Internet.

The most popular saying is that running will hurt your knees.

Is this really the case?

Zhao min

Peking University Third Hospital

Deputy chief physician of orthopedics

Does running really hurt your knees?

Improper running posture or excessive load is the most likely to damage the knee joint.

Incorrect running method exceeds the load of knee joint, which will easily lead to "running knee", which is a chronic overwork.

No matter ordinary people or athletes, they may encounter the problem of knee joint injury in sports, but the "running knee" only exists in the situation of knee overuse, which is related to personal sports and physical fitness.

Both sitting without running and high-intensity running can cause joint problems, and the prevalence rate is the lowest among people who run at leisure, so proper running is beneficial to joint health for ordinary people (non-athletes) as a whole.

Unscientific exercise is an important cause of knee injury. If you don’t warm up before running, it will have a huge impact on the meniscus and even cause comminuted fracture of the patella.

Incorrect running posture, too long exercise time, too high frequency and different physical qualities of individuals are all factors that cause knee joint injury.

Therefore, incorrect running methods or excessive use of knees will lead to knee injury, but you can’t stop exercising completely.

Action points:

Warm up for 5 ~ 10 minutes before jogging, and the duration of pure running is 30 ~ 60 minutes every day, so don’t care too much about the distance;

The body leans forward slightly, the arm swings naturally, and the forefoot touches the ground;

Keep the speed "breathing, heartbeat is slightly faster but you can talk normally";

Plastic ground, asphalt road, etc. are selected for the site, and cement ground is not recommended.

These movements hurt your knees the most.

Step 1 sit still for a long time

An internationally authoritative study once pointed out that the incidence of arthritis in fitness runners is 3.5%; For sedentary people, the incidence of arthritis is as high as 10.2%! Long-term sedentary articular cartilage will gradually lose nutrition and "starve to death". Therefore, proper exercise can prolong the life of the knee. But the premise is to master scientific methods and avoid unnecessary damage.

Step 2 climb mountains and stairs

Old people, overweight people and people with knee injuries had better crawl less. Don’t insist on climbing if your knees are uncomfortable.

When going up the mountain (stairs), the wrong posture can easily hurt the knee, and the knee will bear about three times its own weight.

When going down the mountain (stairs), the knee will not only bear the impact of the ground, but also increase the wear of the knee.

Therefore, it is not recommended to climb mountains and buildings as daily exercise.

Tip: There is a knee injury. When going upstairs, the good leg goes first, and when going downstairs, the bad leg goes first.

Step 3 jump rope

The risk of skipping rope to knee joint is mainly related to the venue.

Generally, the concrete floor downstairs in a residential area can’t provide an effective buffer for the impact force when skipping rope falls to the ground, and it is easy to hurt the knee for a long time.

Key points of skipping rope:

Choose plastic floor or cement floor to pave plastic mat;

When jumping, keep your feet close to avoid bending your knees greatly;

The take-off height is 2 ~ 4 cm to ensure that the skipping rope just passes through the soles of the feet;

Shake the rope with wrist strength and keep the big arm close to the trunk.

4. Riding a bike in the wrong posture

If you ride too hard, or take some wrong riding posture habits, it will also have certain health risks to your knees.

Action points:

The height of the seat is adjusted to: when the foot steps on the lowest position, the knee joint slightly bends about 170;

Hold your head high while riding, keeping your knees and toes facing forward;

Keep riding at a constant speed, and don’t suddenly increase the speed by force;

Exert force on the thigh and step on the pedal with the first third of the sole of your foot.

5. I don’t have exercise habits at ordinary times, and I suddenly run away.

For people who don’t have any exercise habits at ordinary times and sit for a long time every day, leg muscle strength is usually insufficient, and sudden long-term walking is easy to cause instability of knee joint position.

Suggestion: Try to avoid striding, don’t stretch your front legs too far, avoid tightening your legs or knees and step forward, so that your body can walk naturally, comfortably and moderately.

Step 6 sit cross-legged

When sitting cross-legged, the knee joint is in a state of flexion. Under the action of gravity, it will bear the sinking force, resulting in uneven stress on the inside and outside. Over time, the knee joint is also prone to deformation.

Suggestion: when you can’t help sitting cross-legged, bend only one leg at a time, try to be natural and comfortable, and don’t force your feet down, which can reduce the damage to your knees to some extent.

Step 7 squat for a long time

When the squatting posture is greater than 90 degrees, the compression of the medial knee joint will become larger, resulting in the wear of the medial patella.

Suggestion: Try to control the toilet time in squatting position within 3 minutes.

These symptoms appear in the knee joint.

May have suggested joint damage.

If you can’t remember your knee joint at all, first of all, it shows that it is healthy. When you start to pay attention to your knee joint, it may indicate that there are some problems with it.

Then there are probably two kinds of problems that often appear in our knee joint:

1. it hurts

This is the most common situation. Suddenly, I feel pain in my knee. The pain varies from light to heavy. Another is its position. If you touch your left knee with your palm, buckle the patella above your knee with the palm of your hand. After buckling it, when your thumb naturally droops, you can touch a gap. This is the gap on the inside of the knee. If this position is painful, you should be careful about meniscus or osteoarthritis. If this position is further up.

Step 2 make a noise

Sometimes there will be some noise in the knee joint, a crisp snap, without pain, which may be some physiological snap, such as synovial hyperplasia. If you have degenerative osteoarthropathy and arthritis, its noise is very characteristic, just like when you hold a handful of snow in winter, the snowball makes a creaking sound. This feeling of holding snow is a very typical manifestation of osteoarthritis, called bone rubbing sound.

You can protect your knees by sitting and lifting your legs.

The first method:

When the leg bends to 90 degrees, the calf and thigh are basically in a vertical state. At this time, you can slowly extend the leg from 90-degree knee flexion to straightness, and pause for 5~10 seconds. You should feel the muscles in front of the thigh, especially the muscles in the inner thigh, exerting force and straining, and then slowly relax it to the knee flexion position. This is the first time.

We can repeat this cycle for 20 ~ 30 times, and this is a group, and we can do 2 ~ 3 groups every day.

Note: If you feel tired the next day, it means that this intensity exercise is appropriate. If you feel relaxed after exercise, you may need to correct your movements or increase your strength and frequency.

The second method:

You can step on something under your feet. At this time, the angle of bending your knees is less than 90 degrees. Slowly straighten it, straighten it to the position of 0 degrees, keep it for 5~10 seconds, and do reciprocating training.

Leg-lifting in sitting position is suitable for both sick patients and healthy people. It is a very basic training, so everyone should develop such a habit, and its application scenario is very wide. You can do such a training whether you are in the office or on a business trip.

Note: If the joint is in the inflammatory stage of redness, swelling, heat and pain, you should rest instead of doing any strength training, even if it is mild, and you should wait until the inflammation is relieved, the symptoms are relieved, or even disappear before starting strength training.

These symptoms appeared in the knee joint.

May have suggested joint damage.

If you can’t remember your knee joint at all, first of all, it shows that it is healthy. When you start to pay attention to your knee joint, it may indicate that there are some problems with it.

Then there are probably two kinds of problems that often appear in our knee joint:

1. it hurts

This is the most common situation. Suddenly, I feel that my knee begins to hurt. The pain varies from light to heavy, and the other is its position. If you touch your left knee with your palm, use the palm of your hand to buckle the patella above your knee. After buckling it, when the thumb naturally droops, you can touch a gap. This is the gap inside the knee joint. If this position hurts, you really have to be careful. For example, there will be some problems like meniscus or osteoarthritis. If this position is higher or lower than the knee joint, it may come from the ligament, so we judge it according to the painful part.

Step 2 make a noise

You can protect your knees by sitting and lifting your legs.

The first method:

When the leg bends to 90 degrees, the calf and thigh are basically in a vertical state. At this time, you can slowly extend the leg from the 90-degree knee bend to the straight, and pause for 5~10 seconds. You should feel the muscles in front of the thigh, especially the muscles in the inner thigh, exerting force and tightening, and then slowly relax it to the knee bend position. This is a time.

We can repeat this cycle for 20 ~ 30 times, and this is a group, and we can do 2 ~ 3 groups every day.

Note: If you feel tired the next day, it means that this intensity exercise is appropriate. If you feel relaxed after exercise, you may need to correct your actions or increase your strength and frequency.

The second method:

You can step on a whole box of cans under your feet. At this time, the angle of bending your knees is less than 90 degrees. Slowly straighten it to the position of 0 degrees, keep it for 5~10 seconds, and do reciprocating training.

Six things to prolong the service life of the knee

Knee joint should be used sparingly, and only by protecting it can its service life be prolonged;

Step 1 control your weight

Patients with knee arthritis caused by overweight account for a large proportion of the sick population. Losing weight can greatly reduce the burden on weight-bearing joints and reduce wear and tear.

2. Exercise with restraint

The healthiest exercise program for joints is: 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical exercise every day, no less than 5 days a week.

Warm up before exercise, exercise and stretch properly. If you do strenuous exercise, warm-up time should not be less than 10 minutes.

When swimming, the body is basically parallel to the water surface, and the knee joint is basically free of load, so it is best for the knee joint. Freestyle and backstroke are more recommended to protect the knee joint.

3. Pay attention to joint warmth

Avoid cold and damp knees, and wear knee pads if necessary.

Step 4 supplement calcium

Especially women over 40. When osteoporosis occurs, joints are prone to illness.

5. Shoes should be suitable

Whether walking or other sports, you should choose a pair of suitable shoes. Sports shoes with elasticity, slightly thicker soles and slightly thicker heels are the best for joints.

6. Avoid continuously exerting force on joints.

Try to reduce squatting as much as possible. If you need to squat frequently, you’d better sit in a low position, such as sitting on a small bench. When sitting and standing for a long time, you should always change your posture to prevent your knee from being fixed in one posture and being strained.

Note: Don’t exercise easily when your knee hurts. If there is injury or pain in the knee, you should see a doctor in time and standardize the treatment. Consult a doctor and make a suitable recovery exercise plan according to your own situation and illness.

Knee pad tips

1. Improper running posture or excessive load is the most likely to damage the knee joint.

2. These actions hurt your knees the most: sedentary, skipping rope, climbing mountains and stairs in the wrong posture, riding a bicycle in the wrong posture, having no exercise habits at ordinary times, suddenly running away, sitting cross-legged and squatting for a long time.

3. These symptoms of knee joint may have indicated joint damage:

Pain: the gap inside the knee joint hurts, and there may be problems with meniscus or osteoarthritis;

Sound: Osteoarthrosis and arthritis will cause bone rubbing sound.

4. Sitting leg lifting is a basic training suitable for both sick patients and healthy people.

5. Extend the service life of the knee: control the weight, exercise with restraint, pay attention to joint warmth, supplement calcium, fit shoes, and avoid exerting force on joints continuously.

Can swimming really cure children’s asthma？

　　Can swimming really cure children’s asthma?

　　Expert interpretation: This disease is difficult to cure and can only effectively avoid inducing factors.

　　Recently, some media reported that Sun Yue, a singer who left the stage for eight years, revealed in a recent program that she was actually treating asthma with her children after disappearing from public view for so long, and all the methods were exhausted, but the results were not satisfactory. Finally, the doctor suggested giving it a try by swimming, from swimming with her children three times a week to swimming with her every day, and finally cured her asthma. In this regard, the reporter interviewed Yao, the father of a Chinese medicine doctor, deputy director of the Department of Pulmonary Diseases of the Second Hospital of Jiangsu Province, and learned that asthma is a stubborn disease, and the possibility of complete cure is slim. Swimming, as a kind of exercise to help exercise cardiopulmonary function, can effectively control the onset of the disease, but once the vigilance is relaxed and the long-term care of prognosis is neglected, asthma may still "make a comeback".

　　"Asthma, as a chronic disease, mostly occurs in young children, and there is the possibility of continuing the whole life cycle of patients. If early detection and early intervention treatment can be carried out in childhood, the disease can be well controlled and the possibility of children’s asthma evolving into adult asthma can be reduced." Yao, the main father, said that children’s immunity and other aspects are still not well developed during their growth, but with the increase of age, their resistance is enhanced, their lung function is constantly developing, and the chances of respiratory virus infection are greatly reduced, so many children with asthma will obviously reduce their symptoms after puberty, or even stop having attacks, provided that some inducing factors, such as allergens, respiratory infections, tobacco smoke, strenuous exercise or mood swings, are effectively avoided.

　　Many people think that it is best for asthma patients not to exercise or reduce exercise to avoid aggravating the possibility of asthma attacks. In fact, this idea is very one-sided. According to Sun Yue’s words on the program, swimming is one of the effective ways to treat her son’s asthma. Patients can recover the development of lung function and strengthen their physique through exercise. Studies have found that the benefits of regular exercise for asthma patients far outweigh the risks.

　　In addition to swimming, moderate jogging, ball games and other aerobic exercises in which all large muscle groups participate are good choices. "Patients can carry out moderate-intensity exercise under the premise that professional doctors provide scientific and regular exercise guidance, and gradually increase the duration of exercise. Patients who are in the acute attack period are not advised to exercise. They need to follow the treatment specifications and take a full rest. At least two weeks after the asthma symptoms are controlled, they should exercise according to the actual situation. " Father Yao said.

　　"For asthma patients who have well controlled their illness, it does not mean that they have entered the’ safe box’. With the change of age and the decline of immune function, exposure to some allergens or respiratory infections will induce the recurrence of asthma." My father Yao reminded that asthma patients need to maintain good living habits for a long time, such as avoiding the inhalation of harmful gases such as lampblack, cigarettes and second-hand smoke, so as to avoid long-term and chronic irritation to the airway. Patients with allergic asthma with definite allergens should pay attention to isolating animal hair and pollen. In addition, obesity is also a risk factor for the recurrence of asthma, because excessive weight will limit the expansion of the chest and lead to dyspnea. Obesity is also related to the inflammatory reaction of the body, which will affect the control effect of asthma to some extent.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Xu Qianqian

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